I invented ka mua: ke kukui a me ka aniani? Mōʻaukala o ka hana

I mea e pane i ka nīnau i i invented mua - i ke kukui a me ka aniani, mua nana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kukui, a laila glazed. A hoohalike. E ka hoomaka e luu i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na o ka ihoiho.

hou iho-kukui

People hoʻohana ihoiho like me ka malamalama kahi o ma kahi o 5000 makahiki. Oiai ka manaʻo nui ka mea, i loko o ko makou mau ola, e pololei pane i ka nīnau o ka wā i ke kukui i invented,ʻaʻohe kekahi hiki. Aia mau theories i ka mua kukui i invented i kahiko Aigupita ma kahi o 3000 makahiki BC. O ka holo ana, ka mea nana loa okoa, a me kekahi mau mai i keia la. Aigupita ihoiho i mai Kora naʻEsau ke kome,ʻohe i mālama i kekahi kukui i i muaʻona nō ma ka holoholona momona. Official hoomanao o kēia mau malamalama kumu pili a hiki i ka umi o kenekulia BC. A laila, ka mea, i ka helehelena o ka poʻe hewa, waiho i loko o ka ipu piha i flammable pāʻoihana. Mooolelo o ke kukui kahiko Romans hoʻomohala loa 'ike. Ka mea, ka hoʻoluli a laila kupenu iho la i loko o ka pāʻoihana o ke papyrus momona. Aie i ka mea i hapa o ka pāʻoihana noho ma luna o ka poʻe hewa, oia mālama wela. Ua kapaʻia kēia mau ihoiho i hooluuia, me ka hoʻohana 'ia lānai o nā hale a me ka hoʻomana pono, ka mea i laweʻia ma ke alanui. He ākea ihoiho la ma ka cheapness a me ka loaʻa nui o ka momona, no ka mea, ua ua hoʻohana no na kenekulia.

Moʻolelo i aku nei au i nā maikai ana i ihoiho mai improvised mea, a me nā mea kolo a mea kanu. China Ua i ihoiho mai olonā i loko o ka Tube o ka mānoanoa pepa, i malamaʻi, me he poe hewa i ka laiki pepa, mahuahua hui ai nā mea kolo. Japanese mahuahua kukui ua hanaʻia mai walnut laau.

Taper ihoiho

Pehea i hana ai i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kukui? I ka moolelo o ka pili ana ia pili i ka XV kenekulia. A hiki ia manawa, i kupenu iho la i ka ihoiho a pau. One inventor, ka mea i hānau i loko o Farani, invented ka tapered ihoiho, ua mahuahua ua nininiʻia i loko o ka ua pau punahelu. A laila, i auou caiaiai ka holoholona momona ma ka beeswax, oia paka emi, hou ke ahi a me ka honi maikaʻi. Naʻe, i ka lilo ana o kēia mau ihoiho ua nui kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o wale i ka ekalesia, a ma o ka home o ka aristocracy.

Other ano o ka hana ana i ihoiho

'Amelika nā wāhine ua i ka meaʻuʻuku akā, nui loaʻa loaa e hooloihi ae i hoʻolapalapa o kekahi berry mahuahua'ā pono, a he nani nōʻala. Eia naʻe, mai keia hana o ke kukui e laborious a me ka manawa e hoopau ana, ka mea, ua i hoʻomano i hoʻohana.

Ma ka XVIII kenekulia i ke kūpono 'ana o ke'ō koholā, hana, i ke aloha a hiki i a ihoiho i pākuʻi i ka hou kūpapakū - spermaceti. Kēia oily waiwai i loaa, mai ka piko o ke poo o ka sperm okohola. New ihoiho ua pūhaka, a oiʻoʻoleʻa, i ae ia lakou i ole maule i ka wela.

I ka moolelo o ka hana i alakaʻi ai i ke kukui hana

XIX kenekulia ua ka popoiwi wahi no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ihoiho. I ka 1820, he chemist mai France Mishel Shevrol anao? Aou stearicʻakika mai ka holoholona momona. A laila hele maila ka stearin ihoiho, a ua lilo ka paa, paakiki a me ka maemae aa ana. Mau ihoiho i mahalo a hiki i kēia lā i loko oʻEulopa.

Mea nui i loko o kā lākou mōʻaukala o ka inoa o Dzhozefa Morgana. He invented i kekahi mea ana i ka hoʻokino ihoiho hiki ke hua mai la i noke aku. Aie i ka neʻeʻana paukūʻolokaʻa Pistone kēiaʻano hana ma luna o kā lākou mau machines rake mai, mai ke kukui, ma hope o ka mea, i hooolea ana.

I ka makahiki 1850, ua hiki ke kaʻawale mai maoli ai 'iaʻaila kā waiwai, a mao ia. Ke'ī mai, ma o ka hana o ka ihoiho hoomaka ae la e hana paraffin. Kēia huahana ua wela cleanly a smoothly, ua ho'ēmi ma mua o nā combustibles, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka pilikia o ka haʻahaʻa heheʻe wahi ma hope paraffin i hoʻohuiʻia i loko o ka paa stearinʻakika.

I ka 1879, Thomas Edison invented ka incandescent ipukukui, a hoomaka ae la laila, i ka ihoiho e e hoʻohana hou no aesthetic hana.

kēia ihoiho

Ihoiho a pau i loko o ko mākou ola, a hiki i kēia lā me he hoanmike hehee ai, me he integral hapa o e pili ana i ka pilialoha lewa a me ka noonoo ana, e like me ke kiʻi a me ka nani souvenir. Onaona kukui, lei, nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku, a me kaʻahā like - a pau i kēia mea i loaʻa i keia la no kekahi.

Mai ka makahiki 1990, i ka hiʻona o ka ihoiho ua ulu hou, hoomaka ae la makou e nana i houʻano likeʻole o ka mahuahua no ka ihoiho: mai ka lāʻauʻaila, soya a me na mea e ae.

aniani

He aha ka aniani, i ike ia i na mea he nui, ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Aniani - he amorphous waiwai. Paa mea hiki ke loaa ma ka anuanu maila i ka oka a pau. A hailona no na mea a pau a puni mākou i i ke aniani, me ka ia, i ko kakou ola makemake ole e ai hōʻoluʻolu. Pehea i kanaka i hoʻohana i ka hana me ka aniani keleawe, glazed puka makani, nani aniani hue, leo hone a me ka malamalama mau kiaha? Ua 'oe a mau loa aku, manao iho la e pili ana i ka wā invented aniani? He 'atikala e ho'āʻo e, e pane ole wale ma kēia pukana, mākou e kekahi hoohalike a kālailai mea i invented mua - i ke kukui a me ka aniani.

Mōʻaukala o ke aniani

An hana hoihoi kuhiakau Ua manaoia oi kahiko Greek poe akeakamai a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Pliny ke kahiko. He palapala iho la i ka hana noa i ka ' "Natural History" i loko o ka mua kenekulia BC. ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Mōʻaukala o ke aniani me ka moolelo a ke kaʻao o nā waiwai kālepa kahiko.

Phoenician kālepa i lawe mai, mai Aferika, e ka moku maoli soda ma ka hikina kapakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua kai. I loko o ka huakaʻi hopu mai la lakou i ka ino, kūpono ai i loko o ka moku i hūnāʻia i loko o ka kokoke awa. Ua Ua hooholoia, e kali no ka maikaʻi ka ino ma ke kahakai. Huakaʻi ho'ā i ke ahi, ua hoʻoholo ihola e kukeʻana i kaʻai. Ka mea, ua huli no ia oe ke kau aku i ka nui ipu keleawe, akā, ma ka uka ua nele a me ka pono i ole i loaa i kekahi mea. A laila, i ka luina i ka moku nunui palaka o ka soda, a ua maikaʻi loa aku la no keia hana. I ke kakahiaka, o ka luina i loaʻa ma ke kahua o ke ahi i nā'āpana o ka ike mea. Penei, mai ka läÿau, o ka lehu a me ke one ma lalo kiʻekiʻe ana wela i hana aniani. Mōʻaukala o ka hana pinepine hana a me ka poe noonoo ole. Ke narrator, o ka papa, he loa hanohano kanaka, i ka mana mea hana hoihoi, akā, i ka mea oiaio?

I ka iwakalua kenekulia, ua hoʻoholo ihola e kaha i ka mana o Pliny. Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻokolohua pilikia. Ua huli mai ia i ke ahi mahana mea,ʻaʻole lawa ka mea e maule i ke aniani. A i ka wa a ka invented aniani? Ka mea, ua maopopo i ka mea i hanaia i loko o kaʻokoʻa i hoʻolilo 'ia a me nā kanaka.

Aniani kahikoʻAigupita

I ka ninau i i invented ma mua o ka kukui paha aniani, mea nō hamama, akā,ʻepekema manaʻo i nā o kēia mau discoveries no i ka Aigupita kahiko. Ka mea i i loaʻa i ka halekupapau o Aigupita, o Paraʻo mua aniani huahana, kona mau makahiki i oaeuiinoe i puni 9,000 makahiki. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ke aniani i invented ma ka ulia ka wā o ka läÿau, o ke one a me ka lehu haule iho la ia ma luna o ka maka Pottery mua ae hoʻolele. Paha o ka huahana ua poe noonoo ole, a i ole koi kūikawā noonoo, a, eia hoi, akaka pulu palolo mea e maʻalahi. Ma hope o ae hoʻolele, ka mea i hana i ka lahilahi aniani, ahu iho, a me ka noonoo haku ke nana ole ia. He hiki wale nō e ka pololei ka hopena. 5000 makahiki aku nei i loko oʻAigupita nō i ke aniani e nani ai, nā pōpō mau kīʻaha, a me ka 3000 makahiki aku nei, ua mua ikeia'ku aniani omole e hoahuʻala. Ka mua aniani, hanaia ma ka ke kanaka, ua he omaomao iki, a bluish no ka mea, ke one, he impurities.

Venetian aniani

Inā, aka, e e mälama, ia mea,ʻaʻole ke kanaka invented ke aniani, ka mea, ua hana maoli ia, ka wā ka mea, ua loaa ia ula-wela pele miliona, mai ka makahiki aku nei. Pela, ua hiki ke pane i ka nīnau i i invented mua - aniani a me ke kukui. E like me ke aniani, ikea wale, miliona o ka makahiki aku nei, ka mea i komo pū i loko o kekahi kanaka o ka ola nui mua ma mua o ihoiho. Ke aniani mua, ka mea i loaʻa ke kanaka ua i moakaka a me ka unclear, aneaneʻeleʻele. Ua Ua kapaia obsidian. A laila, o ka papa, i aoia hoi ke kanaka e hana i ka aniani iho.

I ka I ke kenekulia BC, kanaka i mua i ke discolor i ke aniani ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i manganese hoʻomaka' ana. No ka mea hana o ka mea aniani hoʻohana kūikawā paipu ma i ka mea i puhi aku ai. Oeaeo hookahi palapala i loaa nui hope. Ka mua aniani moakaka i lalo aniani i loaʻa i loko o Pompeii i na hanaʻeliʻana. Ma ka XIII kenekulia ka mea, i uaʻikeʻia maʻEulopa. Mai ia manawa ma Venice aniani? Iecaianoaaiiuo Ua laha. lawe hou'Ākia Eia kekahi laʻana mai Constantinople. Ua Venice aʻo e hana i na aniani, a hiki hou kona mäliko aie i ka hou o ke alakaʻi i loko o ka oka a pau.

All haku glassmakers i loa nui mahalo, ka mea, ua i hiki ae, e haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale, a no ka ho'āʻo ana e pakele ua hooweliweliia me ka make ka mea. A laila, i mea e pale aku i ka hōʻike 'ia' o ke kuai mea, ka mea i hoʻoholo, e hoolilo i ka pōʻeleʻele ma luna o Murano Island, i mea kokoke Venice. Mea aniani mai Murano ua nui loa kuaiia, i ka manawa. Ano, na ipu hiki ke ike i ka likeʻole Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha. Glassblowers hua indescribable nani vases, Sir, decanters a me ke olonā i Jewelry. I ia mau lā, i ke aniani 'ikamu he luxuries.

Ka hoʻohana o ke aniani

A laila kanaka a pau, Ua invented amalgam ka penaʻana. No laila, ua he aniani. Aniani i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kūkulu, nui pinepine me ka hoʻohana' ana o kona kukulu ana i na luakini. Nunui-nā pōpō i kohuia-aniani puka makani a me ka manawa e nani ai kā nui o ia. Aie i ka hiki ana i kekahi mau ano o ke aniani, e refract malamalama kukuna, hoomaka ae la maka aniani manufacturing e lilo i pono keia mau mea ma ka 'epekema. Kālaimeaola, lāʻau lapaʻau, kilohōkū - a pau lakou i nele i loko o ke aniani a me nā aniani kaulona.

Invented mua - he kukui paha aniani?

O ia ka leo pono, e ka hoʻoheleleʻi iho a me ka pohihihi mōʻaukala o ka muli a me ka hooulu ana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke aniani, e möakäka hou mea i kokua mai, e pane i ka nīnau. Ae, oiaio, i ke aniani iʻikeʻia ma mua o ka ihoiho, akā, i ka kiko'ī lā o nā discoveries mea ike ole ia a hiki i kēia manawa. Oiai mahalo no ka pono ikamu i hōʻike 'ana i ka Aigupita kahiko.