Ka paakiki o ke hooheheeia. Table paakiki ke hooheheeia

I ka māhele a me maomeka ua mau nō a me ka ike loea mea mai a lakou i hana ai, e like me ka mea e pono ana no ka hana. I mea no ke aha la ia mea e ka pāʻana i ka allowable aiee o ko lākou walaʻauʻana me mechanical waiwai nui. Ma ke ÿano waiwai i ka paakiki, ikaika, toughness, ductility. ka paakiki o ke hooheheeia - ka iniiaiie mall characterization.

manaʻo

Ka paakiki o ke hooheheeia, a oka a, - he lako e waiwai o ka pili ana ia'ku ma anal i loko o kona ili papa o ke kino i ua ole ino, aole hoi luku iho la ia iloko o concomitant haawe (indentation). Kau i ka hana o ka:

• 'ike ma luna o ka ho'ōia o ka mall hiʻona a me ka pae'ōnaehana uea';
• Ka Ikepili o ka hana a manawa;
• hooponopono ana wela lapaau i nā hualoaʻa.

Mai keia huahelu he e kaukaʻiʻilikai ikaika a me ka ia'ku i ka poe oo hoi. Nana me ka maka mea a me ka makaukau-i māhele.

koho like

Ke anakahi mea he nui i ua kapaia ka helu o ka paakiki. Aia i kekahi mau ano o ana i ka paakiki o ke hooheheeia. Ka loa pololei study loaʻa i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nāʻano likeʻole o nā helu a me ka pili indenters paakiki:

1. Brinell: ka pā o ka nakeke - Ball indentation i loko o ka ua kālailai metala ole oka a indentation anawaena i ka ho omaulia a me ka mahope i ka ho omaulia ana o ka makemakika me mechanical aiao.
2. Rockwell: hoʻohana mea poepoe paha he daimana tapered kōkua. I ka waiwai ma ka papakaumaka ma ka mea hoike dekere a nānā 'Mai Lepera.
3. Vickers: o ka loa pololei ana o ka paakiki o ka metala me ka pyramidal daimana kōkua.

Aia mau kūikawā nā papakuhikuhi a me nā papa, e hooholo hoolauna aku ma waena o ka parametric hana o kekahi ana e epekema no ka ia mea.

Makaʻu i maopopo ai i ka huahelu Lolina

Ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua rula, a me ka pono laulā o ka ipu, ka mea i waeia o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i lawe mai i kaukaʻi ma o ka ho'ākāka' ano o ka workpiece.

1. An hōʻike waiwai o ka me mechanical aiao. No ka mall steels a me nā mea me ka haahaa paakiki mai i 450-650 HB Brinell hana i hoʻohana; no ka mea paahana, oka a steels a me nā oka a - Rockwell; no ka tverdosplavov - Vickers.
2. Ke Ana o ka hoʻokolohua specimen. No ka poe liilii, a me ka lahilahi māhele i hookolokoloia e kekahi Vickers paakikiʻia.
3. Ka mānoanoa o ka metala i loko o ke ana wahi, me ka nui, lepo pipili no hoi paha nitrided, ahu iho.

All koi a me kaʻaeʻana i hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi GOST.

Features Brinell hana

Paakiki ikea ai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a oka a me ka hoʻohana 'Brinell paakikiʻia e mālama' ia me ka penei hiʻona:

1. Ka indenter - poepoe o ka oka a kila a me ka tungsten oka a carbide me ke anawaena 1, 2, 2,5, 5 a 10 mm o (GOST 3722-81).
2. Duration kūpaʻa indentation: no ka hao a me kila - 10-15 ke no ole-ferrous oka a - 30, mea no hoi e hiki i ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka 60, a ma kekahi mau hihia - 120 a me 180 ...
3. Ka mokuna waiwai o ka ÿano kiko'î: 450 HB ka wā ana kila poepoe; HB 650 ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i tverdosplava.
4. Hiki e haawe. Me ke kōkua o nā lako waiwai ua like maoli ikaika deformation ma ka hoʻokolohua hāpana. Lākou palena iki hiki Hawaiʻi: 153,2, 187,5, 250 N; i kā mākou - 9807, 14710, 29420 H (GOST 23677-79).

E ho ohana i ka nā papakuhikuhi, ke kaumaha ma muli Nāna e koho i ke anawaena o ka poepoe, a ma ka hoao ana i nā puke, kekahi ke ho omaulia i ka like ana ikaika indentation.

oka aʻano	Makemakika computation haawe
Steel, nikala a me ka titanium oka a	30D 2
kiola hao	2 10D, 30D 2
Ke keleawe a me ke keleawe ulaula oka a	2 5D, 10D 2, 30D 2
Light i eliiaʻi a me ka oka a	2,5D 2, 2 5D, 10D 2, 15D 2
Kēpau, ke tina	1D 2

Laʻana designations:

400HB10 / 1500/20, kahi 400HB - Brinell paakiki o ka metala; 10 - Ball anawaena, 10 mm o; 1500 - kūpaʻa haawe, 1500 kgs; 20 - i ka wā o ka indentation 20.

E hookupaa i ka kiko'ī helu ka maiau e makaikai i ka ia hāpana i loko o kekahi mau wahi, a me ka nānā 'ia ai ka pono hopena e loaa i ka awelike waiwai o ka loaa.

Manao hana Brinell paakiki

I ka noiʻi kaʻina komo ai na kēia mau kapuwai.

1. E hōʻoia i nā lāliʻi ma ka kaʻaeʻana i nā koi (GOST 9012-59, GOST 2789).
2. E hōʻoia i ka serviceability o ka noonoo o kanaka.
3. E koho i ka makemake mea poepoe, 'ike o ka hiki pono ka' Oihana, mea hoʻonoho o ka ukana no ka ho okumu wā o ka indentation.
4. E hoʻomaka ana paakiki a me ka deformation o ka specimen.
5. Huahelu recess anawaena.
6. Empirical i ka ho omaulia.

HB = F / A,

kahi F - haawe, kgs a me H; A - Print āpana, mm o ^2.

HB = (0,102 * F) / (π * D * h),

kahi D - anawaena o ka mea poepoe, mm o; H - indentation hohonu, mm o.

Paakiki metala ana ma keia ano i ka empirical pilina me ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka ikaika kiko'î. pololei hana, o ka oi aku no ka pahee oka a pau. He kumu kahua o ka hoomaopopo ana i ka aiee o na nenoai o ka me mechanical waiwai.

Features Rockwell ki ina hana like

Kēia hana o ana i invented i loko o ka 20-ies o XX kenekulia, oi hana nona iho ma mua o ka mea mua kekahi. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka paʻakikī i kekahi mau kumuhana. Kona papa kuhikuhiE ano (GOST 9013-59, GOST 23677-79):

1. Ke alo aku o ka iniiaiie haawe 10 kg.
2. Waiū Wā: 10-60.
3. Mokuna aiee a hiki nā hoailona: HRA: 20-88; HRB: 20-100; HRC: 20-70.
4. Ua visualized ke helu ma ka hora paakiki, hiki no hoi e mau hōʻailona i arithmetically.
5. Ka unahiʻole, a me ka indenter. Ike 11 kekahi mau unahi ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o indenter, a me ka i kā mākou ana kūpaʻa haawe ana. Ka loa, he pono ole ana: A, B a me C.

A: daimana tapered kōkua apex huina 120˚, allowable mana huina kūpaʻa ololi - 60 kgf, HRA; a nānā aku ke olonā huahana, ka hapanui Maui.

C: like daimanaʻohana, papahana no i kā mākou ikaika o 150 kgf, HRC, mea pono no ka paa, a hoopaakikiia mea.

B: poepoe nui o 1,588 mm o, i o hoopaakikiia kila a me ka paakiki carbide-tungsten oka a pau, i ka haawe - 100 kgf, HRB, ua hoʻohana 'ia e Loiloi i ka paakiki o annealed huahana.

Blob-kōkua (1.588 mm) mea pono no ka pālākiō Rockwell B, F, hoi nei G. E pālākiō, H, K, no ka a ua hoʻohana i kekahi mea poepoe anawaena o ka 3,175 mm o (GOST 9013-59).

Ka helu o nā Laʻana o nā hana ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi Rockwell paakikiʻia i loko o ka ia wahi ua kaupalenaʻia ka nui o nā' ikamu. Reusableʻimi i loko o ka'āina 3-4 ke anawaena o ka mua deformation makahiki. Ka mānoanoa o ka hoao ana huahana a me ka hooponopono ana. Ka mea pono ole e emi malalo o 10 mau manawa māhuahua anal hohonu o ke kihi.

Laʻana designations:

50HRC - metala Rockwell paakiki, ana hoʻohana 'he daimana kōkua, kona helu mea like me ke 50.

Plan noiʻi ma Rockwell unahiʻole, i

mea hiki ke hooheheeia paakiki huahelu Ua oi Nohie ma mua o ke kaʻina hana no ka Brinell.

1. Ka loiloi 'ana o Ana a me nā' ano o ka workpiece ili honua.
2. E hōʻoia i ka serviceability o ka noonoo o kanaka.
3. Manao kōkuaʻano a me ka haawe ana nona iho.
4. A hāpai i ka hāpana.
5. Hoʻokō 'ana o ka iniiaiie hooikaika ma ka mea, ka nui o ka 10 kgf.
6. Manaʻo o ka piha kaʻaeʻana pono 'ana.
7. Heluhelu he apo hōʻike degere i ka helu ma ka unahiʻole, i.

Ua mea no hoi e hiki i ka ho omaulia makemakika ma ka mea e pololei hooholo i ka me mechanical aiao.

Ma lalo o ke ano o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke daimana, hoʻopuʻupuʻu me ka haawe ana o 60 kgf, a 150:

HR = 100 - ((HH) / 0,002;

ka wā e ho'āʻo i ka poepoe ma lalo o ka mana o ka 100 kgf:

HR = 130 - ((HH) / 0,002,

kahi H - i ka hohonu o ke anal o ka indenter i loko o ka iniiaiie ikaika o 10 kgf; H - anal hohonu o ka indenter ma lalo o piha e haawe; 0,002 - ololi hooponopono ana i ke dala o ka neʻeʻana o ka maka, i ka wa i ka helu o ka paakiki ma 1 pa alima.

Rockwell hana Ua puni hoʻi, akā,ʻaʻole i ka uku. I ka Ia manawa ia e leie aku oe e ana i ka ÿano waiwai o ka paakiki i eliiaʻi a me ka oka a pau.

Details o ka Vickersʻano hana

Hoʻoholo 'o ka paʻakikī o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma keia iaoia mea loa wale a me ka pololei. Paakiki ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka indentation i loko o ka hāpana daimana pyramidal kōkua.

Main Hiʻona:

1. Ke indenter: daimana pyramid me ka apex huina 136 °.
2. I kā mākou allowable haawe ana: no ka oka a hoolei hao a me kila - 5-100 kgf; no ka keleawe oka a - 2.5-50 kg; no ka Aluminum a me kona oka a - 1-100 kgf.
3. Waiū Wā kūpaʻa haawe ana. 10 i 15 kekona.
4. Ninau hoopoipoi Ha awina: kila a me ka 'ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia me ka paakiki o 450-500 HB, me huahana ma hope o thermochemical lapaau.

Laʻana designations:

700HV20 / 15,

kahi 700HV - Vickers paakiki helu; 20 - e haawe 20 kg; 15 - ma kūpaʻa ana 15.

Ke kaʻina o ka mahele Vickers

Ke hana ua'āina Nohie.

1. E hōʻoia i ka hāpana a me ka lako a pan. Mau noonoo ana ua uku ia na lāliʻi o kaʻili kai.
2. Koho allowable hana.
3. Mea hoʻonoho o ka hoʻokolohua mea.
4. E hoʻomaka ana i ka paakiki i loko o ka hana.
5. Heluhelu hopena ma luna o ka mea hōʻike degere.

Makemakika i ka ho omaulia ma keia iaoia mea like penei:

HV = 1,8544 * (F / D ^2),

kahi F - kiʻi, kgf; D - kaʻawelike cia o ka lōʻihi o nā diagonals o ka indentation ma ka mm o.

Ua apono 'oe e ana i ka kiʻekiʻe paakiki metala, he wiwi, a me ka meaʻuʻuku loa, oiai hoʻolako kiʻekiʻe pololei o ka hopena.

Nā Papahana no ka hoʻololi ma waena o ka unahi

Ma hope o hoomaopopo ana i ke anawaena o ka puka me ka kōkua o kūikawā pono, e hiki ke hoʻohana i ka papa, e hooholo i ka paakiki. Table paakiki ke hooheheeia - ho'āʻo hope ma i ka ho omaulia ana o ka me mechanical aiao. Penei, ina oe i ike i ka Brinell, hiki hooholo koke hooholo i kūpono helu Vickers a Rockwell.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o kekahi pono Hawaiʻi:

Ke anawaena o ka indentation, mm o	hana o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana
	Brinell	Rockwell			Vickers
		A	C	B
3,90	241	62,8	24,0	99,8	242
4,09	218	60,8	20,3	96,7	218
4,20	206	59,6	17,9	94,6	206
4,99	143	49,8	-	77,6	143

Table paakiki ke hooheheeia ua muli ma manaʻikepili, a ua kiʻekiʻe pololei. Aia nō i ka pakuhi o ka Brinell paakiki o ke kalapona ka maʻiʻo ma ke hao-kalapona oka a pau. Penei, ma e like me na panalaau no ke kila a hiki i ka nui o ke kalapona ma o ka haku mele like ia 0.2% ia dala i 130 HB.

e Laʻana olelo

I kulike ai me na olelo o ka poe hoaai, hoao liilii e like me ka mea kēia mau 'ano:

1. Kaʻohiʻana E e i laumania, a onipaa ma ka papa paakiki, kona lua penei e e malimali a me ka akahele hoʻokō '.
2. Ka ili Pono e loaʻa ka palena iki ili roughness. Ua pono e ke one, a ua holoiʻia, me ke komo pu ana me ke kōkua o Nine Inch mele. Ka poʻe, i ka machining kaʻina hana, ia mea nui, e pale aku i ke kahua o ka hana iho i poe paakiki a me ka hou ana o ka hoʻokō 'wahi moe ana wela.
3. Ka hapa e like loa me ka i koho ano no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka paakiki o ka parametric waiwai.

Hana iniiaiie koi - he elue pololei.

ka paakiki o ke hooheheeia - he nui ke kumu kahua o ÿole mechanical waiwai 'ia e hōʻike iā lākou i kekahi o ka me mechanical, aʻanoʻenehana ano, i ka hopena o ka mua machining keʻano o ka hanaʻana, i ka hopena o? aiaiiuie aʻe, hiki pae'ōnaehana ana. Study koho 'ana i kūpono hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hāpana ano hōʻike, kona mea kiko'î a me Nine Inch haku mele' ana.