I ka make ana o ka Polovtsy Vladimir Monomakh. Owai ka Cumans

Ua piha o kekahi mau hanana i ka moolelo o Rusia. Kēlā me kēia o ko lākou haʻalele lākou mark i loko o ka hoomanao ana o na kanaka a pau. Kekahi o nā hanana ki a me ka popoiwi hele mai ai i ko makou mau lā, a ua maliu aku au iā a me ka pono i loko o ka lehulehu. E mālama i kou hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi, e hoomanao i ka lanakila nui a me ke 'ano laulā - keia mea he mea nui kela a me keia ano kanaka. Alii o Rusia i ole mau loaa i ka mea maikaʻi i loko o hua'ōlelo o kona hooponopono o ka Rus, akā, e ho'āʻo e lilo i kekahi 'ohana, a hui pūʻo nā mea a pau i ka olelo. Ka loa noho pilikia a me ka pilikia minute mau ikea kekahi kanaka nana i "i ka bipi kāne ma na pepeiaohao" a huli ae la i ka papa o ka moolelo ma ke ku pono ana i ka ao ao. I kekahi o kēia mau kanaka nui o Vladimir Monomakh, i ua nō noʻonoʻo nui ka aka i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia. He ua i ka hailona o eiiieaena koa, a mau Pahuhopu, pela oia i kākaʻikahi io i kaʻino ki ina hana like. Kona hana ua i nā kaʻa mokulele, ke ahonui a me ka naauao, i ae la ia ia, e hana i ke kuikahi ma waena o nā mākua, inaina aku la lakou kekahi i kekahi no ka makahiki. Eia hou, e hiki ole loaa hoʻolohe a me ka tālena o ke aliʻi, e kaua aku, no ka mea, Monomakh nā kaʻa mokulele pinepine hoʻopakele i ka Lūkini kaua mai ka lukuia'na. I ka make ana o ka Polovtsian Prince Vladimir manao mai i ka huna uuku au mamuli, a no ia mea, "pepe" i ka make māinoino ma Rusia.

Polovtsi: Introduction

Cumans, a polovchane, e like me ka mea i kapaʻia moʻolelo - he kanaka o Turkic ka molekumu o ka mea i alakai i ka nomadic ola. Kekahi mau kumu e haawi aku kekahi mau inoa ia: i loko o ka palapala Byzantine - Qom ma ka ¶ʻO'Araba-Peresia - Kipchak. Ka hoʻomaka o ka XI kenekulia aʻe no na kanaka o ka loa hoʻomāhuahua ai:ʻo ia i kipaku ai Pechenegs Torquay, a mai ka hikina o ka Volga, aʻo ia i noho ai i loko o kēia wahi. Naʻe, i loko o kēia poʻe komohewa i hoʻoholo ihola mākou,ʻaʻole e hooki, a kela aoao o ka Dnieper River, a laila, ana iho i na kapa o ke Danube. Pela lakou i lilo nona Great hehi, i'ō, mai ke Danube e Irtish. Lūkini kumu i keia wahi me ke kahua Polovtsian.

Iloko o ka hanaia'na o ke Gula iā Goga e hoʻokele i assimilate nui Polovtsy Mongols ana hoʻokō i kā lākou'ōlelo. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ua ma hope o ka'ōlelo (Kipchak) i ke kumu no na mea he nui' ōlelo (Tatar, Nogai, Kumyk a me Bashkir).

Kumu o ka makahiki

Ka hua'ōlelo "Cumans" o Old Russian o ia hoʻi, "melemele". He nui ka poeikohoia o na kanaka i loira lauoho, akā, ka hapanui o lakou, he mau elele o ka Europa lāhui me ka admixture o Mongoloid. Naʻe, kekahi kānakaʻepekema i aku nei au i ke kumu o ka inoa e hele mai, mai na kanaka ma kahi e pau ana - ke kahua. He nui aku, akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna mea i ike loea.

tribal kahua

I ka make ana o ka Polovtsy ua he manawa i kā lākou koa-kemokalaka kahua. Ka lahuikanaka a Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau genera. Kēlā me kēia poʻe i kona mau inoa - i ka inoa o ka alihi kaua. Mau hanau i hui me ka ohana, nana i hana ia iho kauhale a me nā kūlanakauhale-ka hooilo. Kēlā me kēiaʻohana i kona iho hui aina ma a ka mahiʻai. Aia ua hoi i liʻiliʻi a papa hana, e uwahi ana - o ka hui ana o kekahi mau ohana. Interestingly, ma ka umuahi e hiki ke ola ole wale Cumans, akā, nā lāhui kanaka, a me ka paʻipaʻiʻia ai e ia lŘlŘ maoli ai.

Ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana

E uwahi ana hui i mau poe a pau, a i alai ai e Khan. Na ali i ke kiekie loa ka mana i loko o ke kula. Kaawale mai kēia mau mea, he mau pū waeʻano e like me na kauwa a me convicts. No hoi o ka leo o ka mahele ana o na wahine i predispose ia i ke kauwa. Ka mea, i kapaʻia chagami. Convicts - he poe pio o ke kaua ka mea, ma ka mea, he hale kauwa. Ka mea, i ka hana oolea, aohe ana pono a me ka ua i ka haahaa loulou ma ka nohona hulili. He Koshev - nā luna o ka nui 'ohana. Ka ohana oia o koshey. Kēlā me kēia kosh mea he hookahiʻohana a me kona poe kauwa.

Waiwai, noʻu nō i loko o ke kaua, ua māheleʻia ma waena o nā luna o nā koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe a me ka hanohano. Ano o koa loaa hunahuna wale mai i ka papaaina o ka Haku. Ma ka hihia o ka pomaikai ole oe kai eʻe ke hele bankrupt, a hāʻule i loko o piha kaukaʻi ma luna o kekahi aliʻi Polovtsian.

kaua

Koa Polovtsian ua ma luna, a ua ike hoi ia ma ke kālā no ka noiʻi keia. Eia naʻe, ua mālama mōʻaukala a hiki i kēia lā,ʻaʻole mea nui hoike o ka Polovtsian koa. Anecdotally, e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona ola i ua koa mea i kekahi kanaka, a me keiki ka mea i hiki ia e lawe i ka pu. Kēia 'aʻole e lawe i ka nui o kona noho ana o ke ola kino, i lawa, a me ka hiki hou pilikino makemake. Akā, mahope mai o ia i ka mea i mau ma laila,ʻaʻohe kekahi i hoopiiia. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana i ka oihana koa mea Polovtsian Uaʻaʻole pono hoʻonohonoho, mai ke kumu mai. E aho e olelo aku i ka mea e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Byzantine moʻolelo i kākau ai e pili ana i ka mea i kaua mau kanaka me na kakaka, a me nā scimitars javelins.

Kēlā me kēia kanaka i kekahi paʻalole kapa e IeEeAUUXAAaO mea e pili ana i ke kaua. Ua ua i ka hipaʻili, a ua he anuanu a me ka hōʻoluʻolu. Interestingly, kēlā koa Polovtsian i kahi o 10 lio i kā lākou hoʻolilo.

Ke kumu nui ikaika o ka poʻe hao wale Polovtsian ua malamalama lio. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna hana, i kaua mai i ka poe koa a me ke kōkua o kana pahikaua, a me lassos. I kekahi mau mea ma hope ka mea, i ke kaumaha mea kaua. Mau koa komo kūikawā mahiole, kapa kila a me ka kaula kila. Naʻe, ka mea, ua pinepine i loa kaua weliweli e hou intimidate i ka enemi.

I ke kumukuai o i olelo ia o ka hoʻohana 'ana o Polovtsy kaumaha crossbows a me nā Helene, i ke ahi. I ka mea, a pau, aolie e aʻo i loko o ka lā, i ka wa e noho ana kokoke i ka Hawaiian. He mau kanaka i ka manawa kūpono e hanaʻaneʻane invincible no kekahi mau koa alakaʻi o ia manawa ke kaena ana o ka ike. Ka hoʻohana o Helene ahi na manawa he nui, i kokua mai Polovtsy pio a hiki i ka loa paa a me ka hoomalu kulanakauhale.

He waiwai e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka mea i ana i ka poe koa a lawa maneuverability. Akā, i ka pomaikai ma keia mea e hele mai ana i mea ole, no ka mea o ka mea haʻahaʻa ka mämä holo o ka neʻe o ka poʻe hao wale. Like a pau nomads, Polovtsy ua eo nui lanakila i ke aloha a hiki i ka pahikaua a me ka unexpected ho'āhewa wale ma luna o ka enemi, ambushes loa a me ka hoopunipuniʻoihana kaʻa. Lakou pinepine koho i ka mea o ka kaua mau kauhale uuku hoi, ka poe i makemake ole e hiki i ka hoʻolako i ka pono ia'ku, a hiki hou no laila, e lanakila Polovtsian. Naʻe, i ke kaua pinepine luku no ka mea, o ka mea i ole lawa ka 'oihana koa. Aʻo ana kaikaina uku nui loa noonoo. Aʻo i kekahi mau mākau hiki e wale nō i loko o ke kaua ma na papa hana i ka hana i ke akamai o primitive hakakā.

Russian-Polovtsian War

Russian-Polovtsian kaua i kapaʻia he moʻo lōʻihi o ka mea i kāna hana, a i hoʻokani e pili ana i ka hapalua o ke kenekulia. Kekahi o na kumu i ka hookui ana o ka ia kenekoa pono o na aoao elua, no ka mea, ua nomadic kanaka, ka poe i makemake e lanakila hou na aina i ka Cumans. Ka lua o ke kumu ua i Rusia i hele ana ma paakiki manawa o ka fragmentation, no laila kekahi luna ike Polovtsian allies, e kauoha ana ka huhu a me ka kāʻeoʻeo o nā Lūkini luna.

Ke kahua A ua kaumaha i ka wahi, ka mea, ua ole nae intervened Vladimir Monomakh, nana i hookomo i kona palapala pahuhopu ka unification o nā mea a pau i ka aina o Rus.

Hawaii ma ke kahua kaua Salnitsa

I ka 1103 i ka mua huakaʻi a hiki i ka nomadic kanaka i loko o ka wao nahele i paʻa Lūkini aliʻi. Ma ke ala, ma hope o ka pio ana o ka Polovtsy paa Dolobskogo Ahaolelo Lahui. I ka 1107 Lūkini poʻe hao wale i ana luku Bonyak a me Sharukan. Ka pomaikai, ho'āla aʻela i ka uhane o ke kipi a me ka lanakila i loko o nā koa Lūkini uhane, no laila, mua i ka 1109 Kiev Voevoda Dmitr Ivorovich puhi kaʻawale nui kauhale e uhi ana Polovtsian kokoke Donets.

nā kaʻa mokulele Monomakh

Ua mea waiwai i olelo ia i ka pio ana o ka Polovtsy (ka lā - March 27, 1111) i kekahi o ka mea mua i loko o ka papa inoa o nā anniversaries kēia Lūkini koa mōʻaukala. Ka lanakila Vladimira Monomaha a me nā aliʻi, he mau deliberate pili aupuni lanakila, a ua mamao-mau maka hopena. Russian maluna hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka pomaikai ma ka olelo o ka mea uaʻaneʻane nō kekahi a me ka hapalua.

I kēia lā, he nui ke kahaha nani loa pio Polovtsy ma a Haku lilo achievable? A nui a me ka invaluable na makana i ka kānaka apau i mākaukau Vladimira Monomaha, ka mea skillfully hoʻohana i kana makana me ka luna koa. He ua ia kekahi mau mea nui a me ke kapuai. Mua, oia ike i ka maikai kahiko rula, i hākālia nō i ia mea pono, e luku aku i kaʻenemi ma luna o kona mokuna, a he wahi koko. Ka lua,ʻo ia ana pili i ka amo nona iho o ka manawa, hiki 'eleu haawi o infantry koa i ke kaua, oiai e malama ana i ko lakou ikaika a me ka uhane. Ke kolu o ke kumu e manaʻo ma luna o nā kaʻa mokulele Monomakh i ka mea e hiki io e map rula, e loaa i ke kuko i ka lanakila - i puʻe wale na nomads e kaua i keia malie, i i ole ae ia e lawe piha pono o kona lio.

Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i nā kānaka apau i mākaukau wale o ka Haku. Vladimir Monomakh Polovtsy pio i manaʻo mai i ka mea huna uuku au mamuli, akā, e hoʻokō i ka manao, ka mea, ua pono e hoʻokō kokoke i ka hiki ole i! E hoʻomaka, ua plunge i loko o ka naʻau i loko o ka manawa: Rusia i ua shattered, i kā lākou mokuna o nā niho o nā aliʻi paʻa ma luna, kela mea keia mea i ku e i ka hana i loko o kona mau aoao, a me kela mea keia mea i manaoio ia wale oia mea pono. Eia naʻe Monomakh e hoʻokele i ka ohi, hoolaulea, a hui pu iho la i ka restive, hoolohe ole, a hoi naʻaupō kēia aliʻi. Hoi i noonoo ai i ka nui o ke akamai, ke ahonui a me ka makau ole ma ia mea i hiki i Haku, ia mea paakiki ... He io ia ia paena, ia paena a me ka pololei aneane e hiki somehow aloha ia i nā aliʻi. Ka hopena Ua loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ka mezhusobitsy hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Ua mea ma Dolobskom Ahaolelo Lahui i loaʻa walaʻauʻana ka hoʻomaopopo 'ana a me nā' aelike ma waena o nā aliʻi likeʻole.

I ka make ana o ka Polovtsy Monomakh i hang nei ma muli o ia ka mea i ka mea, e hoohuli i na nā aliʻi, e hana i serfs, i mea e hooikaika i ka poe koa. Mua,ʻaʻole e hiki malama, no ka mea, ua manao iho la e kaua wale combatants.

Ka make ma Salnitsa

Ke kai eʻe hoomaka ma ka lua o ka Lāpule o ke kālā. 111 February 26, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka pauʻahahui o nā aliʻi (Svjatopolka, o Davida a me Vladimir) alai ae i Sharukan. Interestingly, i ke kai eʻe o ka Lūkini koa i ukali pū ma ka himeni o ka mele, pu ia e ke kahuna a me nā keʻa. Mai keia, he nui noiʻi mōʻaukala o Rusia i manao ai, i ke kai eʻe i ke kea. Ua Ua manaoio aku i keia i kekahi deliberate papa o Monomakh e hoala morale, akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e hoopiha i ka poe koa, i ka mea hiki ke pepehi, a e lawe pio ia, no ke Akua ia olelo ia ia ia. I ka mea, Vladimir Monomakh huli ia i loko o ke kaua nui e kū'ē i ka Russian Polovtsy i loko o ke kaua pono no ka mea Orthodox manaoio.

Ma mua o ka kaua makahiki koa hele wale ma hope o 23 lā. Ke trek ua paʻakikī, akā, mahalo i ke kaua uhane, i nā mele, a me ka lawa ka helu o nā mea i ho'ākāka 'ana o ke kaua ua nani, a, no laila, i ka piha hakakāʻana makaukau. Ma ka lā 23 o ka poe koa i hele mai i na kapa o ka Seversky Donets.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana Sharukan hookuu mai ai ia me ka paio, a me ka loa koke - i ka 5th lā i ka hana ino ka hoʻopuniʻana. Kupa mohai aku komohewa ka waina a me ka iʻa - e like ka mailuilu haalele mea, akā, ua kuhikuhi mai la lakou mai ka poe kanaka 'aneʻi sedentary. I Lūkini NPGs puhi. Nā noho mau mea i lukuia, ua i nā inoa o nā Khan. Mau mea i ka mau kūlanakauhale, a kaua mai i ka poe koa i ka 1107, akā, laila, holo aku la Khan Sharukan ka loa o ke kaua, a me NPGs lilo i pio o ke kaua.

Kela manawa, ma March 24 i ka hua mua o ke kaua ma i polovtsy ua hoʻopuka kālā i kona ikaika a pau. Ua hanaia ma ka Donets. I ka make ana o ka Polovtsy Vladimir Monomakh i hope, i ka wa a ka kaua i wahi ma Salnitsa muliwai. Interestingly, ua piha i ka mahina. Kēia i ka lua a me ka loa importantly ke kaua nāʻaoʻaoʻelua i loko o i ka Lūkini lanakila mai.

Ka nui ua lilo 'o Lūkini ratyami Polovtsy, i ka lā o ka i ua uaʻike hoala i ka pau Kipchak kanaka, no ka mea, i ka la mahope, ua he nui laulā lanakila i loko o ke kaua. Ka mea, ua ike lea i ka lanakila, aka, hiki ole ke ku imua o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka pono a kui mai o ka Lūkini kaua. No na kanaka a me na poe koa lanakila Polovtsy Vladimir Monomakh loa kaʻoliʻoli, a me ka leʻaleʻa hanana ua, no ka mea, he? Iecaianoaaiiie maikai i loaa, i ka pio ana o na mea he nui wā e hiki mai kauā, a me ka hapanui importantly - ka lanakila i lanakila!

waiwai

I ka hopena o keia hanana ka nui o ko vivid. I ka make ana o ka Polovtsy (i ka makahiki 1111) i ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini-Polovtsian kaua. Ma hope o ke kaua Polovtsy manao wale koke ala a hiki i ka palena o ka Lūkini ko na'lii,. Interestingly, ka mea i hana ia ma hope o kona noho ana i loko o kekahi honua hele aku la Sviatopolk (mau makahiki ma hope o ke kaua). Eia naʻe Cumans hoʻokumu hui 'ana me ka hou Prince Vladimir. I ka 1116 Lūkini poʻe hao wale i kekahi hou kai eʻe ma luna o Polovtsy, a hoʻopio i ka kūlanakauhaleʻekolu. I ka hope loa ua lilo 'o ka Polovtsy wāwahi lākou morale, a me ka mea, koke hele i loko o ka hana o ke Keokia ke aliʻiʻo Dāvida i ka poʻe e uhau ana. Kipchak i ole pane i ka hope kai eʻe Lūkini ma mua o hoʻokūpaʻa kona hope hoole mai oia.

A mau makahiki ma hope, kena aku Monomakh Polovtsian Jaropolk huli no Don, akā,ʻaʻohe kekahi i laila.

kumu

He nui Lūkiniʻoihana aliʻi hai aku o keia hanana a i lilo i ki, a nui no ka lahuikanaka a pau. Ka make Polovtsev Vladimirom hoʻoikaika akula i kona mana, e like me kanaka ka manaoio ma ko lakou ikaika, a me ko lakou luna. I loko nō o ka mea i hapa o ke kaua o Salnitsa i hoakakaia ma na kumu, loa piha "kiʻi" o ka kaua hiki wale ke loaʻa i loko o ka Ipatiev Chronicle.

An loa nui hanana ua ka pio o ke Polovtsy. Rusia keia huli o nā hanana i hele mai i loko o mākaukau. A pau keia ua i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana Vladimira Monomaha. Pehea ka nui o ikehu a me ka manao ana i ua ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o ka mea, e hoola Rusia, mai keia mea hahau! E like me ka mea pono manaʻo ma luna o ka papa o ka hana holoʻokoʻa! He ike i ka Lūkini i mau hana me ka luahi, no ka mea, Polovtsy pepehi mua, a me ka heluna o Rusia ke wale hoomalu aku. Monomah ike iho la ia e mua kaua, no ka mea, ka mea hana i ke kanawai o ke kähähä, e like me unuhi mai koa i loko o ka hoomalu ana moku'āina ana aku ai, i mea oiʻano pākīkē, a ikaika i loko o ka huina kaumaha. Kona hoʻomaopopo i nā nomads hoomaka kā lākou huakaʻi i loko o ka makahiki hou, e like me iʻaneʻane ole pūʻali koa hele wāwae, i kauoha mai ai pio Polovtsy ma ka pau ana o ka hooilo, e hoonele ia i ka nui ikaika. Eia hou, e like i ka hoʻoneʻe i nā pono. Ka mea, e waiho ana ma ka oiaio i ka malie Polovtsian nele o ko lākou maneuverability, a i wale hikiʻole i loko o nā kūlana o ka hooilo i kekahi. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ke kaua o Salnitsa a me ka make Polovtsy i ka 1111 - ka mua nui ka lanakila a me ka manaʻo o ka wā kahiko Rusia, i ka i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI tālena Vladimira Monomaha.