I ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks. Ke kumu no ka Bolsheviks hele mai i ka mana

I ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks, i ka lā o ka i coincided me ka lā o ka Great Okatoba SocialistʻOiʻenehana (November 7, 1917 ma ke kālā no kaila),ʻikeʻia i loko o ke kupulau o ia makahiki, he hanana hiki ole no na mea he nui i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Ka mea i keia lala o ka Social-kemokalaka Mai hooikaika Party, alai ae e VI Lenin aneane a na mahina hope loa o ke kipi,ʻo ia,ʻaʻole loa mahalo i ka nui papa i loko o ka malu o ka manawa.

Nā kumu o ka aoao pili aupuni o ka Bolsheviks

Ke ideological kumu o ka aoao originated i loko o ke kakahiaka 90s o ka 19th kenekulia i loko o ka papa o ka mea mua populists ka poe i hele aku i na kanaka, a ua ike i ka pilikia o ka peasantry, i makemake e Wehewehe i nā hāʻina ma ka'ano'ē redistribution o ka aina, me konohiki. Mau mahiʻai pilikia mau ae la oi ma mua o kekahi makahiki, a ma ka hapa alakai i ke ala hou ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks. I e pili ana me ka ole o ka populist kuhikuhi ana a me ka ho'ā hope o ka hana ka papa, i ka luna kahiko o Populism (Plekhanov, Zasulich, Axelrod listen'ōlelo.) Lawe ae la lakou ma ka hana o Western hakakā, hooponopono hou i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hoʻolālā, familiarized me na hana o Marx, a Engels a unuhi 'ia i loko o Lūkini, a hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala resettlement kumumanaʻo ola ma ke kumu o Rusia ka Marxist theories. Ka 'aoʻao Ua hoʻokumu i ka 1898, a ma ka 1903, i ka lua o ka Ahaolelo Lahui o ka neʻeʻana Wāwahi i Bolsheviks a me Mensheviks no ideological kumu.

About uprising moe o ka mea ma luna o kaʻumi makahiki

I ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks hoʻomākaukau kēia pae pili aupuni no ka lōʻihi manawa. Iloko o ke kipi ana o 1905-07. ka hui e hele ana i loko o London (Mensheviks - i loko o Geneva), kahi ia i hooholoia ma ka kaua uprising. I mau, mua i makemake ia manawa, e luku aku i ka tsarist aupuni ma ka hoʻolālā uprisings i loko o ka poʻe koa, (ma ka Black Sea'auwaʻa, ma Odessa) a me ke olonā wāwae o ka haʻawina'ōnaehana (i kapaʻia e lawe hoʻokomo kālā, mai kapa, a mai e uku i na auhau) ka Social Democrats pau. Ka mea, ua hoopakeleia lakou ma Lūkini mea kaua a me ka pōkā pahū (hui Krasin), hao aku au i kapa (Helsingfors Bank, 1906).

Ka mea, ua nele, e komo i ka oihana Aupuni

Bolsheviks hele mai ia ma luna o ka "kūhelu auwai a" Lūkini Aupuni i hanaʻia ma mua o ka kipi pilikia. Ka mea, 'auʻa laulā' na ke koho ana ma ka State Duma o ka mea mua, ua loaa i ka lua o ka poʻeʻuʻuku noho ma mua o ka Mensheviks (15 kulana). Bolsheviks i hookaulua pokole i loko o ka OA kino o ka aina, e like me na lala o ko lākou he mokuahana i hopu i loko o ka ho'āʻo 'ana e kipi i ke kōkua o ke St. Petersburg ka pā kaua. Ua hopuia All Duma lālā, mai ka Bolsheviks, a me ka Duma hoʻi o ka hālāwai mea hoʻoheheʻe.

Aha i olelo mua iaʻi Loaʻaʻia Lūkini Bolsheviks i hele mai i ka mana? Pokole e pili ana i keia hiki ke loaʻa i loko o na olelo hooholo o ka London (lima) aoao Ahaolelo, kahi o nā papa hana i ua aponoia ma ka 1907, "i kā mākou" a me ka "palena iki". Ka palena iki no Rusia i hoomakaukau i ka bourgeois kipi me ka hua'ōleloʻo o ka hana lā i 8 hora, i ka hoohioloia mai o ka autocracy, me ka paa o ke aupuni ke koho ana a me ka noho kauwa ole ana, me ka hoʻokomo 'ia' o kūloko ka hoʻoponopono-aupuni, ka haawi i ka pono o ka lāhui kanaka i ka pakiko-e manaʻo ai, i ke abolition o Nā uku hoʻopaʻia a me ka hoi ana mai o ka aina a hiki i na kauwaʻoki. Ke i kā mākou i loko o ka Russian aupuni a ua, e lawe wahi i ka proletarian kipi, a me ka hoʻololi i socialism me ka hoʻokumu o ka dictates o ka proletarian nā paʻi hua.

Ke kahua ma Rusia hana mau ia e ka wi ma hope o 1907. Ke kumu i ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ua hiki, ua i nā mea hoʻololi i ke alii ka o ia manawa i ole haawi nui hualoaʻa, ka agrarian nīnau i ole, ua hoʻonā, ka First World War, ma hope o ka make ma Tanennbergom i lawe mai ia i loko o ka mokuna o Rusia, a alakaʻi ai i hyperinflation, ka hoʻohuikau 'o ka lako hou i nā kūlanakauhale a me ka ai, pololi i loko o nā kauhale.

Ke decomposition o ka poe koa, ka pilina i ke kipi

Ke kaua pepehi ma kahi o 2 miliona. Koa a me kaʻaneʻane nō hoʻokahi miliona civilians, Ua laweia aku la oia i ka nui mobilization mai (15 miliona. People), no a ka nui kaumaha o ka haku mele kauwa, he nui no ka mea, a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni poe hana, i hele mai i ke kaua me ka manao no ka Social Revolutionaries manao e pili ana i noho kauwa landowners ka aina. Ka 'ia paha ua ai nui loa i na mea he nui e ole i hoohiki,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka patriotic hoʻonaʻauao. Akā, mau hoa o ka tsarist? Eia, he hana i loko o ka paipai 'ana i nā manaʻo i alakai aku ai i ka hoʻokō' ole 'ana o ka Cossacks a me ka poe koa, e uhi mahaloia hōʻike hoʻi i loko o 1915 - 1916 makahiki.

Ma ka Tsarist? Eia haʻalele mau kākoʻo

Kumu no ka hele ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks 'ole kekahi' ē pili aupuni ikaika i ka 1917 i manao ai, i ke tsarist? Eia i loko o nā ana, uaʻoi aku ko lākou nāwaliwali hoʻokele waiwai a politically. I ka Ia manawa 'ana ma Rotehama II paa i ka Hoʻokaʻawale kulana (ai ka nele o ka lawa' ike e pili ana i ka mea maoli moku'āina o ka mea). Ua haawi aku la, no ka mea hoike, i ka manawa i loko o Pepeluali 1917, e pani i ka Putilov hola a "nou ana" ma na alanui o St. Petersburg, ma kahi o 36 tausani kanaka, kekahi o ka poe e noho ana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻo o ka Bolsheviks, a hoomaka ae la e komo i loko o ka 'olohani e hana ma nā nā hale hana. Ke Auguseto i ka manawa ke ole e hilinai aku maluna o kona mau koa, e like me ka hapanui o kona mālama '-kaua haku mele' ana i make ma ke alo, a auou caiaiai mobilized koa o kekahi papa. E kū'ē i ke aliʻi, ua nui loa ka pili koa o ke aupuni, a, nae, aia i ka mea ia manawa i kū'ē i kekahi i kekahi, e like me kēlā me kēia 'aoʻao i kona iho moku'āina ulu papahana.

Mau manao i ka lanakila o ka Bolsheviks

Like no April 1917 he nui i manao ai i na Bolsheviks hele mai i ka mana mea,ʻaʻole e hiki, like me ka bulk o ka heluna kanaka, mahiʻai increasingly, kākoʻo i ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, industrialists i ko lakou aoao, ka intelligentsia - kā lākou iho, ma laila i kekahi mau poe e kākoʻo i ke aupuni mō'ī. Lenin ka April Theses i i loaʻa i ka pane i waena o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks a me na Bolsheviks i alakaʻi i kaumaha aku, e haawi aku i kūlana pale kulana ma luna o ke kaua, a no ka e maluhia (malia pono no keia Germany "i i nana ole", like Lenin hiki ma Petrograd ma kona mokuna ma ka hōʻailonaʻia kaʻa). No laila, i ke kumu no ka hele ana i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks a pau, i ka nui, a me kuwaho. Eia hou, i ka ia hoʻi i manaoia i ka noho male 'ana o ke Aupuni Kuikawa, a me ka hoolilo ana o ka mana a hiki i ka Soviets, a me ka nationalization o ka aina, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ke hoololiia i ke kua'āina ka noho' ana i i ole hui i ka hiʻona o Lenin mau kākoʻo.

pomaikai ole oe hoao

Bolsheviks hele mai i ka mana (1917) Ua ukali e hoao mai ana e alakaʻi i ka'āina i mua o November. Ma June o ka ia makahiki, ma ka First Ahaolelo Lahui o He hana i 'a me nā koa' lunakanawai (All-Russian), ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Bolsheviks i loko o ko lākou mau manaʻo nui e noho ana i loko o 'ekolu wahi i loko o ka Socialist kaiapuni. Ma ka Ahaolelo Lahui, nāʻelele, ua pale Lenin ka manaʻoi hāpai 'ia, e hoʻopau i ke kaua, a me ka abolition o ka? Ueony Aupuni. Eia naʻe, e mālama i ka manaʻo ia i ia manawa ma lalo o ka aoao o ka Bolsheviks mua e noho ana i loko o nā koa 'regiments, a me hoonoho ia ma Petrograd ka mua mīkini pu regiment (11, 3000 koa) a me ka Kronstadt luina o ka manuwa waihona ipu. Ke ole o ka aoao o Lenin ma ka oihana koa i hoʻolilo 'ia i alakaʻi ai i ka mea e, he mea kēia e lawe i ka Tauride Palace (na ke keʻena luna o ke Aupuni Kuikawa,) i ee aku i loko o July 1917. Kēia mau lā, i ka hale, hele mai i ka hana o ka Putilov hola, koa, na luina, akā, i ka hoʻolālā o "kūpono '" ua inoino i ka manaʻo o ka Bolsheviks ole. Kēia i kōkua ai i nāʻia kekahi hapa o ka Aupuni Kuikawa, ke Kuhina o ka Lunakanawai Pereverzev he manawa e hoomakaukau ai, a kāpili i ka nupepa ma ke kulanakauhale, kahi a Lenin a me kona mau hoa i ua imua like Kelemānia kiu i.

I ka loli ana o ke Aupuni a me ka pololei ka hopu

He aha nā kaʻina ua pu ma ke ala a hiki i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks? Makahiki o ka hana i ka Great OctoberʻOiʻenehana ua waiwai i loko o hanana likeʻole. Ma ka Akuma ka mea i ike i ka wahi aupuni hiki ole Makuakane me anarchy, no laila, i ke kahua o ka hou kino - ka mālama '-hale kanawai, ma a ka Bolsheviks i wale 1 \ 10 o na noho. I ka Ia manawa Lenin ka aoao Huipû hapa nui i loko o ka Soviets o nā kūlanakauhale, a me i ka 90% ma ka Petrograd, a ma kahi o 80% ma Moscow. Ua Ua kākoʻoʻia o nā koa 'Komite o na fronts Western a me ka Northern, a mawaena o na kauwa ia mea nō,ʻaʻole loa hanohano - ma ka waena o kua'āina Soviets ka Bolshevik lunakanawai i ole nei.

He aha ua koke ka Bolsheviks hele mai la i ka mana? Pokole hanana hoʻomohala like penei:

1. Ma October, Lenin malu hiki ma Petrograd, kahi i lilo ai, e paipai i ka hou uprising, mai kākoʻo ia, Kamenev a me Trotsky. I ka lua a me ke kaumaha, e kali no na olelo hooholo o ka Apana Ahaolelo Lahui o Soviets (All-Russian), hoʻopaʻa 'no ka 20, a hoolilo ma luna o' Okakopa 25 (kahiko kaila).
2. October 18, 1917 (e like me ka 'atikala. Style) i loko o ka pā kaua o Petrograd regiments i ka halawai ana, ma ka mea i manao e lawe mai i ka poe uprising e kū'ē i ke aupuni ina inā nāna ka Petrograd Soviet (kahi o ka Bolsheviks he 90% o ka balota). Five lā ma hope, i ka Bolsheviks hoʻoneʻe i ka pā kaua pā kaua. Ma kaʻaoʻao o ke Aupuni Kūikawā, he cadets o koa ahahui 'imi naʻauao a me nā kula o nā hae iho, hopena wahine ka poe, i ka Cossacks.
3. Ma 24 October ka Bolsheviks hopu mana i ka telegraph, ka nūhou 'oihana ma i kii mai Kronshtadt moku kaua. Ka mea, i ole e haawi i ka cadets o na uapo, e hoike mai.
4. Ma ka po o ka 24, e kauoha aku e hoʻopio i ke kikowaena oihana, ka State Bank, o ka Warsaw ku October 25 ka Bolsheviks, huli aku ke kikowaena mana lako o ke aupuni i na hale, e lawe mai i ka cruiser "holaKahua" i loko o ka Neva. Ma ke awakea, i ka "hoʻokahuli aupuni nā paʻi hua" hoʻopio i ka Mariinsky Palace. Hoʻopio i ka Winter Palace i i ke aumoe i ka po, ma hope o kona mālama '-kī pūʻana o nā pū o ka cruiser "holaKahua". At 2 hola 10 minuke 26 October Kuikawa Aupuni hookuu mai ai ia.

ʻOiʻenehana entailed mea ulu ma ka helu o nā mōhai

I ka hopena o ka hiki ana mai i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks i ā 'inoʻino kekahi i Rusia, e like me ka hopena o ka lanakila no ia, hele aku la i ka mana i loko o Petrograd (ʻaneʻane nō i loko o kona lilo, a me ke koe nae o ke Kulanakauhale Duma o Petrograd), he hou aupuni o ka Bolsheviks, alakaʻiʻia Lenin (ka' Aha o People ka Commissars). Akā, ka hapanui o lākou e kūʻole i ke aupuni, a alakai ai i ke kaua kūloko, ka hou'opi o ka hoʻokele waiwai, i alakai, i waena o Alia, i ka pololi a me ka mōhai lehulehu.