He aha nā'ano hydrocarbons aromatic: ke'ano, nā mea waiwai

E no'ono'o i nā'ōpona'enela. 'O ke kumuhana no nā lālā o kēia papahana like'ole,'o ia'o CnH2n-6.

Nā Papa Hana

I ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia'umikumamāiwa, ua wehe'o Faraday i benzene - C6H6. Ke hoʻohālikelike me paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons, i ka mall nā papakuhikuhi o ka mea, ua hōʻike onaona hydrocarbons i loko o ka palapala o nā puka lou. Ma muli o ka nui'ole o ka hydrogen i ka mole, ua hana'ia kekahi apo pepeiao i loko o ke apo.

Pehea e kuni i ka mea onaona hydrocarbons? 'O ke kumuhana i mana'o'ia e Kekule e wehewehe ana i ka holo'ana o kēia papa o nā hydrocarbons. 'O ka hō'oia'ana o nā kaula li'ili'i he hō'ailona ia o ke'ano o ka benzene a me nā mea like.

'O nā mea kanu

'O ke'ano ma'amau o nā hydrocarbons aromasona ke mana'o nei i nā pūnaewele a pau o kēia papa o nā ho'ohui hou: hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration. Ua hō'ike'ia nā hopena o nā ho'okolohua he nui i ka hana ma'akū'ole o benzene.

Hō'ike ia i ka kū'ē nui i ka ho'onani'ana, hiki ke ho'okomo wale i ke alo o ka'ōhula ultraviolet a i'ole ka mahana wela.

Nā'ano o ka hanana o benzene

'O ke kinikōmoha o ka hydrocarbons aromatic is C6H6. 'O nā'ōma'a kalapona a pau aia i ka moku cp2-hybrid, ma loko o ka moku ho'okahi. Ho'okahi o lākou i ka C C non-hybrid, i hui pū'ia i loko o kahi'ele'ele'ele'ele ma'amau, e pili pono ana i ka mokulele o ke apo. 'O kēia pūnaewele'o nā n-pa'a i ho'ohui'ia e ho'oholo i ka pi'i'ana o ka benzene.

'Amelika Nine Pauling i manaoia benzene manao me nā interconnected nā hale i OAOOUIEeE huli huina'ine nuʻa, Eʻoi mai ana kekahi i kekahi.

Nomenclature a me ka isomerism

Pehea'oe e kapa ai i nā hydrocarbons aromatic? 'O ke kumu o nā pūpū a pau e pili ana i ka hui o nā hydrocarbons aromasona pono e kūlike i ka papa'ano melepole i ho'ohui'ia. 'O ka homologue'oi a'e o benzene he'ekoluene. 'O ka ho'oka'awale'ana ma waena o ia mea a me ka ha'alulu manolahilahi ka CH2.

'O ka inoa o nā'elele o kēia papa e ho'onoho'ia ana ma benzene. 'O ka helu'ana o nā kumuma kalapona ke kahawai, e ho'omaka ana mai ka luna i ke kōmike'ōpio. 'Oiai (2 a me 6) mau kūlana i mana'o'ia he kūlana kū'oko'a, a he 3 a me 5 (odd) nā'ano-like.

Nā'ano o nā'oihana kino

He aha nā'ano o ke'ano o nā'ōmole kalapona,'o ke'ano papahana e like me CnH2n-6?

'O Benzene, a me kona homologs kokoke loa ma lalo o nā'ano kūikawā, he wai'awa'awa e loa'a ai kahi'ano maika'i'ole. No nā'ano āpau, he mea kūpono'ole i ka hilahila'ole i ka wai. Ma nā palena palena'ole, hiki iā lākou ke ho'ohiolo i loko o nā mea ho'omehana honua.

Nā koho no ka loa'a

Ma ka hanalimaʻano hua benzene a me nā 'elele o ka papa o onaona hydrocarbons, i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo aaioee o ka lanahu hohono a me kaʻaila kā. 'O kahi'ano ho'ohālikelike o ka loa'a'ana o nā'elele o kēia papa e like me nā mea like'ole:

• Ka hao wale'ana i nā molekene'eneke mai nā cycloparaffins (dehydrogenation);
• aromatization o ka paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons (alkanes).

'O nā māmā'elua no ka ho'ololi'ana i ka pūpū i loko o ke'ano'awa'awa e komo i ka ho'ohana'ana i kahi mahana wela a me ka mea ho'omehana.

Ma waena o nā'ano ma'amau o ka labora'o e loa'a ai nā li'ili'i e hiki ke'ōlelo'ia ka inoa o Wurz. 'O ke'ano o ka pilina o ke alkane halogenate me ka sodium metall.

Nā'ano o nā homologene benzene

'O Toluene, kahi e noho ai kahi hui methyl, komo i loko o nā kinipiki pa'ū ma mua o ka benzene. No ka mea, he pae mua'o CH3,'o nā mea i loko e ho'onohonoho'ia ma kahi o nā kotho (a). Hiki i nā tolu ke hiki ke halogenation (chlorination, bromination, ho'ohui'ia'ana), a me ka ho'onā'ana ho'i.

Ka Hopena

Ho'ohālikelike nā'ōmole holo'ona a pau i ke'ano ma'amau CnH2n-6. Ke puhi'ia lākou i loko o ka oxygen ea, ua ho'oku'u'ia ka nui o ke kānana, kahi i ma'alahi ke ho'ākāka'ia e ka ho'onui'ia o ka helu o ke kalapona i loko o ia.