Ka hoohehee maemae au ia o ke kala: ma ka hale

Currently, he nui loa ike ano o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, pono nā loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, a loko o ka hale. One ia iaoia o ka hoohehee maemae au ia, a nei hoʻohana wale nō i hana kūikawā hana o ka Palapala Sila Nui nā 'ike loea.

He aha ka hoohehee maemae au ia

Nui, i ka manawa "hoohehee maemae au ia" 'o ia hoʻi ka loaa ana i ka metala o kiʻekiʻe maemae ma ka moʻo o nā kaʻina hana, e wehe i impurities. Kēia kaʻina ua hana ia ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, kela mea keia mea o ka i pili kekahi physico-Nine Inch ki ina hana like o ke kaawale ana o, keakea e waiwai. Pinepine i loko o ia ke ala hoomaemae mea maikai i eliiaʻi.

Ka maka mea no affinirovaniya ma keia hihia e ia i ka Jewelry hamoʻia, "kālā hua" slurry ma hope uila hoomaemae ana o ka waiwai a me ka schlich gula.

kala hoohehee maemae au ia

Pinepine, ua huikalaia i iaoiaeii ua hoʻohana 'ia e paka kiʻekiʻe-kaha kālā. I mau, ke kaʻina hana mea i okoa mai like kaʻina lawe mai no ka mea'ē aʻe aliʻi, ferrous a ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia. No ka laʻana, ka mea hoohehee maemae au ia o ke gula a me ke kala a me kekahi o ka platinum ke hooheheeia e ia i ka ia. Wale i loko o kekahi mau hihia i ke kaʻina hana oko.

Aoao o ka hoohehee maemae au ia

Ma aaioee kālā hoohehee maemae au ia 'enehana poe i ekolu ano o - ka metala i e ua holoiʻia o nā impurities, Nine Inch, a electrolytic kupelirovannym hana. Kākaʻikahi ka wehe ka liki ole chlorine. Ke koho ana o epekema mea aie a hiki i ka nui o ke kala, ua malamaia lakou nei, a me kona ano. Ua i ke ano a me ka hiʻona o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina.

Pehea e koho i ke ala

No ka kiʻekiʻe-papa kālā initially pili electrolytic hoohehee maemae au ia. Maʻamau, ka wā ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia hana, he mea he kela la i keia auaiaea. Electrolysis kōkua loaa loaʻa kekahi ka pololei i ke kālā ma muli o ka'okesaside-ka ho'ēmiʻana AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma a na impurities e komo mai i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana.

Ma ka hihia kahi Argentum waiho i loko o ka palapala o ka pāʻoihana (insoluble sulphates a me chlorides), ka loa ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pono paha o ka Nine Inch metala palapala moʻopane (i loko o kekahi mau wahi, i hiki - electrochemical) hana.

Base oka a pinepine hookaawale hoʻohana cupellation - i keia hihia, e hoomahuahua i ka maemae o ka easiest ukuhiia.

cupellation hana

No kēiaʻano pono hoohehee maemae au ia umu ahi chashepodobnyh (ahi mea o loko) ipu hoʻoheheʻe. Ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻina hoʻohana ke alakaʻi i kekahi mahele heheʻe i ka i kala ua oxidized ma ke alo o ka oxygen. All contaminating waiwai, a me'ūheheʻe, ua kaawale ia mai ka hanohano metala, e haawi ana ia i ka pili maemae: ka oka a mea gula, a me ka platinum ohana ke hooheheeia.

E lawe mai hoohehee maemae au ia umu ahi preheat koi 'ia. Ua hoonoho iho la iiaie oaoieei kēpau-kala ukuhiia, i ka wela a piha ka heheʻe. I ka umu ahi holo ea kahe ia kumu'okesaside o kahi o na eiiiiiaiou. Ma ka pau 'ana o ka wela lapaau i ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe ua wehe', a ninini i loko o ka hopena he.

Loko o ka umu ahi ua hoalaala ia me ka marl - he 'ano o ka lepo, waiwai ma ka limestone, a me ka ua i ka porous' ole. Ua absorbs kēpau oxides i hanaʻia i hoohehee maemae au ia, e like me ka mea hope kamaʻilioʻana i ka evaporate ka wā paku ole ia i ea pele. Ma ka OAAIeOO, ma hope o ka'okesaside o impurities, ka oka a loaa me ka iridescent anuenue ili honua. I ka mea ńlua i loko o ka läÿau, mea he kukui kālā alohilohi, i Hōʻike affinirovaniya paʻaʻana.

Cupellation noʻonoʻo i ka ino hoʻomaʻemaʻe 'ana i kūpono' ana i ka mea i ole loaʻa piha ku okoa ana mai ka impurities: a pau aliʻi ke hooheheeia ma ka oka a koe ma ka wahi. Ka hoohehee maemae au ia o ke gula, ke kala, a me ka platinum pae ke hooheheeia no ko lakou kaawale ana, ua hanaʻia e nā ki ina hana like.

electrolysis hana

Electrolysis affinirovaniya like me ka hana i hana ma ka waʻa ike paka i lolouila papa: anode kaʻina i ua hoʻohaumiaʻia i ke kālā apana nahaha waiho i loko o ke kieke, ka cathode - ka a lahilahi i hanaʻia o ka ole-corrosive kila. ʻO nā uila aʻa lolo i bapetizo i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻiaʻana metala nitrate pāʻoihana (lehulehu o Ion - 50 mg / ml) i huiia nitricʻakika ma ka pa apŘ o 1.5 g. / L, a me ka uilaʻikena ua hala.

Ke anode mauʻeke e hele undissolved apana o ke kala, e like me haumia ea. Ke cathode makahiki maʻemaʻe hāpana ohi ia ma ka microcrystalline palapala. Ka buke o ka hookuu kālā i ala hou i ka 'ē aʻe kaupoku o ka'ōnaehana i hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka pōkole kaapuni. I ole ia ke kulana, ua mahuahua mea pōaka koena ma lalo o hookonokono ana pāʻoihana oblamyvayutsya laua cathode nā uila aʻa lolo kokoke i ka wahi. Ke kūpono kālā Ua loaʻa hou me ka precipitate, a laila, hoolei aku i loko o ingots. He nui e puku i ka electrolyte i ka manawa, no laila, ua ina ka huikala Ua makana like keleawe, ma hope o ka mea e pono ai kaʻina e hoʻomaka kona palapala moʻopane ma luna o ka hanohano metala cathode.

Inā ke kālā kākoʻo pāʻoihana hoi me ka electrochemical halepaahao, e like me ka loa ka hoʻokō hana no ka electrolytic kaawale ana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ke anode hiki e graphite paha-corrosive (oka a), he cathode - kuhiliʻole kila. Hoʻopilikia i loko o ka hehee ai ua hoonoho ia i oi aku mamua o 2 V. ka naoh iho ua lawe mai a pau i ke kālā palapala moʻopane.

Nine Inch hoohehee maemae au ia

Kala Hiki ke wehe 'ia ma ka Nine Inch i kūpono ka paʻakai pāʻoihana a me colloids. He He multistage kaʻina. No ka mea kaʻina hana i koi 'ia o ka paʻakai sulfite, ho onui ana o ka hoonohonoho hou naoh i me ka houʻeleʻele precipitate aliʻi metala paakai wahi. I pau i ka naoh, ke kūpono pāʻoihana ua ninini sal ammoniac ('amoniuma koloriside) a me ka paʻakai. I ka läÿau, kikiʻo a maopopo fractional kaawale ana - pono e hana turbid a me ka aniani moakaka loa. Kala ua waihoia ua noʻonoʻo piha ina ka hou hoike o ka paʻakaiʻaʻole e hoʻomoe ana turbidity.

Aia he mau ano o ka hoʻokaʻawale o ke gula metala koloriside - maloo a me ka pulu.

Ke kalepona papa hana no ka hoʻokaʻawale o kala koloriside

Kēiaʻano hana komo ai ka loaa ana maemae kala koloriside mai ka maloʻo - he waiwai hui i ka equilibrium dala o ka paʻakai kalepona. Ka loaa läÿau, ua hahana loa ipu hoʻoheheʻe (koi 'ia e hoʻopiha i ke kiaha wale hapalua kahi aie i mahuahua ka leo ma muli o ke kinoea evolution). Ma ka pau 'ana o ke kahua o yiaeaiiacaaeneiie huahana o ke kaʻina hana o ka mehana, ae hiki aku nā loina e pono ai no ka noho mālie kuʻi nukeliu.

Ma hope o anuanu kala ua loaʻa hou, a ua hoolilo i ka hou-smelting, ma hope i ka huina hoonui hiki ke noʻonoʻo pau. Noke wahi hiki ia i ka mea i ka oaoieei-soda i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka moku'āina o ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE pomaikai o keia hana o Nine Inch hoohehee maemae au ia o kona māmā holo.

Ka loaa hana o kala koloriside e auaaeaiea

E loaa ke kala mai i ka pāʻoihana e lawe kekahi e puhi ia o reagents - sulfuricʻakika e kiniki a me ka hao a me ka paakai o ka ia i eliiaʻi, me Aluminum.

Ke koloriside meakino hoʻolauna kekahi o na kumu mua. I ka mea kūpono slurry i ninini koho 'ʻakika ma ka lehulehu o 0.2 nuipa a hapa. Ka hoʻokuʻi i ka pāʻoihana e ia i loko o kekahi, ma ke kaōhiʻana i ka nui o ka naoh a refilling mea kaupaona ma kona paʻaʻana. A qualitative PAaIEN o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma keia hihia o ke koho ana o hydrogen - kinoea pohaku e e hua mai la i ka manawa o ka piha noho male 'ana o ka metala a nalowaleʻakika (kona hokii ke hooia ia anakahi pepa).

Hoʻokaʻawale o ke kālā paakai ua pau, i ka'ōnaehana i ke aka i like ke alakai. Mahope,ʻakika ua hou a hiki i ka pāʻoihana e hoohuli i ke koe hakina AND ke hooheheeia (ka hapanui hana lima wehe). Koe he lepo lā i nā puke (kapaʻia kekahi kālā i ka lepo pipili) ua ua holoiʻia me ka wai i puhi ia, maloo a smelted.

chlorine hoohehee maemae au ia

Ka papa hana ua ma muli o ka mea mahuʻi i ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi kala a me ka chlorine e reacted i loko o ka lewa wikiwiki ke gula, a me ka platinum ohana hehee wale. Ua apono 'e hookaawale i ka la mahope mai ka waiwai hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia (i loko o ka' ike loea hou o ka hoohehee maemae au ia kaʻina hana o ka hapanui manawa-e hoopau ana kaawale ana o ka mea maikai oka a).

Kuʻu Home I kii i ke gula i loko o ka palapala o ka chlorine kinoea ua hala ma. Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN hoʻomaka me ka huikala hehee wale hanohano type, laila, e puka mai ke kālā, a hiki a laila koho 'ē i kūpono affinirovaniya ma ka hui palapala. Chlorides i loko o ka läÿau, e ala ana i ka ili aie i ka mea haʻahaʻa nuʻa Ua hoʻohālikelike ka paʻakai me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Hoohehee maemae au ia i loko o nā hihia

Ma ka hihia o ke keleawe i loko o kala huikala rationally olelo ole o ka oka a pau, a me nā mea huihuina o ke hooheheeia (hiki ke poe i loko o ka palapala o? Inoaia). A laila, nitric a me ka sulfuric nāʻakika hiki e ia ka pono i loko o ka waihona ipu metala. Kiaʻana i kāna waiwai hoʻohana 'ia i loko o cold- ole wela (naoh i kela hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ia).

E wehe i ke kālā wahi me ka huina hoonui läÿau, Ua enaena ma luna o ka waiʻona kukui a me ka wai auau. Ma ke anawela ma lalo 50-60 degere mea hiki ke hoʻohana aniani a porcelain kēia mea kūʻai. Ma ke ano ki ina hana hiki ke maheleia brushing metala me nikala, ke tina a me ke kēpau.

Ka hoohehee maemae au ia ana o ke kala ma ka hale

A pau i nā kiʻina hana i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, theoretically pono no ka hale hana i loko o ka loaʻa nui o kūikawā lako a pan a me ka hoao ana. Beginners ho'āʻo electrolytic iaoia mea maikaʻi. Nō kāu, hoohehee maemae au ia ua lawe mai i loko o ia i ka aoao o ka hui 'ana i ke kālā.

Ke Kaʻina Hana, he 3 mau kapuwai. He mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ke kālā i loko o nitricʻakika, a me kona cementing alloying a me ka hoohehee maemae au ia 'ana me ke kala electrolysis kumu i loko o ka hale.

Noho male 'nitricʻakika

Kala nitrate ua hoʻomākaukau koke ihola nō i loko o ka pau kaʻina - ana ia 50 nā huna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia no hano o'ūheheʻe (hiʻohiʻona e loaa 32 g. O ka hamoʻia mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o 80 g. O hydrogenated naikokene'okesaside V). Diluteʻakika koi 'ia ma ka like ka lākiō. Me ka wai, a ho'āla i ke aniani kookoo. Hoohehee maemae au ia hiki e lawe mai ma ka hoʻohuihui i ke kālā nitrate 'amoniuma nitrate electrolyte (naoh meakino me ka emi o 7) e loaa i ka ia HNO3. I ka mea kūpono pāʻoihana i hoʻohuiʻia nā'āpana o ke kālā. I ka läÿau, E e haʻalele no 10-11 hola, e like me ka hoʻololi metala ma ka wehe e: aole e hiki koke mai. Paha kokololio koho ulaula-eleele kinoea. Inā ka pāʻoihana i bluish paha he omaomao iki tinge, ia Hōʻike i ke alo o ka hao impurities a vitriol. Ka hoohehee maemae au ia o ke kālā a me nitricʻakika ua loaa maikaʻi ia, pili i hookohu aku i mea kahi e.

Wehe lepo pipili kala

I ka läÿau, i huiia i ke keleawe kī no ka pohupani hale naoh me ke kala. Kokoke koke ma luna o ka ili o ka ulaula aliʻi metala hoʻomaka e precipitate, a e e kekahi manawa e lulu i ka pāʻoihana e hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana. Inā nā lāʻau kī i loa ia ka pono, e pono e puku ia me ka hou poʻe. Ma hope o ka naoh i loko o keia hihia ua manaoia e ke anuanu maila i ka pāʻoihana a me kona kaawale ana i loko o fractional serebryanotsementnuyu a bluish wai a hapa.

'oʻoleʻa

E hookaawale i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, mai ka pāʻoihana ua noi funnel a me ka Kānana pepa. Ma ka ipu me ka pela i hoomakaukau i ka lepo pipili Blend pāʻoihana: keleawe paakai kahe ana ma ka pale o ka parchment a me ke kālā i koe ma luna o kaʻili kai. Hope nō koi 5 manawa e kaka ana i puhi ia i ka wai.

Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana mea paha i ke alo o kekahi mau dala o ke koena, he kālā. E extract i ke keleawe paakai ua pākuʻi e precipitate paʻakai ka bata.

Kala lepo pipili no dries. Ke kuʻi nukeliu ua hana i loko o ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe, no ka hoʻohana a i mea e hana me ka maemae hāpana ua i manaoia. Wela i ka hāpana kōā kaulike, e pale i ka pono o ka ua nui ke kala, a me oxidized lepo. He hiki ke hui aku i ka mahele heheʻe i ka 'ilikai ua (baking soda) a me ka borax i hui pūʻia i loko o like huliāmahi - ma luna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia' ole i ka mea glassy Auana mea i malama i ka poho.

Ke kūpono i nā puke o ka haʻahaʻa-papa. No kona hou hoʻokolokolo pono, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ua koi 'ia e lawe mai electrolysis o ke kala. Hoohehee maemae au ia, ma keia hihia i ma ka papa hana mua i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna - ia mea kupono e maule i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka pellets.

ulia Kāohi

He mea nui i ka lumi i ka luawai-ventilated. E like me ka hoomaluia mai, he mīkina lima, he bathrobe a me ka hele auanei makaaniani. E pale splashingʻakika i loko o ka wai ua hou a hiki i ke kiaʻana i kāna iho, aʻaʻole hope versa. Awina HNO3 pānaʻi naoh o ka loa paʻa ano ma i, e lawe mai hoohehee maemae au ia kālā. 'amoniuma nitrate ua hui ia ma keia hihia me ka electrolyte (ka naoh meakino mea emi o 7). Mea aniani E ke kulana kupono no ka ia'ku i ka wela, me kaʻina wela ke oi aku mamua o 100 degere. Ua piha ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana ma i oi aku mamua o kekahi hapakolu o ka moku, e pale aku splashingʻakika.

hualoaʻa

Ka hoohehee maemae au ia o ke kālā mea,ʻaʻole he paakiki hana i loko o ke alo o ka papa mākaukau a me ka lako a pan. Inā 'oe e malama i ka maluhia ana o ke e lawe mai ia mea i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua.

E loaa i ka lani kiekie loa metala hāpana i ua noi electrolytic hoohehee maemae au ia o ke kālā i loko o ka hale, no ka mea, i kēia iaoia minimizes ka pilikia o impurities komo ma ka hoʻohana o kaʻikena.