Ka inoa o ka mokulele. Mea Maluna o ka mokulele, o ko lakou ano a me nā 'ano apau loa

Maunakea mōʻaukala ike nui loa helu o ka lele lako a pan o acee? Iuo oeiia a me nāʻano. All mokulele inoa i olelo lealea, e like papa. Naʻe, ke kumu o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike hoopuniia loa maoli. E ka aʻo pehea e e mokulele Mea Maluna, kā lākou mau hoailona ia mea, ano, inoa i noʻonoʻo.

inoa

E ka lawe i ka nana i ka papa o ka inoa o ka papa kuhikuhiE haole mokulele Manufacturers ma ke kaʻina pī'āpā. I ka papa e hōʻike mai ana i ka e na lehulehu, a hoopau.

• Aérospatiale (France).
• Airbus (eu).
• Boeing (US).
• Pelekāne Aerospace (UK).
• Pelekāne mokulele (United Kingdom).
• Heinkel (Germany).
• Junkers (Germany).
• McDonnell Douglas (USA).
• Messerschmitt (Germany).

Inoa i loko o ke Kaʻina mokulele hua mai la i loko o ka USSR, a kia-Soviet'āina, i ma lalo iho:

• An (Antonov).
• A (Polikarpov).
• Yl (Iliushin).
• La (Lavochkin).
• LaGG (Lavochkin, Gorbunov, Gudkov).
• Lee (Lisunov).
• MIG (Mikoyan a me Gurevich).
• By (Polikarpov).
• Cy (maloo).
• Li (Tupolev).
• Yak (Yakovlev).

Pehea e classify na Kekoa?

Mua o nā mea a pau, huli mai mea mea na Kekoa. hiki ke'ōlelo i ka inoa o ka lele 'ana i kūpono e pili ana i na mea he nui, akā, i ka Mea Maluna, e hai mai ia makou aku. E like me ka mokulele ua hoʻolaha? Hana ia ma ke kēia mea kiko'î:

• i ka mākaʻikaʻi;
• māmā;
• I waena o kiko'ī;
• kikokiko i kiko'ī;
• kikokiko i kaʻa;
• ke kaupaona;
• helu o nā'ēheu;
• fuselage nui;
• ano o ka'ōnaehana;
• palapala takeoff.

Ano, e kūkākūkā mākou i kekahi o kēia mau kumu ma ka hou au mamuli.

Mea Maluna ma ka manao

Ua Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka loa, he pono ole. No keia anakahi, a pau mokulele deyalsya i loko o nā nui ano: kaua a me ka sīwila. Eia hou, kēlā i kēia mau pūʻulu laila ponoi mahele i loko o liʻiliʻi waeʻano.

I kulike ai me ka hana i ho'ākāka 'hana o ka warplanes hoʻolaha i loko o ka kēia kāna mau' ōlelo waeʻano: bomber, interceptor mokulele, ea ikaika, pepehi Kekoa, koa amo moku, kinai-Bombers a me scouts.

Na Kanawai maunakea no ka holo i na mea maalea, ua māheleʻia i loko o ka kēia waeʻano: ohua, mahiʻai aina, amo, lāʻau kū, mana, a pela aku ...

Bombers

Ke bomber hana mea e eo ai i ka manao o ka i mea ma luna o ka honua. Ka mea, ke hana ia ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i hopeʻia a me nā Kao lele lako kaua.

Ano, e ka loaʻa mai i nā inoa o nā koa mokulele. I waena o bomber ke hoomaopopo ia mau ana hoʻohālike wahi lulu manufacturing: SU-24, Li-160, SU-34. Iloko o ka Apana World War nanea i ka kūikawā kaulana wahi lulu bomber Pe-2. Akā, ka mea mua i ke kapa i ke kaulana "Ilya Muromets" - ka hanaia'na o ka nui poʻe akamai Igorya Sikorskogo. Kēia mokuna i aku no ka manawa mua i loko o ka lewa me ke kakahiaka nui me 1913. Ma ka First World War au ka mea i hoohuliia mai i loko o ka bomber. Mokulele "Ilya Muromets" i kekahi hoʻohana i ke Kanawai ke Kaua.

Iwaena o na kaa hiki e hookoaia laekahi 'Amelika Bombers Northrop B-2 Uhane, XB-70 Valkyrie, Rockwell B-1 Lancer, B-2, B-52 Stratofortress, US-i Kekoa 30s Boeing B-17 a me Martin B- 10 Kelemānia Bombers iloko o ka lua o ka honua kaua, Junkers Ju 86 a me Heinkel He 111.

ikaika

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o kēia mau mea i mea e luku mokulele a me nā mea i loko o ka lewa.

Names o ka ikaika akamai ma luna o nā luna hoʻolale mau mea, hoi, e olelo aku i ka puu. Loa ike Soviet kumu hoʻohālike o ke Kaua Honua II - lagg-3, I-15 bis, Mig-3, I-16, I-153, Yak-1. Ma ka mea hookahi au i lanakila honua kaulana Kelemānia Bf.109 Kekoa, Bf.110 a me FW 190, e like me kū'ē Me.262, Me.163 Komet a He 162 Volksjager.

Mawaena o ka Soviet ikaika ma hope manawa e e i MiG-31, SU-27 a me MiG-29. Currently, ua piha ka lani me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Lūkini mokulele. Ko lakou mau inoa i maopopo loa i loko o ke akamai mokulele. Kēia hanauna o ka poʻe kaua 4 ++ SU-35 a me MiG-35.

Contemporary 'Amelika Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i anao? Aou mua-hanauna kinai i loko o ke ao nei heluʻelima ka Boeing F-22, e like me ka mua ho F-4 a me F-15 aeto.

Kinai-bomber

Ka mea, hui pu iho la ka mana o ka mau waeʻano mua o ka mokulele mākou i hoakakaia. Oia hoi, luku like makani a me ka lepo pale.

Ka mua kinai-Bombers i manaoia German Me.262, he Hoʻololi 'kükohu o ka Beritania kinai Supermarine Spitfire, De Havilland Mosquito, a me ka Soviet Yak-9.

Mawaena o ka mea kēia mokulele hēkī mokulele Pono e līkaia wahi lulu MiG-23B a me SU-17M a me MiG-27 a me ka Amelika kükohu F-105.

interceptors

Ka mea, eia he okoa subspecies o ka ikaika, ke hoʻololi e lukuʻenemi Bombers. Haʻaleleʻike mau kinai mokulele, ka mea, ua lako pono ia me ka ikaika Radar lako a pan.

Iwaena o Soviet interceptor ike mokulele kēia inoa: SU-15, SU-9, Li-128, Yak-28, Mig-25. 'Amelika Ke Ana Hoʻohālike hiki ke koho F-16 a me F-14 Grumman. Nō hoʻi ka honua kaulana Japanese mokulele Mitsubishi F-2 a me ka Beritania interceptor Panavia Tornado ADV.

stormtroopers

Kā lākou hana mea e kākoʻo aina koa me ka lewa.

Ka loa kaulana World War II-au pepehi mokulele e manaoia Kekoa IL-2 a me IL-10. I ka Ia manawa, i like loa me ka hoa paio nakeke noi HS 129 a me Ju 87. I waena o ka laekahi kaua mokulele e e anao? Aou i ka inoa SU-25 mokulele, F / A-18, A-10.

Koa amo kaa

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka oihana koa amo mokulele o ka haawi ana o koa ukana a me nā limahana.

Mokulele o keia ano, i mea a ianoiyuaa a ma o ka hana o ka Russian Hui na puali koa i IL-76, HE-26, HE-124, a HE-12. I waena o 'Amelika analogues e līkaia Douglas YC-15, Boeing C-17, Boeing C-97 a me Boeing E-8.

ohua Kekoa

Review o na Kanawai maunakea Ke Ana Hoʻohālike, e hoʻomaka ana me ia. Kēiaʻano o ka lewa kaa, e like me ka inoa hoʻohuʻu, ke hoʻololi i ka lawe ohua.

Ka mea mua? Iecaianoaaiiuo mokulele i transporting civilians, noʻonoʻo i ka mea hookahi hale "Ilya Muromets", i i hoohuliiaʻi i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma lalo o ka bomber. Kona mua holo ana mai St. Petersburg a hiki i Kiev me umikumamaono ohuaʻo ia i hoʻi i ka 1914.

Ka loa hanohano airliner no ka wa e ola ana o ka mokulele ua manaoia e lilo i ka pa alima Amelika Douglas DC-3 mokulele i ka lele mua hoʻi i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli. Kula Kaiapuni 'o ka hoʻololi' ana i hoʻohana i kēia lā. No ka laʻana, Sovietʻano o ka mokulele ua Li-2.

Ma luna o nā Kekoa mua i ho'ākāka 'ia ma. Ka inoa o ka nui nā kānaka hoʻokūkū ma ka makeke o ka ohua mokulele - Boeing a me Airbus.

"Boeing"

Ka 'Amelika poʻe Boeing hele mai hoʻi i loko o ka mamao 1916. No ka mea, a laila ka mea, ua manufacturing mokulele, kuhikuhi no kivila maunakea, eia nae he mea i koa amo kŘkohu. Ka loa kaulana inoa o ka ohua mokulele poe - Boeing 737, Boeing 747, Boeing 747-8, Boeing 777 a me Boeing 787.

I ka mua o ka mea ma luna o Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i kuu i ka makahiki 1968, a me ka lā, o ka loa nunui o nā mea a pau ohua mokulele. Boeing 747 hua mai la i ka makahiki ma hope, mea he paionia i waena o widebody airliners. Boeing 747-8 - ohua mokulele me ka nui loa. He Ua hookuu i ka 2010. I kēia lā i ke kuai i ka nui loa ohua mokulele Boeing 777 loaa nuipa a hua mai la hope o 1994. Na Hou Loa ho o ka hui i ka manawa - Boeing 787 2009 makahiki o ka honua nei.

"Airbus"

E like me ka olelo mua, i ka papa kuhikuhiE enemi Boeing i loko o ke ao nei market o ka Europa Hookah Airbus, ka oihana Central ua ke aupuni 'o Farani. Mea, ua hookumuia nui ma hope ma mua o kona American enemi - i ka makahiki 1970. Ka loa kaulana inoa o ka hui mokulele - A300, A320, A380 a me ka A350 XWB.

Hookuu i loko o ka makahiki 1972, ka A300 o ka mua, he akea-kino mokulele ma nā kiko'ī. Ma ka A320 i ka 1988 o ka hana mua-uea ke ano o ka'ōnaehana i ua noi i loko o ke ao nei. A380, a pana aku la ia i loko o ka lani, no ka manawa mua loa i ka 2005, o ka mea nui i loko o ke ao nei. He mea hiki ke lawe i ka moku i ai i kona 480 ohua. Na Hou Loa ulu o ka A350 XWB. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hana ua i paʻi ia me ka mua, kuu Boeing 787. A me keia hana ana Makuakane ka airliner, obohodya kona enemi ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka hoʻokōʻana.

Ke Soviet ohua Kekoa

Ma ka kohu kūpono 'ilikai a me ka ia i na poe e ka Soviet ohua mokulele oihana puolo. Ka hapa nui o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike - o ka mokulele "Aeroflot". Ka inoa o ka nui ahi: Li, Il, An a me Yak.

Ka mua wahi lulu mokulele hēkī airliner ua hookuu i ka 1955, ka Li-104. Li-154, ka mua lawe-aku i i wahi i loko o ka makahiki 1972, ua noʻonoʻo i ka loa papakaukau Soviet ea ohua pa alima. Li-144 1968 ÷ makahiki ua loaa ia kaʻao kūlana like me ka honua i ka airliner mua, a i kauoha aku e wawahi i ka leo o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. He hiki hiki ka mämä holo o ka mai i 2,5 tausani. Km / h, a me keia mooolelo i ka manawa ua i kuʻiʻia. Ma ka manawa, i ka hope hana kumu hoʻohālike o ka airliner hoʻomohalaʻia Tupolev Design Buro, he Li-204 1990 ÷ ka makahiki, e like me ka pono me ka hooponopono hou ana o ka Li-214.

Maoli ai, heʻokoʻa Li loaʻa nō nā Kekoa "Aeroflot". Ka inoa o ka loa hanohano: IL-18, IL-114, IL-103, An-24, An-28, Yak-40 a me Yak-42.

Airliners nā'āina

Ma waho o ka luna, he mau pepeiaohao nui Ke Ana Hoʻohālike a me nā Manufacturers o ka ohua mokulele.

Pelekāne airliner De Havilland Comet, i kuu i ka 1949, ka mea, o ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ao nei mokulele hēkī airliner. Fame loaa Franco-Beritania Concorde airliner, papahana i ka makahiki 1969. He hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala mililani aku i ka oiaio i mea i ka lua o ka holomua hoao (ma hope o ka Li-144) e pili ana i ka supersonic ohua mokulele. A nō kēia mau mokulele i loko o keia manao, ua kū hoʻokahi, like loa me i kekahi'ē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻokuʻu pono no ka nuipa a ka hanaʻino airliner, hiki no ka holo wikiwiki ma mua o ke kani.

transporters

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao amo mokulele o ka halihali ana i ka waiwai ma lōʻihi mamao.

Mawaena o na machines o kēiaʻano mea pono e hoʻokohu 'ia i ka Western Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka ohua mokulele Hoʻololi' ma lalo o ka amo e pono ai: Douglas HI-11F, ka Airbus A330-200F, ka Airbus A300-600ST a me Boeing 747-8F.

Akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka amo mokulele ua lilo kaulana Soviet, a me ka manawa o ka Ukrainian Antonov Design Buro inoa. Ua produces jets i mau pepehi hou i ke ao nei mooolelo no ka hana: HE-22, 1965 (nona iho - 60 m), RU-124 1984 (nona iho - 120 tons), HE-1988 225 g. (253 mea ma luna o ka moku, 8 m). Latest kükohu e pili ana i ua ole i ua uhaʻi mooolelo payloads. Eia hou kekahi, ia? Oaony e hoʻohana i ka lawe aku i ka Soviet makahiki moku ahikao "Buran", akā, i i hoʻokō i ka papahana, a me ka'opi o ka USSR.

Ma ka Russian Hui, a pau mea,ʻaʻole pēlā rosy me ka amo mokulele. Nā inoa o nā Lūkini mokulele e like penei: IL-76, IL-112 a me IL-214. Akā, no ka pilikia o ia ka IL-76 hua mai la i keia la? Ac? I ka Soviet au, i ka makahiki 1971, a me ke koena e hoʻolalaʻo e hoʻomaka wale ma ka 2017.

Mahiai mokulele

Aia mau mokulele, kona hana nā lawelawe nā mahinaʻai me nā pesticides, herbicides a me nā Nine Inch. Kēiaʻano o ka mokulele lako a pan i kapaia o ka mahiʻai.

Mai Soviet Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o kēia mau mea iʻikeʻia a hiki i ka U-2 a me HE-2, i mea ku pono i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'noi ua popularly ike like "maize".

Unit Speed

Ma waho aʻeo i ka Mea Maluna o ka mokulele no na manao hana o oukou, a mākou i aʻo ai au mamuli luna, ma laila i nāʻano o nā aliʻi kiʻekiʻe mai. Kēia nā ka Mea Maluna o ka holo māmā. Ma ke kumu o ka mokulele e māheleʻia i loko o ka kēia waeʻano: subsonic, transonic mokulele, supersonic a me ka hypersonic mokulele.

Ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī i ka ike i ka subsonic mokulele neʻe lohi kani. Transonic mokulele lele i ka mämä holo kokoke e sonic, supersonic lanakila i ke kani ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, a me ka hypersonic oi aku i kēia huahelu oi aku Elima oʻu hahau ana.

Ma ka manawa, i ka wikiwiki i loko o ke ao nei o kekahi mana hypersonic mīkini mai o ka US X-43A i ka 2001. He hiki ke kiʻi mai e oia i 11.200 km / h. Ma ka lua o ka wahi, i kona compatriot X-15, ua hookuu ia hoʻi i loko o ka mamao 1959. I ka mämä holo o ka 7273 km / h. Inā mākou kamailio ole e pili ana i ka mana i hoʻomākaukauʻia, akā, no ka poʻe airplanes i hana kekahi hana, alaila, he mea i ka Poʻokela Honua i ka M.-71 American, hiki ke kūkulu i ka mämä holo i ka 3530 km / h. ka supersonic MiG-25 E e anao? aou mawaena wahi lulu kaa. Kona i kā mākou uku o ka holo hiki a hiki i ka 3000 km / h.

Ka ohua mokulele me ka mämä holo na mea i nui loa. I kēia lā puka elua wale supersonic airliner: na wahi lulu Li-144 (1968), a me ka Franco-Pelekānia Concorde (1969). Ka mua o kēia mau mea, e hoʻoikaika i kiʻekiʻe-māmā hana o ka mai i 2,5 tausani. Km / h, i mea he mooolelo ia o kivila maunakea, akā, o ka mokulele o nā hookohu mea wale nō i ka umi o ka wahi. It E e kaulana no hoi ia ma ka manawa ka mea, aole kekahi o ka supersonic airliner, a i Ua ma ana mai o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka Li-144 hōʻole i hiki hoʻi i ka makahiki 1978, a me ka pono o Concorde i pani i ka 2003.

Hypersonic ohua mokulele loa ola. Eia naʻe, e loaʻa nō kekahi mau hana, nā wahi lulu, a me na haole i manao ai? Anoa no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hypersonic mokulele. Iwaena o lakou, i ka loa kaulana i ka Europa ZEHST. Ka mokulele Ua hiki mai o ka mämä holo i ka 5.0 tausani. Km / h, akā, i ka manawa o kona hanaia'na unclear. Ma Rusia, he mea mau ia mau papahana - Li-244 a me Li-444, akā, ma ka manawa i nā paʻahau mea.

Other ano o ka Mea Maluna

E like me ka helu ana o kiko'ī mai mokulele malaila HEN, mai hoʻokahiʻanuʻu e dvenadtsatidvigatelnyh.

E like me ke 'ano o ka engine airplanes e māheleʻia i loko o ka penei waeʻano: me ka uila Hawaii, kuʻe, turboprop, mokulele hēkī, rocket, e like me machines me ka hui engine.

Byʻano kaʻa Mea Maluna o ka mokulele i loko o ka ia: huila, Ski, hovercraft, crawler, lana, amphibian. Maoli ai, o ka loa e like me ka mau mokulele me ka huila hale kaʻa.

Ma ke kaupaona ana o ka mokulele e māheleʻia i loko o superlogkie, malamalama kaa, meakino-ke kaupaonaʻana mokulele, kaumaha a me ka Naha Pōhaku kaumaha.

E like me ka helu ana o na eheu o ka olelo o ka hoemi i ko lakou helu, ua māheleʻia mokulele i loko o polyplane, triplane, biplanes, monoplanes a me polutoraplany.

Aia mea no hoi i ka Mea Maluna e like me ka nui o ka fuselage: hookahi-aisle a me kona laula-kino.

Managementʻano Mea Maluna mokulele māheleʻia i loko o manned a unmanned Honolulu kaa.

Ke kinona o nā mea a pau i ka mokulele lawe-ae la i hiki ke maheleia i na kēia waeʻano: vertical lawe-aku, ana papamoe, a me ka pōkole.

'ano

Ua ike makou i ka mea he Mea Maluna o ka mokuleleʻAno, ano, inoa i hookolokolo aku la ia. E like me 'oe ke ike, ka mea hōʻike he nui loa ka helu o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike a me kekahi oihana, a i loa kekahi mau hoakaka. Ke ao nei o ka maunakea mea maoli versatile, a me kekahi hōʻike eʻaʻole hōʻike mea a pau ma luna o kona kuleana.

Aka hoi, he mau manaʻo, ke i ma kēia pukana hiki, e wehewehe i ka loa kaulana airplanes komo i loko o ka moʻolelo. Ano a me ka inoa, hoʻowahāwahā helu nui lākou, nō anei hoonohonoho i kekahi alanui, e möakäka hou i ka pā o ke kumuhana.