Jaroslav Smelyakov (January 8, 1913 - November 27, 1972). Life a me ka Hana Hou o Soviet haku mele

Smelyakov Yaroslav Vasilevich i hānauʻia ma ka January 8, 1913 (December 26, 1912 Old Style) i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Lutsk, Volyn māhele 'āina, Ukraine.

Kona makua kāne i hana ma ke alahao weigher. Kona makuahine i kekahi homemaker, a i malama i na keiki (ekolu o lakou e noho ana i loko o kā lākou mauʻohana).

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

A lohe o Yaroslav ua ana o ka makahiki, i ka First World War. Ma keia manao, o ka 'ohana i haʻakoi e neʻe i loko me ka hoahanau i loko o ke kauhale. Aia ka mea, noho iho la i ka lōʻihi manawa. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ka ohana i noho ai i loko o Voronezh, kahi āna i noho ai i ola mai a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o ka mea e hiki mai anaʻumi makahiki.

Smelyakov makua kāne make i kakahiaka nui, ka wā Yaroslav i wale umikumamakahi makahiki oʻu.

I ka Ia manawa, i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele hele ai i ke kula, ehiku-makahiki ma Moscow, kahi āna i kikiʻo ke kaikuaana a me ke kaikuahine.

Ma ke kakahiaka nui me kanakolu Jaroslav nā kūlanaʻelua kula, a ma ka hana oihana loaa kōkua i PFZSH ( "Pai hola School") Lenin.

Ka mea, ua iho la ka poe i hookani i ka kūlana nunui ma ka shaping i ka wā e hiki mai o ke talena. Smelyakov hoʻowalewaleʻia kaiāulu hoihoi ola pai.

E like me ka compositor, ka haku mele ua loa ka haaheo i kona mau punahele hana - hana a me ka hana - nā.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka makakū ala

Ka puke o na hana mua i paʻaʻia e kona hoa - Vsevolodu Iordanskomu. Ua i ka mea kūpaʻa Smelyakov mea la oia i kana hana i loko o "ka ulu ana" Magazine.

Eia naʻe, e hele ana i loko o ka hale o ka hale paʻi, Jaroslav Smelyakov hui oihana puka a me ka hewa i ka poem a hiki i ka "October" oi hanohano a me ka nui, a ma ia manawa ua kaulana mawaena o'ōpiopio kanaka.

Ua 'āpono' ia ka hua o kana hana ana i ka ke kaha kiʻiʻana Komite, a paʻiʻia i loko o ka puke pai.

I 1932-1933 Yaroslav Smelyakov hookuu aku oia i kona mua i hoiliili ole, "hana, a Love" a me "poem"

Naʻe, i kekahi manawa ma hope,ʻo ia, a me ka helu o nā haku mele (Paulo Vasilyev, Boris Kornilov), lilo i luahi o ka denunciation wahahee, i mea typical no ia manawa, ua i ke kumu no ka hopu ana i ka koke me ka hookolokolo ana. Shrug lākou mau poʻohiwi 'āhewa' ana Jaroslav Smelyakov hiki wale i ka 1937. A lailaʻo ia i hookuu ia kakahiaka.

Up a ke kaua, ka haku mele hana i loko o ka oihana o ka no ka luna hoʻopuka likeʻole o ka reporter haʻawina, kākau ihola satires a me nā memo.

I loko o kēia wā i kākau ai i ka pōʻaiapuni "Crimean poetry", pinepine ae la oia paʻiʻia ma ka koʻikoʻi paʻi puke: "Literaturnaya Gazeta", "Young kiai", "Red Virgin lepo", etc.

Great Patriotic War

Ke outbreak o ke kaua Jaroslav Smelyakov Halawai ano o legkostrelkovoy lua o brigade ma ka akau, a me ka Karelian Front.

I Nowemapa 1941, i hoopuniia,ʻo ia, e like na mea he nui o na koa o kona poʻe, loaʻa i loko o Pinilana noho pio ana, ma ka mea e hiki mai ana, ekolu makahiki ka mea, ua hoʻi-ka uhaʻiʻana i ka hana i loko o ka merciless haku.

He noteworthy i oiai ma keia kulana, Smelyakov ke akamai nui huna makakū kūlana ma ia manawa mua i ke kaulana Lūkini haku mele.

Back ka hale o ka haku mele hiki wale i ka makahiki 1944, ka wā like me ka hopena o ka Armistice me Finland i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai, e loaa hou o ke pio.

Smelyakov kali i ka hopena o ka aneane i ka hookuuia Soviet pio -ʻo ia i hoouna aku ai i ka poe kaua ma ka "kānana".

Aia i mau theories like i kahi i loko o kēia wā ua Smelyakov. Ua ua ikeia e ia i hana i loko o ka lānahu ahi i koʻu kokoke Moscow, akā, he mea 'ike e pili ana i kona hōʻeaʻana i loko o ka hanalima kūlanakauhale Stalinogorsk (e - Novomoskovsk) Tula māhele' āina.

Ka postwar makahiki

Ma hope o ka makahiki kakaikahi i loko o ka hale paʻahao haku mele ke hele mai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana o kona hoaaloha maikaʻi Konstantin Simonov, ka mea literally pulls kaikaina mai ka oblivion.

I ka 1948, ua paʻi i ka mua kia-kaua ohi Smelyakov "Kremlinʻai", a komo i ka poem o na makahiki kaua.

Akā, i ka haku mele 'aʻole e noho lōʻihi ma luna o ka mea e wehe ai. Kela manawa, i ka 1951 i ka ike ole ia palapala iho la i ka denunciation o i i wahi i loko o ka hale Smelyakov papaʻaina-olelo.

Ma o ka haku mele i kau stigma o ka 58th 'atikala o ke karaima, Code o ka Soviet Union, e like me ka mea ana e e hoopaiia ma ke ano o ka iwakalua-kumamalima makahiki i loko o ka poe hoomoana.

Pela Smelyakov ke halawai me ka Arctic. Camp ola mea detrimental i ke ola o ka haku mele.

I ka makahiki 1956 ka mea, i wahi "Stalinization" ma lalo i na mea pio a haawi mai e pili ana. I ka noho kauwa ole ana la oia i hookuu ia, a Jaroslav Smelyakov. No laila, a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola, e hoomanao i ka lā "i loko o ka breech chap a me ka pea lākeke i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai."

A pau mahope makahiki o kona ola ana, ua pau i ka palapala, ai ka hana.

Iloko o keia manawa i ka haku mele i kumu kāki ekolu mau mekala, e like me ka State lua o ka USSR i ka makahiki 1967 a me ka makahiki 1968.

Smelyakov make iho la o November 27, 1972. kanu ma ka Novodevichem ilina ma Moscow.

Personal ola

Ka mua puke ma ka haku mele i ka hanaia i loko o 30 makahiki. Ua Ua pili me ka inoa o ka haku mele Margarity Aliger (kona kiʻi i hōʻike 'ia ma lalo nei, i laweʻia i loko o ka hapalua like-70s), a pu me Smelyakov hele i ka palapala, ai' ka laau palau.

Mea wahi i loko o kēia puke o ke apo no ka ihu i hāʻawi Smelyakov haku mele.

E like me Aliger ka wā o ka haku mele i hiki mai ai ka mea ino, i nalowale ke apo hookahi. No ka laʻana, i hiki mai ka wā Smelyakov ku i ka Pinilana pio.

Me Evdokia Vasilevna halawai mai la ia ma hope o ke kaua. Ua lilo i ka wahine mua a me ka mea ana i lawe ai i Jaroslav Smelyakov. Haku mele Evdokia i noho pu no elua makahiki: Smelyakov wahine hemo la, i kana wahine, e hoʻopale ai i kona, mai reprisals omoʻia ia. Mai keia mare ana he keiki a ka haku mele.

Ka lua o ka 'ohana, hana Smelyakov, hoao ia e oi hauoli. Kēia manawa, i ka wae ai kekahi i ka haku mele unuhi Tatiana Streshneva.

Haku mele Jaroslav Smelyakov, kona Kawaihae i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala, o ka io loea haku mele, "symbolic haku kahua", ka puu o ka i kulu maoli kaumaha a me ka weliweli Episode o ko mākou mōʻaukala.