Gnedich haku mele Nikolai Ivanovich: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - haku mele a me ka mea kākau, ka mea i noho ma ka aina ma ka huli ana o ka 18-19 kenekulia. Best ike no kona unuhi i loko o Russian o Homer ka "Iliad", ua koho ua lilo ia i maopopo kahi i loko o ka papa. About ke ola a me ka hopena o ka haku mele i ka hana, ke kūkākūkā i ka au mamuli o keia Haawina.

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich: A Kawaihae. kamaliʻi

I ka wā e hiki mai mea kākau i hānau i loko o Poltava, Pepeluali 2, 1784. Kona mau makua i hele mai, mai ka wa kahiko aliʻi lākou mauʻohana, aneane ana paha e ka manawa. Little Rotehama ka liu o kona makuwahine, a lailaʻo ia i aneane lilo i kona ola - puʻupuʻu ma ia mau lā i kekahi maʻi weliweli. Ia maʻi hoinoino maka Gnedich, a kaili ae la lakou i kona mau maka.

I ka makahiki 1793, i hoouna mai ai i ke keiki, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka Poltava Theological Kulanui. Elima makahiki ma hope, i ke kula, ua hoʻoholo e neʻe pū me nā haumāna i loko o Novomyrhorod mai Poltava. Akā, Ivan Petrovich, i ka makua kāne Gnedich, i kāna keiki, mai ke kula, a hoouna aku la i ka Kharkiv Collegium. I kēlā makahiki, i kēia kula i noʻonoʻo i ka loa 'ihiʻihi Ukrainian kula. Collegium wā e hiki mai haku mele puka 'o ia i ka 1800, a laila, neʻe akula i paʻa noho ma Moscow.

Eia ka mea a pau me he kahiko hoa Alexei Yunoshevskim i ka Gymnasium o Moscow University like boarders. Akā, i loko o kekahi mau mahina, e like me ke keiki i laila 'o ia i ka haumāna ma ka'āuna kumu o akeakamai, i kona puka' o ia mai ka 1802 o ka''he makahiki.

ka mua ka paʻi

I kona kulanui makahiki Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich i launa pu me nā lālā o ka launa palapala, ai 'Society, i komo pū A. Turgenev, Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. E like me ka mea haku mele i mau hoa me ka playwright N. Sandunova. I kēlā makahiki, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio mea hoihoi tiranoborcheskimi manaʻo, aie Schiller.

1802 Ua kaha maha no ka mea mua Gnedich e olioli loa makou i ka mea - i ka manawa mua i ka unuhi ua paʻiʻia. Ua ua i ka pōʻino, "Abyufar", i kākauʻia e ka Farani Jean Dyusisom. I ka Ia manawa, malamalama i ua paʻi no ka hana mua o ka mea kākau moʻolelo - ", Maurice, a me ka luahi o ka hoʻopaʻi" ka puke A makahiki ma hope, ma laila nō e nā unuhi Schiller - ka puke "Don Corrado de Ka Guerrero" a me ka pōʻino "kipi Fiesco."

Akā, i ke kala, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, hoʻomaka pai, ia mea nō,ʻaʻole lawa, no laila, manao e hoʻomau lākou mau haʻawina i e haʻalele. I ka 1802, ua neʻe i ka haku mele i St. Petersburg. Here oia loaʻa kūhelu i loko o ka Waihona Hoʻonaʻauao 'Oihana. Kēia wahi Gnedich e hoopaa a hiki i 1817.

A pau o kona hoʻokoe manawa mea kākau haawi haʻawina ma ka hale kiaka a me ka moʻokalaleo. Ma keia kahua, ua loaʻa nui i ka pomaikai, a me kekahi i ka ike o Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin a me kekahi wā e hiki mai Decembrists.

oihana

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich koke loaa notoriety he haku mele nui a me ka unuhi. Kēia kaulana wehe i ke alo o ia ma ka hale, a me na mea he nui kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe aliʻi o St. Petersburg, me ka Stroganov a me Olenin. Mahalo i ka patronage ana o na kanaka i ka mea kākau moʻolelo ma ka 1811, lilo i lâlâ o ka Academy, a laila, ua hoonohoia hale waihona puke o ka imperial Public Library, kahi, alai ae i ka Oihana o Helene moʻokalaleo.

Soon Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich mau hoapili me ka hihiu. Ka mea, i huiʻia me ka hoʻomaopopo like hoihoi i loko o ka hale kiaka a me ke ao kahiko. He nui ka mea a me ka kūhelu kulana o ka haku mele hoʻololi.

Ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau i loko o kēia mau makahiki o ka mea kākau devotes manawa e hana i loko o ka hale waihona puke. Ka 1819 ka mea, ua he keiki Kahua a pau o ka buke, a pau i loko o kona oihana, a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka kūikawā hoakaka. Eia hou kekahi, Gnedich pinepine horn ma ka waihona i hoiliili ole.

puke haul

I ke ola,ʻo ia ua naʻaupō a me ka ingenuous Gnedich NI Kawaihae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo mai nei i kana wale kuko ua moʻokalaleo a me ka puke. Ka mua kōkua iā ia e kiʻi i ka inoa o academician a me ke ano o State Councilor. Like no na buke, i ka Gnedich ohi i loko o kona kino ohi ana ma kahi o 1.250 pohihihi keia, a kekahi manawa hanana puke. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka haku mele, ka mea a pau hoʻoneʻe Poltava gymnasium kauoha hoʻi. Ma hope o ka kipi, buke e noho ana i loko o ka hale waihona puke o Poltava, a laila, ua haehae ae la i kekahi o ia mau mea a hiki i Kharkov.

I ka 1826 Gnedich i i hookoia ai ka inoa o ka like Member o ka St. Petersburg Academy o Sciences. Lifetime unuhi i nā hana o Voltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Maʻi a me ka make

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - haku mele maikaʻi, a deservedly kuaiia a hiki ma kona wā. Akā, i nā mea a pau i loko o kona ola ai rosy. Maʻi, a hoomaka iho la e like me ke keiki, i ole haʻalele iā ia. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo hele aku la kekahi mau manawa e e hana i loko o ka Caucasus, kaulana no ka mea pōhaku wai. Akā, e kōkua wale no i kekahi manawa. A ma ka 1830, maʻi worsened me ka hou ikaika, hui no hoi ia manawa, a me ka nui puʻu. Lapaʻau ma Moscowʻimi hoʻopunipuni mea pōhaku wai i ole ai. I loko nō o ka moku'āina o ke ola, i ka makahiki 1832 ua hiki ke hoomakaukau, a hoolaha aku i ka ohi "poem" i ka haku mele.

I ka makahiki 1833 o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i maʻi palū. Hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia kino hiki ole ke ku imua o ka hou maʻi, a me Pepeluali 3, makahiki 1833 i ka haku mele e make i ka makahiki o ka 49 makahiki. Ma keia manawa pōkole Kawaihae welau. Gnedich Rotehama Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o St. Petersburg Tikhvin pā ilina. I kona hele hope pu aku Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev a me nā koʻikoʻi nō ka palapala, ai na kii o ka manawa.

hanaia'na

Ma ka naau o na Lyrics mea kākau i mau i ka manaʻo o ke aupuni 'ē aku. Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich imi iho la e kolo `i ka maikaʻi o ka harmonious a me ka hana pono. Kona meʻe ua mau piha o ke kuko a me ka noho kauwa ole ana. Kēia ka mea i kena hoihoi nui me neia e ka haku mele Shakespeare, Ossian, a kahiko nō i loko o mau.

Homer mau huapalapala mea Gnedich epitome o ka'ōlohe wiwo kanaka a me patriarchal like. Kana hana kaulana loa lilo "Lawaiʻa", ma a ka mea kākau moʻolelo hui i ka Lūkini nā loina a me ka Homeric kaila. He mea känalua 'keia idyll ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea maikaʻi palapala hanaia'na Gnedich. ʻO Pushkin i loko o ka footnote i kā lākou mau "Evgeniyu Oneginu" ua'ōlelo kaula o keia huahana, i loko o ua hōʻikeʻano Petersburg keʻokeʻo po.

Mawaena o na hana o ka mea kākau mea e hoʻolako i nā kēia:

• "Beauty o Ossian."
• "Hokele kaʻahele".
• "Peruvian i ka Spaniard."
• "I ka Friend".
• "Ma o ka hale kupapau o ka makuahine."

"Iliad"

I ka 1807, oia i i ka unuhi ana i ka "Iliad" Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Nā poem Ua kākau i loko o hexameters, a ua kokoke ia i ka mua. Eia hou, ka mea, ua ka mua Lūkini pauku unuhi o Homer. Ka hana ana oi ma mua o 20 makahiki, a ma ka 1829 i ka piha unuhi i paʻiʻia. Mai hooikaika i he nui kaiapili-ka moʻomeheu a me ka poetic waiwai. Pushkin kapa ia "kiʻekiʻe feat."

Ke loa manaʻo o ka unuhi mai i Gnedich a hiki i kakahiaka kamaliʻi,ʻo ia heluhelu mua ia i ka hana o Homer. Mua ona, i hanaia keia ma na mea he nui kaulana moʻolelo, a me Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Akā,ʻaʻohe ho'āʻoʻana e hoʻokuʻikahi. Kēia moku'āina o ka mea i haawi mai ai hoolilo Gnedich a hiki hou kaumaha a me ka manaʻo nui.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Au i noho ai i ka nani kupaianaha ola Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i e haku wale o nā hanana hoihoi 'i loʻohia mai aiʻo ia:

• Olenin koke hoʻolauna Gnedich me ke kaulana a me ka maikai ke ano ma ka salons o ka Luna Nui Duchess Ana a me Empress Maria Feodorovna. Familiarity me kaʻaha i kuleana no ka haku mele. Mahalo iā ia ke kōkua i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i haawi mai i ka ola hoomau, no laila, ia ia i hiki i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona manawa a pau i ka unuhi "Iliad."
• Gnedich ua ka mea mua nana i hoomaka ae la e hoolaha poem nō opiopio a me ka ike ole Pushkin.
• Ka mea kākau moʻolelo Ua hookoia elua mau mekala no kona mau palapala, ai '' oihana - Vladimir IV degere a me Anna II degere.

I kēia lā,ʻo kēlā kanaka schoolchild ike ma ka mea a ua Rotehama Gnedich a me ka makana ia i ai i ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Aka hoi, ua mālama i kona inoa ma nā kenekulia, a ua no noʻonoʻo unbeatable ka "Iliad" unuhi.