Kālī - ka mea, Aloha ... Description, 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Kālī māhele - i? Aiaiiuie 'ole i hanaʻia ma ke kaʻina hana o ka mitosis a me ka meiosis, a me ka hoolako chromosome segregation a me ke kelepona hele mahele. It bipolar: microtubule'ōnaehana i hanaʻia i loko o ka makahiki ma waena o nāʻauamo, i ke kinona o ka kālī. Ke centromere māhele o ka chromosome kinetochores i pili i ka kālī microtubules. E like me ia i ka chromosomes neʻe i na auamo.

'ole

Kālī ninoieo o ekolu walaʻauʻana mall oihana mua: microtubules, chromosomes a me ka puunaue ana o auamo. Pole ka mahele ana i na holoholona i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma nā centrosome, i pihaʻi me centrioles. Ma ka hihia o ka wahi me ka centrosomes (ma ka mea kanu, a me ka oocytes o kekahi? Ueo) kālī i ke akea laau, a kapa atsentrosomalnym. Ma ke kahua o ka kālī āpau i komo i ka kekahi 'ole - Hawaii nā polokina. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka dynein a me ka kinesin.

Kālī māhele - he bipolar 'ole. He mau auamo i ke aupuni 'centrosomes - organelles i mea na ioauoa o microtubule hui. Ka 'ole o ka centrosome hoomaopopo mau centrioles, a ua hoopuniia oukou e ka nui loa o okoa nā polokina. Punk chromosomes me ke ano o ka chromatids mau paa pu ma centromere paena, Aia ma waena o ka auamo. I ka centromeres i kinetochores, i lawe kau i ka IeIIeYOA o microtubules.

ho okumu

No ka mahele kālī - o ka 'ole i ka mea kuleana i ke kelepona hele mahele, e hoomaka ana kona ekalesia ia lŘlŘ ma prophase. I mea kanu, a me ka oocytes i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o centrosomes, microtubule hoʻolālā mua-oaio? Lawelawe 'ana me ka iwi o ka nucleus. Microtubules e kokoke ana i ka nukelea wahī, a na welau ma ka hopena o prophase lākou kohoʻia, a me ka hana i "prophase kālī" - wā e hiki mai kālī iho (axis).

Aie i ka mea i ka holoholona aeee ua ka centrosome Radio ke kūlana o ka hoʻolālā o ke-oaio? A, o ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o mitotic kālī mea he discrepancy ma waena o nā centrosomes elua i prophase. He hiki no ka mea, o ka Hawaii nā polokina dynein ka mea, e pili ana i ka pā ili o ka Kora naʻEsau, a me ka lokoʻaoʻao o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi. dynein pūʻulu pili i kaʻili lahilahi, pili me ka astral microtubules a me ka mea, hoʻomaka e neʻe aku i ka io hopena, ma muli o ia a he mea dilution o centrosomes ma ke alo o? anoeao o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi.

I ka pau ana o ke anaina

I ka hope loa o ka ho okumu kālī ia lŘlŘ ma prometaphase ke kahua, ma hope o ka nalowaleʻana o kaʻili lahilahi mea lilo he piha Kora naʻEsau, no ka mea, i laila centrosomes a me microtubules ke loaa komo i ka eiiiiiaiou o ka kālī.
Eia naʻe, he mea hoʻokahi koe nae: ka i opuu ae hū mitotic kālī ho okumu ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka nucleus.

ka pae kālī ho okumu a me kā lākou kohoʻia mea hiki ole me ka mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana: no ka hoʻolālā o microtubules a puni na chromosomes a me kā lākou pili i kekahi i kekahi ma ke alo o auamo o ka mahele. He nui no na kumu kupono no ka hope loa ho okumu ana o kālī, me chromosomes a me Hawaii nā polokina i loaʻa i loko o ka halepaahao nucleus, a me microtubules, a, ina o ka holoholona aeea centrosomes na i loko o ka cytoplasm, a laila, ua kaʻawale nā eiiiiiaiou mai kekahi i kekahi. Ia mea ke kumu o ka ho okumu ana o ka kālī welau a ma hope o ka nalowaleʻana o ka nukelea wahī wale.

hui chromosomes

Ma ke kahua o mitotic kālī kumuʻiʻo mea ole i kekahi, e like me na mea he nui nā hale, a me kēia kaʻina i ua maikaʻi? Anoee ma holoholona keena. Ma prophase, microtubules hana a puni ka centrosome stellate 'ole i diverges i loko o kahahānai ao ao. Ma hope o ka nukeleaʻili lahilahi, mai hemo mai ia, hōʻeuʻeu instability o microtubules hoʻomaka i ka 'Imi makaikai i keia wahi, a kinetochores o chromosomes hiki e paa ia ia. Kekahi hapa o ka chromosome koke huli ma ke alo o auamo, a me ka mea i koe mua hoopaaia i microtubules kekahi o ka auamo, a me ka wale laila, hoʻomaka e neʻe aku i ka laau akau. A hiki aku i ke kaʻina ua ana, na chromosomes, ua me kekahi laau hoʻomaka 'kinetochores pili i paʻa i ka microtubules, mai ke alo o auamo, no laila ia i metaphase kaʻina i kinetochores ua pili ma waena o he umi a me kanaha paipu. Ua ho okumu ua kapaia ka kinetochore mea ulana lole. Ua kēlā chromosome ua pili i ka mea e ku pono laau, a me ka mea e hana i loko o ka hapa Central o kālī metaphase papa.

Ka lua o koho

Aia i kekahi kumu o ka manaʻo i loko o a ka kālī i e hana i ke ku e. Ua mea no hoi e hiki no ka keena me ka centrosome, a me na keena ma a ka mea, ma kahi e. Ke kaʻina komo ai i ka gamma tubulin apo eiiieaen, ma muli o ia i ka mea, he pōkole nucleation o microtubules a puni na chromosomes. Paipu pili i ka kinetochore-hua hoʻohui-hope, ma hope a ka polymerization o microtubules helu kuhi puke,ʻo ia hoʻi, lāʻau ulu. Hopena maikaʻi 'welau o ka "Merge" a noho i loko o ka papa ma muli o ka Hawaii nā polokina auamo. Inā i ke kahua o ka kālī komo i ka mau o ka centrosomes, e kōkua ai i nā ka pilina o microtubules, akā, ke kaʻina mea hiki ole ia.

like

A maopopo kaawale ana ma waena o nā chromosomes elua o aeee ua loaʻa i fission, hiki wale nō hiki ina ka hui kaulua chromatids lākou mau kinetochores hui i kekahi mau auamo. Bipolar discrepancy chromatids ua kapaia amfitepicheskogo, akā, ma laila nō nā koho e ala mai i ka manawa o ka hele ana a hiki i nā mahele kālī. Kēia monotepicheskoe (kekahi kinetochores pili i kekahi laau) a me ka sintepicheskoe (e pili ana me kekahi laau nā kinetochore chromosomes). I ka merotepicheskom kekahi kinetochore ua trapped ma mau auamo. Mea i ka pilina paʻa wale nōʻike mau, bipolar hoopaa e ia lŘlŘ aie i ka hoʻopilikia poe mai o ka auamo, ke 'ē aʻe ka ponaʻana kiʻina hana i lolelua ka a me ka reversible, akā, i ia manawa a hiki i ka wahi o ka kinetochore.