Ka nui Lūkini explorers a me kā lākou mau discoveries

Ka nui Lūkini kaʻahele, i ka papa inoa o i ka loa nui, ua paipaiʻia i ka ulu ana o malina kuai, a hoala mai i ka prestige o ka aina. Ke scientific kaiaulu Uaʻike hou a me ka 'ike hou aku,ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka hana kemika, akā, no hoi e pili ana i na flora a me? Aaoa, a me ka hapanui importantly - na kanaka e noho ana ma na wahi e ae o ke ao nei, a me ko lakou mau aoao. E mākou hahai ma nā kapuwaʻi o ka nui Lūkini kaʻahele lākou holo o ka loaʻa.

Fodor Filippovich Konyuhov

Great Russian hele Fyodor Konyukhov mea ole wale pono-ike launa kino mamua o ka hoike ia, akā, i ka pena, hoʻohanohano haku o nā haʻuki. He Ua hanauia i ka 1951. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi,ʻo ia ke hana i ka makemake e hāʻawi loa paʻakikī o kona mau na¯ - o' Amelika i ka wai huihui. He hiki wawe ka moe i loko o ka hayloft. Fedor i ka maikai physical ana, a hiki i ka holo no ka lōʻihi mamao - he mau na umi o kilomika. I ka 15 makahiki,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i kela kapa o ka moana wai o Azov, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoe i ka lawai moku. Nui i alakaʻi ai Theodore, a me kona kupunakane, ka mea i makemake i ke kanaka opiopio ia e lilo i ka hele, akā, i ke keiki i makemake ai a hiki i keia. pinepine, hoomaka ae la ka nui Lūkini kaʻahele e hoomakaukau i mua no kā lākou paipai aʻo kai eʻe a me ka moana a puni.

puka Konyukhov

Fedor Filippovich Konyuhov i kuleana i loko o ka 40-hele, haʻi akula ma luna o kekahi moku peʻa Bering ala hele, a holo mai Vladivostok a hiki i ka alihi kaua Islands, hele mai la i Sakhalin a me Kamchatka. I ka 58 makahiki,ʻo ia lanakila Mount Everest, e like me 7 kiekie loa kuahiwi i loko o ka hui a me nā climbers. He kipa o ka Akau a me ka Hema auamo, ma no o kona 4 holo a puni ke ao nei, ka mea, ma kela aoao o ka 'Akelanika' 15 manawa. Kona nā manaʻo Fedor Filippovich ua hōʻikeʻia hoʻi i ka unuhi. Kākau iholaʻo ia i ka 3000 kiʻi. Ka nui Leeuwerikplein discoveries o Lūkini huakaʻi i pinepine lewa i loko o lākou iho moʻokalaleo, a ua haʻalele Fedor Konyukhov ma hope o ka 9 puke.

Athanasius Nikitin

Great Russian hele Athanasius Nikitin (Nikitin - .. First inoa o ke kālepa, i ka inoa o kona makua kāne, ua Nikita) i noho ai i loko o ka 15th kenekulia, a me ka makahiki o kona hanau mea IKE OLE IA. He hoao iho la e hiki i kekahi kanaka mai ka ohana ilihune e hele ai a hiki, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e kau aku i ka pahu hopu. He ua ka hoao ana i ka poe kuai i hele i India ma ka Crimea, Constantinople, Lithuania, a me ka na'lii o Moldavia, a lawe mai ka home huakaʻi i ke kai waiwai.

He ua he kanaka maoli o Tver. Lūkini poe kuai huakaʻi hele a hiki i Asia, e hookupaa nui ae i ka pili ma me kūloko poe kalepa. Mea lakou i lawe i laila,ʻano nui für. E like me ka hoʻopaʻi Athanasius i loko o Inia, kahi āna i noho ai no ka makahiki ekolu. Ma kona hoʻiʻo ia i hao, a make iho la ma kahi o Smolensk. Ka nui Lūkini explorers a me kā lākou mau discoveries i noho mau loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala, no ka mea, no ka mea holomua o na koa, a mau ipo auwana pinepine make i loko o ka pilikia a me ka lōʻihi kaua kiʻi e kaua.

I wehe 'Afanasiya Nikitina

Athanasius Nikitin lilo ka mua Lūkini hele i kipa India a me Peresia, ma ke ala, ua kipa hoʻi Tureke a me Somalia. I loko nō o kona hele ana oia i memo "Momi O Kanaka Ekolu moana", a ma hope lilo i ka puke no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka aoao o ko nā'āina. Oi loa maikaʻi depicted i loko o kona mau palapala medieval India. He kela aoao o ka Volga, kaʻArabia kai, a me ka Caspian, Black Sea. Ka wā kokoke Astrakhan poe kuai i hao ma ka Tatars,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i makemake ai i nā mea a pau e hele i ka hale, a komo i loko o aie pahele, a hoomau i kona hele ana, poʻomanaʻo, 'o ia Derbent, laila Baku.

Nikolai Maclay

Maclay hele mai ana, mai ka hanohano ohana, akā,ʻo ia, e aʻo i ka make o kona makua kāne i, i ka noho ana ma kaʻilihune. He ua he kipi ma ka maoli - i loko o 15 makahiki,ʻo ia i hopu no ua komo i loko o nā haumāna ma nā hōʻike. No ka mea, o keia, oia ole wale huli mai, e noho ma lalo o hopu i loko o ka pā, a noho iholaʻo ia i nā lāʻekolu, akā, ua kipaku ia mai ke kula me ka hou pāpā ma ka noi komo '- no laila, no ka mea, ua nalowale i ka manawa e loaa ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe i loko o Rusia i ka mea, a laila i loko o Germany.

Ernst Haeckel, he hailona o ka maikaʻi-ike naturalist, unuhi ae la nānā i ka 'ike 19-makahiki-kahiko keiki, a kono Maclay i loko o ka huakaʻi, kona manao ua e noiʻi i ka meaola? Aaoa. Ma Rotehama make ma ka makahiki o ka 42 makahiki, a me kaʻike, o kona leo, "he mea hōʻemi ikaika o ke kino." He, e like he nui 'ē aʻe nui Lūkini kaʻahele, hâʻawi wale ma ka inoa o ka mea hou discoveries he nui loa o kona ola.

i wehe 'Maclay

I ka 1869 Maclay me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Lūkini Kuʻe Huli Society hele i New Guinea. Beach kahi ia i pae, e kapaia "Maclay Coast." Ma hope o Noho oi ma mua o ka makahiki i loko o ka huakaʻi, a wawahi hou lepo. Na kamaaina, ua aʻo mai ke Lūkini hele i ulu kaʻuala, palaoa, ka papapa maka, pehea e mālama i ka hua laau. 3 makahiki, ua lilo ia ma Australia, kipa Indonesia, ka Philippines, i ka mokupuni o Melanesia a me Micronesia. He pū iā i nā kupa ole e ālai ia 'aʻe me ka anthropological haʻawina. 17 makahiki o kona ola ana këia i ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka o ka Pacific Pae Aina, Hikina Hema Asia. Ma muli o ia Miklouho-Maclay i hōʻoleʻia kāna speculation i ka Papuans i kekahi ano o ke kanaka. I hiki ke ike, i ka nui Lūkini explorers a me kā lākou mau discoveries ae i ke koena o ko ke ao nei,ʻaʻole wale e aʻo hou aku e pili ana i ka Leeuwerikplein noiʻi, akā, no hoi e pili ana i nā poʻe e noho ana i loko o ka New nā panalāʻau e.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski

Przhevalsky nui ia ka Auguseto ka ohana, ma hope o ka huakaʻi muaʻo ia i ka hanohano, e hālāwai me Alexander II, ka mea i haawi mai i kona ohi ana i ka Russian Academy o Sciences. Kana keiki ma Rotehama makemake i ka hana o Nikolai Mikhailovich, a me kona makemake e lilo i haumana, oia kekahi kokua i ka lehulehu ākea o ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka 4th huakaʻi, hoohewa 25 tausani. Rubles. Ka Tsarevich mau nana imua i ka palapala mai ka hele, a ua hauoli i ka hiki pōkole kūkala nūhou e pili ana i ka huakaʻi.

I hiki ke ike, a hiki i ke ola o Przewalski lilo loa maikaʻi-ike kanaka a me kana mau hana a me ka hana i loaa i ka puu o ka publicity. Akā, i kekahi manawa hana, i ka wa a ka nui Lūkini explorers a me kā lākou mau discoveries e lilo kaulana, he nui lāliʻi o ke ola, a me ka pilikia o kona make ana ua nō lāʻau malumalu ma ka mea ikea ole. i poe mamo a ma Rotehama Mikhailovich ua, 'ole. I, ka mua me ka naauao mea hoʻopaʻi hoomakaukauiaʻi ia ia, aole ia i makemake ole i ae ia ia iho, e hoohewa i ka mea i aloha ai i kekahi ma ka paʻa halihali a me ka loneliness.

i ka puka o ka Przewalski

Mahalo i kāna huakaʻi i Przewalski, he Lūkini scientific prestige loaa hou momentum. Ma 4 kāna huakaʻi i hele hala ma kahi o 30 tausani. Kilomika, hele aku la oia a hiki i Central a me Western Asia, ka Kipeka plateau a me ka hema o ka Taklimakan Desert. Ae la oia i na mea he nui kualono (Moscow, pohihihi, a no laila, ma luna o. D.), E wehewehe i ka nui muliwai o Asia.

Ua nui ua lohe e pili ana i ka Przewalski ka lio (he subspecies o hihiu lio), akā, mau ike e pili ana i ka richest aeaaiono? Hoiliili ole o mammals, manu, amphibians a me ka iʻa, he nui ka helu o nā moʻolelo e pili ana i nā mea kanu a me herbarium hoiliili ole. Ma waho aʻeo ia na flora a? Aaoa, e like me hou Leeuwerikplein discoveries, ka nui LūkiniʻImi Loa Przewalski pili lāhui kanaka iʻike i ka poʻeʻEulopa - Dungan,'ākau Kipeka, Tangut, magintsami, lobnortsami. He hana i ka hana "Pehea e hele i loko o Central Asia", a hiki malama me he alakaʻi maikaʻi no ka noiʻi a me ke koa. Ka nui Lūkini kaʻahele, e discoveries, mau haawiia ka ike no ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema a me ka holomua hoʻolālā o hou kaua kiʻi e kaua.

Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern

RussianʻImi Loa i hānau i loko o 1770. He ua i ka manawa e lilo i ke aliʻi mua o ka honua huakaʻi mai Rusia, e like me ka mea i kekahi o na Mamua o ka National Oceanology, he'akimalala, he like lala a me honorary lâlâ o ka Academy o Sciences ma St. Petersburg. Great Russian hele kekahi i Kruzenshtern kaʻeleu loa, i hanaia i ka wa a ka Lūkini Kuʻe Huli Society. I ka 1811, ua loaʻa iā ia ka manawa kūpono e aʻo aku i loko o ke kai Cadet mau pūʻali. A laila, e lilo ana i mea kuhikuhi, oia hoʻonohonoho i kaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma luna papa. Kēia laila, lilo iho la ka Academy o ke kaua moana.

I ka 1812, oia kaukahi, no na mai i ke kolu o kona waiwai i ka People ka Militia (hoʻomaka 'World War II). A hiki i ka manawa, ka mea, i ka lehulehu ākea o ekolu puke o na buke, "apuni ka puni ke ao nei", a i ua unuhi i loko o ehiku Europa, 'ōlelo. I ka 1813, Ivan Fedorovich hoʻokomo i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia, Denemaka, Kelemānia a me Palani akeakamai nā kaiapili a me ahahui' imi naʻauao. Eia naʻe, 2 makahiki ma hope, oia ua hoouna ma indefinite haalele iho no i ka ulu maka maʻi, huikau ke kahua, a me ka pilikia pilina me ke Kuhina o Hawaii. He nui kaulana explorers a me nā huakaʻi huli i Ivan Fedorovich no ka'ōlelo aʻo a me kākoʻo.

wehe Kruzenshtern

3 makahikiʻo ia i ke poʻo o ka huakaʻi Lūkini a puni ka honua ma ka moku "Neva" a me ka "Hope". Iloko o ka holo lakou e e hookolokolo aku la ia i ka waha o ka Amur muliwai. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa kela aoao o ka equator. Ma keia hele ana, a me Ivan Fedorovich, no ka manawa mua loa iʻikeʻia ma ka palapala hikina, akau a me ka akau-komohana kapakai o Sakhalin Island. No hoi, ma ka mana o kana hana, e ike i ka malamalama "Mea Maluna Iho South Sea", piha hydrographic memo. Aie i ka huakaʻi pepa i holoiia nonexistent mokupuni, i ka kiko'ī kulana o ka'ē aʻe georgaficheskih nui la ka manao. Russian 'epekema Ua aʻo e pili ana i Mezhpassatnyh Undercurrent ma ka Pacific, a' Akelanika 'Ka Moana, i ana ka wai mahana (i ka 400 m + ka hohonu), ho'ākāka' ia kona 'ilepili ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu mōakaaka. Eia hoi ka mea lilo loa i ke kumu no ka i ka malamalama kai. No hoi, he mauʻikepili ma o ka lewapuni puʻe, ka hānupanupa a me ka pele i loko o na wahi he nui o ka moana i hoʻohana 'ē aʻe nui Lūkini kaʻahele i loko o kā lākou huakaʻi nui.

Semon Ivanovich Dezhnov

Great hele, i hānauʻia ma ka 1605. Hoʻokele,ʻImi Loa a me ka kuai, oia ua no hoi he Cossack chieftain. He ua he kanaka maoli o Great Ustyug, a laila, neʻe akula i Siberia. Semyon Ivanovich Ua ikea iho la ia no kona poe kalaiaina talena, ke koa a me ka hiki, e hoonohonoho ae hooponopono kanaka. Ua hāʻawiʻia kona inoa i ka Leeuwerikplein wahi (headland, mākuʻe, moku, kauhale, Peninsula), me ka uku nui hau-nalu, hele, alanui, etc.

puka Dezhneva

Semyon Ivanovich 80 makahiki ma mua o ka Bering pilikia i paʻa (i kapaʻia Bering) ma waena o Alaska, a Chukotka (i piha, oiai ke Bering ua wale kekahi hapa o ia). He a me kona hui loaa i kekahi ala hele ke kai a puni ka akau-hikina loa o Asia, hiki Kamchatka. No kekahi ma mua, aʻaʻole au iʻike e pili ana i ka hapa o ka honua, kahi America kokoke converged me Asia. Dezhnev hala ka Arctic Ocean, piliwaiwai i ka'ākau kahakai o Asia. He kaha palapala i ka pilikia ma waena o ka 'Amelika a me ka hawaiian kapa a puʻu, e like me ka Chukotka Peninsula. Once ma Olyutorskii Bay ka moana: akahi, i kona paukū, me ka wale xi a me sledges, i noho 10 pule mamua i ka Anadyr River (ka mea nalowale 13 kanaka mai ka 25). Aia ka he mea mahuʻi i lilo kekahi hapa o Dezhnev hui, hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka huakaʻi o ka mua noho o Alaska.

Pela, e hahai ana i loko o nā kapuwaʻi o ka nui Lūkini hele, e hiki ke ike pehea e hoʻomohala a ala Lūkini? Iie kaiāulu, hoʻolako i ka ike ana o ka mea ma waho o ke ao nei, a haawi aku i ka nui impetus i ke kūpono 'ana o nā hana.