Ka Karakum waonahele (Turkmenistan): hōʻike, hiʻona, aniau a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Sandy waonahele o Karakum (Turkmenistan) o ka lua ma Central Asia a me kekahi o ka mea nui ma ka Honua. Kona ?? eoi? Mea nui. Kēia ¾ mau mea ma Turkmenistan. Where o ka Karakum wao nahele? Ua uhi he wahi aia ma waena o ka? Uyie aa? O Karabil Vanhyza a me Kopetdag ma ka hema, e like me ka pono me ka Khorezm kai i loko o ka'ākau hapa o ka aina. Ma ka hikina ia kona palena ma ka ?? eoi? O ke awawa o ka Amu Darya, a ma ke komohana - a me ka moe o Uzboi.

Tilly

Karakum - wao nahele o Asia, Hohola aneane 800 ei ma na laua, a 450 ei ma ka Melekiana. Ke iauae ieiuaae o ke one kahakai, ua oi aku mamua o ekolu haneri a me kanalima kuea kilomika. Ua aku i ka nui o nā'āina, e like Italy, a me ka UK. He hana hoihoi 'e hoohalike i ka Karakum waonahele me ka like maoli me ka ho okumu. Turkmen Sand Sea ua aia i loko o ka nui papa inoa. Ka poe i makemake e ike i ka wao nahele mea hou - ka Kalahari a me ka Karakum, i kona waiwai e hali ana i ka manaʻo i ke kahua maoli o Africa Ua kokoke alua like nui. Kona wahi o 600 kapuaʻi kuea kilomika.

Ke Karakum waonahele mea like i loko o kona'āina, 'ā' ole, ka lepo a me ka mea kanu. Ma keia manao, ua māheleʻia ka mea, ka noiʻi i loko o South-Hikina, ke awāwa (Central) a me Zaunguz (North) ciia. Kēia ekolu mau māhele o ka wao naheleʻike i kekahi i kekahi me Kinohi, malie rula, a me ke degere o ka papa hana.

North Karakum

Zaunguz o ka Turkmen one kahakai o ka loa kahiko, 'ā' ole. ʻepekema, i ke kahua o ka Northern Karakums hanaia oi ma mua o ka miliona makahiki aku nei. He ka loa ke kiekie hapa o ka ?? eoi? Ee, mimiki ma luna o ke koena o 40-50 kilomika. Kēia hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, oia ke kumu e kahea North Karakum wao nahele plateau. Naʻe, i kēia mea pololei ole, no ka compartmentalization nui nui o ka ciia ma a ka kyry - meridionally elongated one kualono, hiki ke kiekie o 80-100 m, ma waena o i i lelo, kāwaha.

Groundwater 'ia ma ka'ākau Kara Kum, ka hapanui palemo iho. Ua Aʻole 'ae' piha ana o kaʻikepili kahi no wahi eʻai ai. Eia hou, i ka kūloko aniau mea nui oi loa ma mua i loko o ka cii'ē aʻeʻelua.

Mai kaʻaoʻao kūkulu'ākau-komohana o ka Karakum Zaunguz palena kŘpa a pono-malamaia kahiko riverbed o ke West Uzbaya. Ma ka hema o keia ua wao nahele āpana ua oki ae la i ka poohiwi, ke kiekie o ka i loli aʻe mai ka 60 a hiki i 160 mau mika. Kēia curving lei Shorov, takyrs a me ka one paipu hiki o ka Amu Darya a me ke komohana mai i Uzboi. About pehea i hana ai i kēia mau pohihihi emi mea ike ole ia a hiki i kēia manawa. E like me kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, i ka maka o ka uplift Zaunguz i hanaʻia ma muli o i ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka paʻakai, i luli, a me ka luku aku i ka kūlohelohe pohaku. Other noiʻi i? Aaei i kēia'āina mea kahiko, wahi ola makou mahope o ka moe o ka Amu Darya.

South-Hawaiian, a Central Karakum

Mau mau mea i haʻahaʻa, a me ka kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka laulā mai ka 50 a hiki i 200 m. Where waonahele Karakums höʻike mai kekahi ciia i kekahi, ua i ikeia. Aia hoʻi, ka mokuna ma waena o kēia mau wahi i Ua loa conditional. Akā, Kû ke ia ma ka Railroad Tendzhen-Chardzhou.

E like me kona panorama o South-hikina, a Central Karakum ia oko a mai ka Northern pāpū ma ka 'ole. Kēia, a me ka alo i loko o kēia mau mea waiwai makahiki-a kula mai, a he nui freshwater pūnāwai ae i oi mālama nui ana o ia mau mea i loko o oicyenoaaiiie hua'ōlelo. Ka hooulu ana o kēia mau mau mea ka poʻea pau i ka manawa kŘpa a lōʻihi me ka hau kahi kokoke i nui na kulanakauhale, a me ka kiʻekiʻe nui o ka maikaʻi mahana.

aniau

He aha ka ke Karakum? He nui ?? eoi? I loko i loaʻa, Ua lena fluctuations o ka lewa nā paʻi hua diurnal ana wela. I mau, ke aniau o ka wao nahele e pili ana i ka Hawaiian. A, o ka awelika January ana wela i loko o ka akau ua palapala i puni hua elima degere, a ma ka hema - hoʻohui ekolu. I o Iulai, i ka wela punohu ma ka 28 i ka 34 degere. Akā, he aha ka hana hoihoi. Aie i ka mea i kela la fluctuations o lewa Karakum Desert i kekahi o ka mea ikaika ma luna o ka Honua. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i loko o ke ao, ma na mea he nui o kona wahi ana wela e pii ai i ka hua hoʻohui kanalima degere, a ma luna. Like no me ka lepo, a laila ka mea, i ka mea oi aku lalana ana ia ia. I kekahi manawa, i ke one mahana ihoiho kanawalu degere.

Winter no ka Karakum Desert ua wehewehe aku e loa aiʻaihueʻia. Ma keia manawa ma luna o ka wahi a one kahakai ana wela kulu ma lalo he kanakolu degere.

Like no ke kimu ole, ka mea, ua nui loa hiki ole no ia. Iloko o ka makahiki, i ke kūkulu'ākau o ka wao nahele lākou helu kīnā 60 mm o, a ma ka hema - 150 mm o. Ka loa ke anuenue manawa i loko o ka wao nahele Karakum o ka wā mai o Novemaba a hiki i April. I keia manawa ka mea, hina no he kanahiku pakeneka o ka makahiki kimu.

Kumu o ka inoa

I unuhi 'ia mai ka' ōlelo Turkmen "Kara-Kum" 'o ia hoʻi "oneʻeleʻele". Akā, i ka inoa, aole ia e hoʻopili like i ka oiaio. i ke Karakum wao nahele o ke oneʻeleʻele i. I ka inoa o keia maoli ho okumu, loa paha no i ka mea i ua uhiia kanaiwa-kumamalima pakeneka o kona mokuna ma kekahi aoao ai kekahi i kanu, a ma ke kauwela haalele i kona uliuli waihoʻoluʻu. Ka i koe, elima hapahaneri o ka wao nahele - puʻu one ma waena. Lākou mau inoa i loko o ka Turkmen kani e like "Ah-kum". I unuhi 'ia, ka mea,' o ia hoʻi "keʻokeʻo one".

Aia i kekahi mana o ke kumu o ka inoa o ka Turkmen wao nahele. ʻepekema, i ka hua'ōlelo "ʻeleʻele" mea hoʻokahi wale nō symbolic, a 'o ia hoʻi,' aʻole hakuloli i ka ke ola, i wahiʻenemi i ka ke kanaka.

hulikoehana discoveries

E like me ka noiʻi, i nohoiaʻi ka Karakum waonahele ma kānaka, a hiki hoʻi i ka ha o Ka Wā Kaukani BC. Ka Luna Hooponopono o na ohana kahiko i ua loaa ma kaʻepekema ma ka Oasis kokoke ka aaeuoa o ka ole? Ueony Murghab River. kanaka ka ?? eoi?, a ma hope kenekulia kēia paena o Laielohelohe. A hiki i ka pau ana o ke kolu o Ka Wā Kaukani BC, ka wā i nui ele ele mai Helene a hiki i India i pūliki pono e loa wi ma keia ula la o resettled nā kupa o Northern Suria a me Hawaiian Anatolia.

Pela hoi, aole oi nui loaʻa ia i kaʻepekema ma ka makahiki 1972 archeological huakaʻi alai ae ia e VI Sarianidi loaʻa i loko o ka wao nahele Karakum hookuikui hou o ke kahiko luakini kulanakauhale Gonur Depe, i ua unuhi mai Turkmen o ia hoʻi, "oho puu". Kēia hooponopono ua he grandiose eiiieaen, kukulu iho la o ka pohaku, ma ka waena konu o ka i mea i ka luakini mohai, ke ahi a me nā hale. Ma ke anapuni o nā hale wahī manoanoa pā pōhaku, ma luna o ka i, ua kū pono me nā hale kiaʻi. Ma keia kulanakauhale o kahiko e noho ana i hele mai Margush e hoomana aku i ke ahi.

Ka mea, e ia elua haneri noho i ua loaʻa ma hope o ka loaʻa o ka hulikoehana huakaʻi Gonur Sarianidi. I ka Ia manawa, kńnaka i aku nei au ia Margush ka wā ma mua i loko o kona manaʻo nui mea i emi iki mahope o ke Mesopotamia, Aigupita, China a India.

Eia naʻe, ma ka pau ana o ka lua o Ka Wā Kaukani BC, ua e haʻalele i ka momona Oasis ma ka huli ana i ka piha-waikahe e wai kahi kanaka. Sands Ua laila wale kahili ae ko läkou 'o ka manawa hookahi ikaika noho maikai ana, i kekahi mau haumana eʻiʻini e manaoio i ka mea nana i hali mua o Zoroastrianism.

ka hoʻonaʻauao mana

Ka Karakum waonahele Ua hana kŘpa nei. Ke'ī mai, i ka makahiki o kona Zaunguz kuka mea e pili ana i ka miliona makahiki. Kēia mea me ka nui loa emi ma mua o ka makahiki o ke Namib Desert, a i ola no 55 miliona makahiki.

Western māhele o ka Karakum hiki kaikaina. Ua Ua hana mai na steppes o 2-2,5 wale tausani. Makahiki aku nei.

He aha 'ā ina lākou kūʻauhau i Karakum wao nahele? Ma keia mooolelo, he mea mau hypothesesʻepekema. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea, i aku i ka hoʻouku lunaʻenehana A. M. Konshinym, wao akua ho okumu mai ai i loko o ke kahiko hoomaloo-i aeuneii? A Caspian Sea, i ka hapa o ka prehistoric Tethys Ocean.

E like me ka lua o ka kuhiakau, a e like me ka hapanui haumana, i ka Karakum wao nahele kahi i hanaʻia ma ka muliwai Murghab, Amu a me na mea e ae, e hana i ka lepo, one a me nā huahana mai ka lukuia'na o ka pōhaku hema puu o ka Kopetdag Mountains. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi i ka hoʻomaka o Quaternary. I keia manawa, anuanu dramatically loli lalana ana ia ia, a thawed hauneneʻe ka pilina i ka mea i ka muliwai i Ua i kokololio, a piha-e kahe ana. Kēia kumumanaʻo, ua hookupaa iho la ia e hou noiʻi kanaka hulihonua.

Biota

The Wonderful World o ka Karakum haʻalele hana hoihoi 'no ka noiʻi, ka poe i mau imi e hoÿonui ai i ko lipolipo. Sand Sea Turkmenistan - o ka wahi ma ka pulakaumaka mea wale la-puni flora a? Aaoa i ke ola i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka nui nui o ka ona mau.

Karakum Desert i waeʻia e kekahi mau kakini kekahi mau laha 'o nā mea kolo, a oi aku mamua o hookahi tausani? Ueo o arthropods. Noho i loko o kēia wahi haha ekolu kakini ioeo o ka manu a me na makahiki elua haneri a me kanahiku laha 'o nā mea kanu. Desert, ka mea i manao ia i ko lakou hale, a 'o ia hoʻi i loaʻa i loko o ia mea pohihihi a me na mea ike ole i ke kanaka ia ia iho.

kanu

Ma ka one like o ka Karakum ulu likeʻole laau uuku. Iwaena o lakou, a me ka eleele keʻokeʻo Haloxylon, Salsola, Ph.D., a me ka astragalus. Loaʻaʻaneʻi a me ke one, he laau. O ka mauu uhi i loko o ka wao nahele o ka loa inflated sedge, eia saxaul, saltwort, a me nā ephemeral kaiāulu.

I mau mea o arid Karakum kula e ulu ana xerophytic laau uuku a me ka iiaciiie-laau uuku. He nui no ia i ole foliage uhi paha ka mea, kiola ia ma luna o ka hanana o ke panoa.

Nā aʻa o nā mea kanu e ulu ana i loko o ka wao nahele, ai manamana a me ka lōʻihi. Ka mea, i ke komo i ka oi aku hohonu. No ka laʻana, kamelo mea oioi. Kona kumu'ōnaehana ka hohonu i loko o ke one lepo no ka oi mamua o iwakalua mau mika.

Desert mea kanu hoʻopulapula ma na anoano, i mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pubescent paha i kiʻiona mau'ēheu. Kēia 'ole kōkua ai i nā ka neʻeʻana o ka lewa. He nui no ka Karakum wao nahele kanu i hehu wale, a hiki ina e komo i ka hele a lepo. Pakahi aku la ia kūlana tugais. Kēia ululaau o keʻokeʻo wilou a me ka popela, kanaka nunui mauʻu wanawana, o Aberahama, a me ona mau-puni mea kanu, a e loaʻa hiki ma na kapa o ka Karakum Canal.

holoholona honua

He nui i loko o ka wao nahele Karakum a? Aaoa. Keia holoholona ua pono hakuloli e ola ma ke one wahi. Ka hapa nui o ia makemake i ka nocturnal, a ua hiki hoi o ka lōʻihi manawa ole ka wai. Eia hou kekahi, holoholona e e loaʻa i loko o ka wao nahele hiki - nui kukini. Ka mea, hiki wawe ka hele lōʻihi mamao.

Mawaena o na elele o mammals hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka wao nahele Karakum'īlio hae a me ke alo o, dia la a me ka nou, hehi a me Barchan popoki, koue hoi a me ka ilio hihiu-Korsakov. Aniuea World ua hōʻike hana o ua moo a me ka moʻo make, one boa nahesa, a-pua, Agam a hehi manu kuhukukū. I ka lani ma luna o ke kai one wao nahele lele poʻo nui a me nā manu laka, saxaul jays a me nā manu liilii a me finches Bulanov.

Of invertebrates i loko o kēia wahi, aia nō nā moʻo hueloʻawa phalanx,'ūhini lele me a me ka punawelewele, karakurt. Ma ka Amu Darya, ka Karakum Canal , a Reservoir laila, he oi aku kanalima laha 'o ka iʻa, i waena a ma laila nō herbivorous carp a me ka mauu carp.

waonahele popoki

Special noonoo e trot o ka Karakum wao nahele. No laila, pinepine haawiia i Caracal. I mea, i kēia mau holoholona i like i loko o kā lākou mauʻano. Eia naʻe, ano o trot mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke ola i loko o ka wao nahele, ma laila nō ole ululaau. No ka caracal, kēia mau mea i ka oiwi hale. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau. Desert holoholona ua pena i loko o ka malamalamaʻeleʻele kala like 'ole, hiki ia ia eʻaneʻaneʻike makaʻole i waena o ka foothill kualono a me ka puʻu one ma waena. O ka papa kuhikuhi meaʻai caracal nā manu, rodents a me ka hana o ua moo.

Ma waena o ka mea no ka Karakum Desert, i mea ka kaianoho koholā o keia holoholona mea kupaianaha? Ua hoohalua ana, mai ka aeuneii? Kai a hiki i ka Caspian. Akā, Eia naʻe, i ka ulu ana o kēia mau mea i alakai ai i ka drastic ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka helu o ka wao nahele nā pōpoki, a me keia la ma ka hihiu he mea wale ma kahi o 300 kanaka.

Repetek no?

Familiarity me na flora a me? Aaoa o ka Karakum wao nahele, ka mea mea kupono, e hoʻomaka ana me ka kikowaena hapa o ka hikina ciia. Heʻaneʻi, ma ke kaawale ana o 70 kilomika hema o ke kulanakauhale o Chardzhou, i ka 1928, ua hoʻokumuʻia he hanana Repetek no?. Kona papa hana o ka hoomalu ana a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka luna' maoli, i mea waiwai i loko o ka wao nahele Karakum.

Repetek Reserve uhi ka wahi o ma kahi o kanakolu-kumamalima tausani aa, a hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka i ka papa kuhikuhiE kanu one kai Turkmen ke kaiāulu a me kona nohona wildlife.

ia ka hana hoihoi

Ma ka Karakum wao nahele i ka namesake. He He kŘpa a uuku one me ka ho okumu - Karakum - ke aupuni 'o aneea oneiaey. Ua Ua waiho nei ma waena o nā ic ?? - Sassykol a me Balkhash.

Ka Karakum waonahele,ʻo na iauaeoia oo? Ecia e aa ana luawai. Ua Ua aniiei? Kokoke i ke kauhale Darwaza. Kēia muaʻimi loa i ka lewa punawai mea e hina no ka aie i ka mea kokoke lola honua voids.

Ka Karakum nui groundwater. Pakahi aku la ia nui stockpiles e kokoke ka Amu Darya riverbed.

Ka Karakum waonahele Eli iho la na kanaka he iwakalua tausani punawai. A, i ka wai o ka i ana extracted kahiko ala, a hoʻohana i ka hele ma ka pōʻai o ke kāmelo.