Hydrostatic Galileo mea unahiʻole. Galileo Galilei: he pōkole Kawaihae

Galileo Galilei - Italian nä känaka 'epekema, he philologist, he mechanic, manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, haku mele, a me ka astronomer physicist. He ua he nui keiki ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka 'epekema o kona manawa. Ke kumu o kaʻike a me ka hoao ana manaoia ka piena o kaua aku i ka scholastic kino. Ano ka mea, uaʻike i nā mea a pau i kona piʻi like: Galilei invented he hydrostatic unahi, thermoscope, a paʻa i ka telescope. Ke nä känaka 'epekema mea i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka mana ke kālaikūlohea. Ma keia 'atikala, e hai aku mākou oe e pili ana i ke ola a me ka hana o Galileo. E ka ka hoʻomaka 'ana.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Galileo Galilei, he pōkole Kawaihae a e e hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo, i hānauʻia ma Pisa (Italy) i ka 1564. Kona makua kāne hana me ke mele a me ka mathematician, ua koho no ke keiki a ka 'inikuaʻoihana kahuna. Ma hope o ke keiki hale mōneka kula pau,ʻo ia ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ke Kulanui o Pisa'āuna kumu o Medicine. Akā, heʻumikumamāhiku Galilaia ka mea, ua i hana hoihoi. He haʻalele i ke kulanui, a hele aku la i Florence, kahi i lilo ai këia i ka hana o Archimedes a me Euclid. Galileo ka makua kāne, unuhi haawi noi ke keiki ia i loko o ka philosophical nā kumu.

Ma ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi Galileo aloha ke hoʻololi i ÿano toys, a me ka na Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka moku, mea wili, machines. Haumāna Galileo Viviani, hope, palapala iho la i ka Kawaihae o ke nä känaka 'epekema i oleloia e ia i loko o kona wa opiopio, Galileo ua loa observant. He aie a hiki i keia mea e like ai ka mea, ua hiki ia e nui i loaʻa: no ka mea, i loko o Pisa Hale Pule Nui e oniu chandeliers, i kekahi kanaka opiopio i hele mai me ke kānāwai o ka isochronism o pendulum oscillations (i ke kuokoa o ka haiahū kūmau o ka oscillation wā). He nui noiʻi kū'ē'ē 'oe i Viviani a me ka manaoio i keia loaʻa, aole ia e pili ana i Galilaia. Akā, ka mea, ua ike ia Galileo pinepine kulana kupono i ke kānāwai empirically. He hoʻohana pū ia no i kekahi loihi o ka manawa. Kēia hoʻokolohua Ua enthusiastically loaa na kauka.

Galileo hydrostatic unahi

I ka 1586, he opiopio nä känaka 'epekema paʻi i ka mua scientific hana ana i ka mea hiki ano. Galileo kūkulu i ka kūikawā hydrostatic unahi, a me ka piha ano o ia mau mea i loko o kona mau hana. Mākou ke olelo aku i ka mea i manaʻo i kona hopena me he nä känaka 'epekema.

Hydrostatic he unahi ae e hooholo ia i ka pa apŘ o nā pōhaku makamae, a ke hooheheeia. Ka papa hana iho ua wehe hou Archimedes. Galileo ka hana noa i ka ' "Small ka unahiʻole," ua he Florentine mathematician Guido del Monte. Ke nä känaka 'epekema Ua ike koke i loko o ka Galileo loea mechanic, a iini iho la e halawai me ia.

Ua ua ma luna o ka hoike ana o Del Monte i ka 1589 Galileo loaa ka professorship ma kona kulanui, ua hikiʻole i ka hoʻopau 'ana i kālā pilikia. Naʻe, ka mea, i ka palena iki uku, akā, epekema nae ua hauʻoli no ka mea, hydrostatic unahi Galileo i kaulana i loko o ka 'epekema honua. He Ua oiʻikeʻia i waena o Italian mathematicians.

Ke hoonoho "Ma ka oni ana"

Hoomaka ae la e ao ana ma ka Kulanui o ka makemakika a me ka kālaiʻike, Galileo ke ehuehu o ka pilikia i waeia. Ma ka kekahi lima - ka inviolable dogma manao o Aristotle, ma ka 'ē aʻe - kā lākou mau manaʻo, makani hoʻi ma ka hoao ana. E like me ka Aristotle kino holo kulu ka hapaʻauhau i kona kaumaha. Galileo hōʻoleʻia kāna i kēia'ōlelo, ka wā ma lehulehu hoike kulu mai o ka hilinai ana Tower o waihoʻoluʻu o ka ia nui, akā, me kekahi mau paona. Aristotle ao mai la oia i kekahi mau kino i okoa "he lauwili anei waiwai", no laila, kekahi o lakou, e haule nui wikiwiki ma mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe. I ke kino i loko o ka noi, i makemake ai ea pahu aku ai i, nolaila, holo o ke kino i ka 'i ka wa e kaawale aku o voids. Ho okolohua Galileo olelo ano e.

I ka 1590, i ke kanaka noiʻi kakau iho la i ka hoonoho "Ma ka oni ana". Ma ka mea,ʻo ia nema aku i ka manao o na ukali o Aristotle (Peripatetics). Ua kena ae la'āponoʻole o ke nä känaka 'epekema, mai ka poeikohoia o ka breech scholastic' epekema. Hoʻi,ʻaʻole hoʻomākaukau uku Galileo. Ka mea, ua nui loa cramped i loko o ka Media. Kōkua iā ia hua del Monte, me ka paipai 'Galileo ma Padua University.

Padua manawa

Mai ka 1592, hoomaka ae la ka loa hoʻomāhuahua ai wā i loko o ke ola ana o ke kanaka noiʻi. Mākou i mua kamaʻilio e pili ana i Galileo hydrostatic unahi, a lilo iho la ia i kona loaʻa mua. No laila, ma o ka makahiki o ke ao ana ma ke Kulanui o Padua nä känaka 'epekemaʻo ia i kekahi mau. Galileo invented thermoscope no ka hoʻopaʻa ' ana i thermalʻike manaʻo , a paʻa i ka telescope, e hoino ia ia ma ka telescope.

I mea thermoscope ana wela i ka prototype. E invent ia, Galileo i ke radically rethink na i ka manawa i nā loina o ke anu a me ka wela.

Ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka telescope ma Venice i ike mua i ka 1609. Me ka hana maluʻikepili Kaka, Galileo paʻa ka manaʻo, a hakuloli ia e malama i ka starry lani. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1610 ka mea, ua kokua mai oia i noiʻi loaʻa ekolu ukali o ka Honua Dia. E kilo ana i ka Honua i kekahi manawa, Galileo ua hiki ke maopopo mea na ukali revolve a puni ia, aʻaʻole hope versa. Ua hookupaa iho la ia Kepler ÷'ōnaehana, a ua he kākoʻo iā ia, no ka mea nä känaka 'epekema.

Eia hou kekahi, Galileo loaa i ka loina o ka relativity i loko o nāʻano. He hana i ke kumu o ka keia kumumanaʻo o ka relativity. Galileo loaʻa misconceptions e pili ana i ka neʻeʻana o Aristotle. Empirically nä känaka 'epekema loaʻa i ka neʻeʻana (me mechanical kaʻina) Ua pili. I mea ole, e kamailio e pili ana i ka neʻeʻana, me ka ike ma ka pili ana i ka "kino o ke maopopo kahi" ia ia lŘlŘ. Ia lakou iho e like me na kanawai o ke noi ka mea. Nolaila, panina kāpena o ka moku o ka, he mea hiki ole ke experimentally ike ai i ko ia mea uniformly paha e kau mai ana ma luna o ka honua ua neʻe maila.

Astronomical discoveries

Ma muli o ka holomua telescope i loko o ke nä känaka 'epekema, ua hou Aey? Acaeoey. Galileo Galiley ike i nā kūlana o Venusa, a lilo hoomaopopoia o ke ola ana o ka helu nui o hoku o ka nō hoʻi. Nānā i ka neʻeʻana o sunspots, ka noiʻiʻike ihola i kēia kaʻina mea ku pono i ke kuapo ana o ka la. Ma o ka ili o ka mahina, Galileo ike craters a me na mauna. A pau o kēia mau mea,ʻo ia ke olonā wāwae o ka credibility o ka cosmogonic dogma o ka immutability o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua i ke kipi i loko o kilohōkū. A pau i kona mau loina, Galileo hōʻike i loko o ka puke "Star Gazette", i i paʻiʻia ma ka 1610. Kēia hana i hoolaa ai i ke Duke o Tuscany ma ka aoao o Kozimo Medichi.

E hoʻi iā Florence

Soon ka Duke kono Galileo e hana i loko o Florence. Ua kohoia ke nä känaka 'epekema' aha hoʻokolokolo poe akeakamai mua a me ka mathematician o ke Kulanui, ka mea i ole nae e heluhelu haʻi'ōlelo. Ma ka manawa i ka hana o Galileo i ia mea ma Italy. Mahalo i waena o lākou ka piena o inaina mai ma ka 'ē aʻe. Oiaio ma mua,ʻaʻole'ē aʻe me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha. I ka 1611 i ka astronomer Ua hiki kono ia Roma, kahi āna i enthusiastically aloha mai ka mua ili o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka ekalesia. Galileo nō i ka hāʻuleʻana e pili ana i ka hoʻouka kekahi ia ia i ka malu hoʻomakākiu. Kūpono 'ia nei hoa paioʻoi loa i ka 1613, ka wā o ka hoʻokolokoloʻia ua ho'ālaʻia ka pukana o ka incompatibility o ka palapala hemolele me ka discoveries o Galileo. Ke kanaka noiʻi i keia kauoha piha pane, i ho'āʻo i ka pono maopopo ma waena o 'epekema a me ka ekalesia. I ka 1616, hele aku la ia i Roma no ka mea o ke pale i ko lakou ao ana.

Ka mua kaʻina

Ana ko loa holomua. Ke kumu no ka mea ua maikaʻi loa kākā'ōlelo hiki Galileo. Eia hou, ke nä känaka 'epekema kokua Duke o Tuscany, kākau no ka hoʻokolokolo palapala. 'Āhewa' ana i lawe mai ai ma luna o Galileo ike groundless. Ano, eia nae, ma mua kānakaʻepekema ua hala loa he hana nui loa: no ka legalization o ko lākou mau 'epekema wale.

Copernican'ōnaehana hiki ole ke akea pale aku, akā, i ka palapala o keʻano o, ka hoopaapaa ua i hookapuia. Nolaila, Galileo kākau ihola i ka puke "ʻano e pili ana i ka hānupanupa a me ka pele" i ka a na interlocutors ekolu ana no i ka papa kuhikuhiE nenoai mau o ka honua - Copernicus a me Ptolemy. I ka 1630, hele aku la i Roma ma kēia puke. Epekema i mau makahiki, e hana me ka censorship, e hele ae, e hoolaha i ka puke. Ma ka hopena, ka mea i hele mai i loko o Florence i loko o August 1632.

Ka lua o ka kaʻina

koke reacted i ka puke o ka puke, readable maʻEulopa hookolokoloia. I ka pau ana o 1632 Galileo kauoha e hele aku ai i Roma. Ke nä känaka 'epekema noi no ka postponement ku i kona maʻi a me ka wa elemakule. Akā, i kona noi koe unanswered. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1633 oia i lawe ia i Roma ma ka stretcher. Loko o ka mahina, āna i noho i loko o ka Tuscanʻelele, a laila, kipaku Galileo i loko o ka hale paʻahao o ka hoʻokolokoloʻia. A laila, he mau olelo hooweliweli o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana, renunciation koi, interrogations, a me kaʻino mea no ke kanaka noiʻi - i ka luku ana o kana mau hana. E hoapono ia ia i kona "ʻano o" mua Galileo lunakanawai pilikia. Ma hope o ka hookolokolo ana, i laweia mai ke nä känaka 'epekema a hiki i ka hoailona o St. Minerva, i, e kakau i ka renunciation a me na kanaka mihi ma luna o kona mau kuli.

nā makahiki

I ka 1637, Galileo Galilei, he pōkole Kawaihae i i kahiāuli i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua hala aku kona mau maka. Akā, ma mua ia, o ka nä känaka 'epekema e hoʻokele i ka hoʻopau i ka hana, hoʻolaʻa i kona piʻi like i loko o ka mahinaʻai o mechanics. Hana i kapaia "makemakika hoike a kamailio." Akä naÿe i ka "ʻano o" i loko o kēia puke i nā mea a pau i ho'ākāka 'ia me ina ka hoopaapaa me nā kākoʻo o Aristotle mea hou pili a me ka pono a hiki i ka apono o ka houʻepekema wale. Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o nā hoa o Galileo puke i ke ahiahi, i ka wa a ka noiʻi ola. He ua i kēia incredibly hauʻoli.

Galileo make i loko o kakahiaka 1642 i loko o ka Kauhale ma Arcetri. I ka 1732-ka m lepo nä känaka 'epekema hoouna ia Florence, a kanuʻia ihola ia i Michelangelo.

He holoʻokoʻa Kawaihae. Galileo Galiley ka wa pau ole kākauʻia kona inoa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka 'epekema. Eia hoi, ua haawi aku i kekahi mau mea e pili ana i keia kanaka noiʻi.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i Galileo Galilei

• I ka makahiki 1992, i ka Pope wehewehe i ke nä känaka 'epekema e like me ka maikaʻi loa physicist a hoikeia mihi e pili ana i ka'ōlelo ai i kona hope olelo. Ka mea, ua ka mua lehulehu hooiaioia mai o ka Waikikana e pili ana i ke kuapo o ka Honua a puni ka la.
• Hydrostatic Galileo unahi i komo i loko o ka luna elima loa maikaʻi loa hana, a i hoʻohana i loko o mākou manawa.
• Ka hopuna'ōlelo "A naʻe ka mea, aole loa e hookala mai!" I ke kanaka noiʻi loa i pane mai ai. Kēia nā kaʻao Ua invented e ka Italian kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa.