Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia: hiʻona a mau mea o ka pono. Aaioee o non-ferrous ke hooheheeia

Ole-ferrous i eliiaʻi a me kā lākou mau oka a pau e hoʻomano ia ma ka hana. O ia paka pono, hana, mau mea, a me ka? Ieoaeunoai i hana ai. Noi Ua i loaʻa i loko o ke akamai, e like me ia no ka mea e kukulu ana i kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me sculptures. He aha nō ka mea ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia? He aha nā hiʻona e ka mea noho? E ka loaʻa ia.

He aha nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia?

I ka hoomaka ana o ke ao, o "metala" mai nā 'i na nā minelala hao a me ka mea e hoohehee ai, e hookaawale iho, hoomaka ae la i ka manaʻo wale nō i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. Ke hooheheeia - i na mea waiwai e noho ma kekahi mau ano. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano i ka thermal conductivity a me ka uila conductivity, ductility, mea hao sheen, kiʻekiʻe plasticity a me ka ikaika ka poʻe.

Ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika Table hāʻupu nā 94 hehee ai. Nine waiwai, e maheleia ka mea, i loko o kona'ākilikai, malumalu, malamalama, lanthanides, actinides, kalaka nui-ke hooheheeia, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Under maʻamau rula, ka mea i initially i loko o ka paa moku'āina.

Kekahi o ka loa hanohano metala e hoʻohana - hao. Oka a pau i loaʻa ka hao, i kapaia o ferrous i eliiaʻi, ma ka hana ka mea, kūlana 'ka hookaawale niche oihana puolo. Mau nā oka a pau e like me ka hao a me kila. No ka ferrous i eliiaʻi ka mea, i kekahi manawa haawiia chromium a me ka manganese. 'Ē aʻe i nā pōpō.

Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia

Kēiaʻano ua pinepine haawi ia ia e like me ka " 'ole-ferrous" ke hooheheeia. Ke hoʻohālikelike me ka eleele, ka mea, i ole loa susceptible e komo ai, i ke kiʻekiʻe ia'ku a me ke ahi e kū'ē'ē mai. Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia e oi'ōlewa a me ka oluolu i ke kō. Ka mea, e hanaʻakika-hoʻopale oka a pau.

Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka physical waiwai a me ka prevalence. No laila, ma laila nō ke kaumaha a me ka malamalama ke hooheheeia. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka mea mua kēpau, ke tina, o Hereme, kiniki, a me ka lua o ka - makanekiuma, beryllium, likiuma a me ka Aluminum. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten wehewehe aku me refractory.

Kaʻawale me pohihihi a me ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi. Ka pohihihi keia pili tantalum, molybdenum, radium, thorium. Ka mea, ua i nui loa, he pono ole i loko o ka honua ka pńpa, a me kā lākou aaioee mea pilikia. Noble a mea maikai i eliiaʻi ua loa i ka popo, a i ka kuikawā alohilohi. Ka mea, imua o ke gula, platinum, kala, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, iridium.

Aaioee a me ka manufacturing

Pōʻalo a me aaioee o non-ferrous ke hooheheeia e noi mai ana oi kumu waiwai ma mua o ka hao lapaʻau, e like me ka mea, i nui rarer. Ua eliia nō kāu apo ia mai i ka 5% o ka waiwai Agena i ka hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hana. Koke ma hope o pōʻalo o na mea i eliia lako oukou, e hoʻokēʻai ia, mai ka gangue, e hoʻomāhuahua i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maʻiʻo.

Next, ka mea, ua hookauwa aku oia ia i mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e hoʻololi i ka nui like 'ole, kinona, ano. Ka papa hana mauʻanuʻu, a me ka manaʻoe hana 'ana i kūpono e kalele iho ma luna o ka Manao iho la ia mea. Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia ke komo i loko o kā lākou mōlina, ua e, forging, kuʻihao, a no laila, ma luna o. D. No ka kekahi o ko lākou mau ano i huipuia me kekahi i kekahi. Ka maikai-ikeia oka a i i ka anodized Aluminum, babbitt, he keleawe, silumin, keleawe.

Ka loa Popular hanalima ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia - Aluminum a me ke keleawe ulaula. Kā lākou hana Rusia, USA, Italy, Germany, Japan, Australia, a me ka Roma Amerika. Hapanui keleawe mines i loko o Chile. Guinea ma luna o ke ao nei market alakaʻi i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o bauxite i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke kēpau - Austria, ke tina - Indonesia. South Africa kaua mua i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke gula a me ke kala, noʻu ma Mexico.

Ke hoʻohana i ke hooheheeia

Ole-ferrous i eliiaʻi a me kā lākou mau oka a i versatile mea. I ka maʻamau o ke ola, i kela lā mākou i, e hana me ia. No ia i puka komo, ipu, ipu lepo, a me nā kikohoʻe ka home nā mīkini home, lako, kona mau ipuʻaila a me ka oi.

Ka mea, e hoʻomano hoʻohana ma o ka hana o nā wahi likeʻole a me ka mea paahana. O ua poe la i ka uea, nā kui nao, ai hua pisetakia, nā kui nao, kui, e pepa kini papa o okoa nui like 'ole, ka poe hao wale, a lahilahi, a paipu.

Ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia e pono no ka hana o ka nui? Ieaoa, i nolaila, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hoomalu ana puolo. Ka mea, ua nui māmā ma mua o ka hao, no laila, hoʻohana 'ia ma kahi e pono ai ka ikaika a me ka mama i ka ia manawa, e like me kaa, moku, mokuluu a me ka mokulele.

Ke keleawe ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka wā manufacturing paipu. No ka mea paʻa ka mea, ua hou i ke gula i jewelery hana. Kēpau ua hou a hiki i ka inika, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka pilina, no ka hana o ka pōkā pahū a me. Ke likiuma koi 'ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka mekala' åkilikai iuo aaoa? No na optics ma uila no, i ka lapaʻauʻia.

Nā hiʻona a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ka loa, he pono ole metala i loko o ka honua, o ka pńpa - Aluminum. I waena o nā mea a pau i ka hamama hehee wale o ke kolu, ma hope o oxygen, a silikone. Akä naÿe no ka mea, ma laila mea i ka pohihihi keia metala rhenium ma ke ano maoli, i kapaʻia ma hope o ka German muliwai Rhine.

Likiuma o ka hoa. Ua loaʻa he haʻahaʻa nuʻa, no laila, hiki lana i loko o kerosene. Likiuma meaʻawahia, a ke kumu'ā ma luna o kaʻili a me ka ukiuki loa. Ua Ua waiho ia ma kūikawā alabata me ka mea pōhaku aila paha paraffin.

Loa noonoo refractory tungsten. Ua hiki e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma ka wela ma luna o 3422 kekelē Kelekia ma maihehe - ma ka 5555 degere. Mahalo i kēia hiʻona ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka filament i loko o ka malamalama pu u kukui, a kinescopes.