Muscle'aʻaʻa: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo. Hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa

Mea kanu a me nā holoholona OAOOUIEeE ole wale ma ka nānā aku, akā, no hoi, o ka papa, i loko o. Naʻe, i ka mea pono o ke ola - ka mea e hiki iā 'Imi hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka lewa holoholona. Eia nae, ia mea aie a hiki i ke alo i loko o ia o kūikawā'aʻaʻa - Muscle. Ia ke lawe i ka pilina nānā ma.

holoholona'aʻaʻa

Ma ke kino o mammals a me ke kanaka, he 4 ke ano o ka'aʻaʻa naʻau a pau na nā loko, a nenoai e hana i ke koko a me ka hali ana mai nui i hana '.

1. Epithelial. Ano huna kino ipu owaho no paia ua hoalaala ia me mucous membranes, 'ano apau loa serous membranes.
2. Ko mākou hopohopo. Ano a pau nā loko o ka ia inoa'ōnaehana, i nā hiʻona loa nui - excitability a me ka conductivity.
3. Huiiaʻi me. Ua i koe i loko o kekahi 'ano apau loa, a me waiʻona - koko. Ano o ka tendons, ligaments, momona, ahu iho, hoopiha ana i na iwi.
4. Muscle'aʻaʻa, 'ole a me ka oihana a ā nā holoholona a me nā kānaka e hana i kekahiʻano o ka neʻe' ana, a me na mea he nui na hale - aelike, a hoʻonui (i nā ipu, a no laila, ma luna).
   

Ka huina me ka hui pu ana o nā mea a pau o kēia mau laha 'e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka maʻamau' ole a me ka hana ana o na mea ola a pau hoi.

Muscle'aʻaʻa: Mea Maluna

A kūikawā kūlana ma kaʻeleu kanaka a me ka holoholona neoneo Radio he hana kūikawā 'ole. Kona inoa - ka Muscle'aʻaʻa. Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana o kona loa a me ka palapala hana hoihoi.

Maoli, keia'aʻaʻa mea heterogeneous, a i kona iho Mea Maluna. ka mea, e e noʻonoʻo i hou au mamuli. Aia nāʻano likeʻole o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa, e like me:

• ala apuupuu;
• striated;
• naau.

Kēlā me kēia no ia i kona wahi o ka IIeEeAIEUAA i loko o ke kino a me ka hanaʻia pono-i ho'ākāka 'kuleana pili i.

'Ole o ka Muscle keena

A pau ekolu 'ano o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa i kā lākou mall hiʻona. Eia naʻe, i kekahi ke hōʻike pono ole lauana aeea ka noonoo ana e like me ka 'ole.

Mua, ia mea he elongated shape (kekahi manawa, i ka 14 knm),ʻo ia hoʻi, kŰlń ao ma ka holoʻokoʻa muscular kino. Ka lua, ia mea nunui-Kora naʻEsau, no ka mea, i loko o kēia mau keena o ka loa mālama nui kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala keʻano o ka hanaʻana i puka mai ai, ho okumu a me decomposition o ATP nā lātoma.

I ka oi aku Muscle'aʻaʻa 'ole i loko o ia kona keena pihaʻi me myofibrils kaola i hana mau nā polokina - actin a me ka myosin. Ka mea, i ke kumu nui hiʻona o keia 'ole - contractility. Kēlā me kēia pae-e like fibril nāʻaukā e paʻa ai hiki ma lalo o ka microscope like me ka hou mālamalama a me ka pouli. Mau mea kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma, ho okumu i kekahi mea e like kaula makalii. Actin ano he ao alohilohi a me ka myosin - poeleele iho.

Waiwai Muscle'aʻaʻa o kekahi 'ano i loko o ia kā lākou aeee (myocytes) hana i ka pau huiwaina - puluniu laulau paha symplasts. Kēlā me kēia no ia ua hoalaala ia ma luna o ka loko helu accumulations fibrils, oiai ka minuke 'ole hoʻi he o nā polokina kau aʻela ma luna. Ina o ka figurative 'ole o keʻano papa hana, ua noonoo, e huli mai e like me ka matryoshka, - emi mai no ka hou, a pela i hiki i ka loa puluniu pua hui e wehe ai i connective'aʻaʻa i loko o ka nohona ma' ole - he kekahiʻano o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa.

O na papa o ka halepaahao, 'o ia hoʻi, he protoplast, iloko ona i kakauia a pau o ka ia mall eiiiiiaiou e like me kekahi'ē aʻe i loko o ke kino. Ke koena unuhi - i loko o ka nui o ka nuclei a me kā lākou kohoʻia mea,ʻaʻole ma ka waena konu o ka puluniu, a ma kaʻike ākea hapa. ¶ A i loko o ia mahele mea ole no ia i ka aaiaoe mea o ka Kora naʻEsau, a me ka hoʻopiʻi i kūikawā keena, e hali ana i ka inoa o ka ukali. Ka mea, i kekahi hapa o ka myocyteʻili lahilahi a me ka wa e noho hana 'Imi hana -'aʻaʻa ano hoopono, e hoʻihoʻi aku.

Nā waiwai o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa

E like me kekahi'ē aʻe nā hale, i kēia mauʻano o nā'aʻaʻa i ko lakou mau ano, i ole wale 'ole akā, i loko o ka mana hoʻokō. Ke kumu waiwai o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa ma a lakou i hiki ke hana i kēia:

• ho'ēmi;
• excitability;
• conductivity;
• lability.

Aie i ka helu nui o nā aʻalolo olona, ipu koko a me ka capillaries e hanai i na nāʻiʻo, e hiki koke ike i ka peahi ana lāʻau ikiʻai wale. Keia waiwai ua kapaia excitability.

Nō hoʻi nā hiʻona i ka Muscle'aʻaʻa 'ole ai ia e pane koke aku i kekahi mea ukiuki loa, hoʻouna hou i ka momentum i loko o ka cerebral cortex, a me ka spinal ke kaula. Kēia mea he kīnā o ke conduction waiwai. He mea nui no ka mea, ke hiki, e pane koke i hooweliweli 'ole (Nine Inch, me mechanical, physical pūʻulu) - nui i ano no ka maʻamau palekana ola o kekahi meaola.

Muscle'aʻaʻa, 'ole a me ka hana i ka mea hanaʻia - a pau i kēia me ka a pau ua hoemi ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai, contractility. Ua kuhi he ākeʻakeʻa kumu (controllable) ole involuntary (me ka manao e hooponopono) hoemi paha e hoʻoulu ai i ka lōʻihi o ka myocyte. O ke kumu ho i ka myofibrillar kumuʻiʻo (actin a me ka myosin filaments). Ka mea, ke'ō a thinning kokoke i ka invisibility, a laila, koke hoihoi kona 'ole.

He oi loa ka Muscle'aʻaʻa o kekahiʻano. No laila, kūkulu hana o ke kanaka a me ka holoholona naau, kā lākou mauʻoihana a pau o ka maka nāʻiʻo, kaʻapuni kii onohi. He kēia waiwai hoʻolako i ka hiki no kaʻeleu ana, i ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka lewa. O na ua hiki ia e kekahi kanaka,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoemi ina kona nāʻiʻo? Mai hopohopo. Hoala mai, a ma lalo o ka lima, Jump, kūlou iho, ka hula a me ka holo, hana i kekahiʻano o ke kino - mea a pau e kokua i ka e na nāʻiʻo wale. O myofibrils actin a me ka myosin ano ho okumu i lole myocytes.

Ka hope waiwai, a pono e olelo ia o ka lability. Ua komo ai i ka hiki ana o ka lole, e loaa koke aku ma hope o excitation, e hele mai i ka loa hana. Maikaʻi myocytes ke hana i kēia wale nō axons - ke aʻalolo keena.

Ka 'ole o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa, i ka'āina hoʻoili o ka waiwai i makemake ai kiʻiona hiʻona - ke kumu nui no o ka manaʻo o ka helu o ka nui oihana i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka.

ala apuupuu lole

Kekahi ano o ka Muscle. Ua loaʻa mesenchymal kumu. Ua Ua hoʻonohonoho okoa mai na mea e ae. Myocytes liʻiliʻi, kānaka elongated, e hoohalike aiʻia naʻe i loko o ka waena konu o ka puluniu. Ka awelika aeea nui mea ma kahi o 0.5 mm o ka lōʻihi, a he 10 microns ma anawaena.

Protoplast ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ka sarcolemma. ʻO kāna mau 'ōlelo o kekahi mea, akā, i ka hailona o mitochondria. Ke IIeEeAIEUAA o ka aaiaoe mea, hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka cytoplasm karyotheca - ma ka waena konu o ka halepaahao. Ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi Ua hoonohonoho wale lawa, eiiieaena nā polokina, a lipids i malama. Kokoke i ka mitochondria, a me ka cytoplasm puehu miofibrillnye apo i loaʻa ka actin a me ka myosin ma ka liʻiliʻi mea, akā, lawa e ho'ēmi i'aʻaʻa. Endoplasmic reticulum a me ka Golgi eiiieaena i kekahi mau Nohie, a hoemi ma e like me nā keena.

Ala apuupuu Muscle'aʻaʻa hana myocytes kaola (kālī-hoʻokino aeee) ho'ākāka 'ia ma nā hale a innervated efferent a me afferent olona. He malalo i ka hooponopono ana o ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, oa hoemiia, e inu nei me ka manao ana o ke kino.

Ma kekahi laumania nāʻiʻo kino i hanaʻia ma ke kanaka hookahi keena me pakahi innervation. Oiai keia kŰia mea pohihihi keia. I mau, ma laila nō nā papa kuhikuhi ano o ke ala apuupuu Muscle aeee:

• secretory myocytes, a kemikala;
• ala apuupuu.

Malodifferentsirovanna mua pūʻulu o aeee maupaʻa he iiiaanoaa o mitochondria, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia pono hoikeia. Ke cytoplasm Ua maopopo Hahai I laulau o ka contractile myofibrils a me microfilaments.

I ka lua o ka pūʻulu o myocytes hana kūikawā ma o ka hoʻololi kemikala o polysaccharides a me combinative luna 'macromolecular waiwai, mai a hoi kūkulu collagen a me ka elastin. Ka mea, i hua mai la i ka nui hapa o ka intercellular waiwai.

IIeEeAIEUAA i loko o ke kino

Ala apuupuu Muscle'aʻaʻa, 'ole a me ka hana ana ia hanaʻia, ae ia e noʻonoʻo i loko o kekahi nā loko i loko o kekahi mau dala. Mai ka innervation mea i malama i ka mana ma ke kanaka hana i kauoha ia (i kona manao), a me ka IIeEeAIEUAA e e kūpono. E like me:

• na paia o na moku ke koko a me ka aa koko;
• ka hapanui o ka mea na nā loko;
• ili;
• a poʻopoʻo ka a me nā hale.

Ma keia manao, ke ano o ka ha awina o'ōlohelohe Muscle - ka haʻahaʻa-māmā.

oihana

Ka 'ole o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa auhau ia lakou i ka pololei paʻi ma ka mana e hana. Pela, ke ala apuupuu Muscle ua pono no ka mea kēia mau hana:

• manaʻo o ke contraction a me ka hoʻomaha o ka mākaʻi;
• contraction a? anoe o ka lumen o ke koko a me ka lymph ipu;
• ana o na maka i loko o kekahiʻaoʻao;
• hooponopono ana o ka leo o ka bladder a me nā puha nā loko;
• hoomaopopo ana i kekahi naoh i ka hana ana o hormones a me nā Nine Inch;
• kiʻekiʻe ductility a me ka launa pu, keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka excitation a me ka contraction.

Gallbladder, gastric wahi confluence o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, urinary bladder, lymph a me ka arterial koko ipu, aa koko a me na mea he nui drugieorgany - e hiki ke hana pono wale nō ma ka waiwai o ala apuupuu Muscle mea. Management, hookahi manawa i ka hunāhunā mea pololei hana nona iho.

Striated Muscle'aʻaʻa

Ka luna 'ano o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa mea e malama i ka mana ma na kanaka naau, a me ka mea i kuleana no kona ana. He ka hoolei ana o ka palapala o ke olona, - striated.

Mua mākou i maopopo, no ka mea ka mea, ua haawiia mai keia inoa. I ka nānā akula au i loko o ka microscope oe ke ike ia mau hale i ka okoa striations ma kekahi mau kaula makalii - ke kumuʻiʻo actin a me ka myosin filaments mea e i myofibrils. I ua i ke kumu no ia o ka inoa'aʻaʻa.

Keʻa-Muscle'aʻaʻa mea myocytes ec he iiiaanoaa o Kora naʻEsau, a i nō i ka hopena o ka merging mau ke kelepona hele nā hale. O kŰia Ua hoʻokohu 'ia e ka hua'ōlelo "symplast" a me "syncytia." Helehelena olona, poe lōʻihi, elongated paukūʻolokaʻa keena, paa i interconnected, he pono ole intercellular waiwai. Ma ke ala, he mea he'aʻaʻa i lilo 'i ka? Aieao no ka articulation o nā mea a pau myocytes. Ua paʻa ke ala apuupuu Muscle. Connective'aʻaʻa - ke kumu o ka intercellular waiwai, a hiki e nā anuanu a me ka moe kolohe. Ua hoi i ka mea likeʻole ma o tendons, ma a ka striated skeletal nāʻiʻo pili i na iwi.

Myocytes manaoia lole akā, o ka nui nui, e koe he mau hiʻona:

• keena sarcoplasm he nui dala o ka hoopuni distinguishable myofibrils a me microfilaments (actin a me ka myosin i kumu);
• ʻikepili hale e hui i nui nā pūʻulu - ka Muscle olona, a me ka huli 'ana i hanaʻia skeletal Muscle kekahi mau pūʻulu;
• He nui nuclei pono kaheaia reticulum a me Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia;
• pono hoʻomohala lehulehu mitochondria;
• innervation ua lawe mai ma lalo o ka mana o ka somatic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu, i mea consciously;
• luhi puluniu mea kiʻekiʻe, akā hoʻi, a me ka hana ana no hoi;
• lability ma luna o awelika, e hoʻokēʻai ai ke ola ma hope o refraction.

Ma ke kino o ka holoholona a me kanaka striated nāʻiʻo mea, ke ulaula. Kēia Ua wehewehe ma ke alo o ka myoglobin i loko o na olona, - he hana kūikawā kumuʻiʻo. Kēlā me kēia myocyte uhi kokokeʻike makaʻole mai ka waho aniani moakaka iwi - sarcolemma.

I ka manawa'ōpio wale nō o ka holoholona a me kanaka skeletal nāʻiʻo pihaʻi oi anuanu connective'aʻaʻa ma waena o myocytes. Me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa a me ka kūnewa ka mea, ua UAIAaIN ma ka moe kolohe a me ka momona, no laila, na nāʻiʻo e flabby a me ka nawaliwali. I mau, skeletal Muscle lawe mai i ka 75% o ka nui o ke kaumaha. I ka mea, o ka io o ka holoholona, manu a me ka iʻa, a he kanaka ai. 'aiaola waiwai ka loa kiʻekiʻe no i ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau kumuʻiʻo i huiʻia.

Aʻano o striated Muscle, ma ka hou ana i ka iwi, o ka naau o. Hiʻona o kona 'ole hiki ke hoikeia ma ke alo o nāʻano o nā aeee: maʻamau Muscle keena a me cardiomyocytes. I hookuu i ka mea like 'ole me ka iwi. Kuleana no ka hana nona iho contraction o ka naau a me kona oihana a pau. Akā, cardiomyocytes - kekahi oihana mua. Ka mea, eia he uuku ka nui o myofibrils, a nolaila, actin a me ka myosin. Ua paipai He haʻahaʻa hana e ho'ēmi i. Akā, kā lākou hana nei i ka hihia. Na ka papa kūlana - i ka hana o ka excitability o ka naau, i ka rhythmic hoounauna automaticity.

Cardiac Muscle'aʻaʻa ua hanaʻia e hai ai manamana ai o kona lala myocytes, a mahope hoʻohui 'i loko o ka pono' ole o nā lālā. Kekahi koena unuhi mai ka striated skeletal nāʻiʻo - i loko o ia ka cardiac keena komo nuclei, i loko o kona kikowaena hapa. Myofibrillar IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE wahi ma luna o ka periphery.

I nā loko 'ano apau loa?

All skeletal nāʻiʻo o ke kino - ia mea striated Muscle'aʻaʻa. Table ae hōʻike ana i ka IIeEeAIEUAA o na nā'aʻaʻa i loko o ke kino, ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei.

Ke kumukuai no ka meaola

O ka hana i hanaʻia striated Muscle, He pilikia e overestimate. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua mea kuleana no ka loa nui hoʻohanohano i ke ano o ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona - ka hiki, e lawe i kaʻeleu neʻeʻana. A kanaka ke hana i ou wahi lihi iki o ka loa a me ka Ka Uluwehi O Ke hemahema hoi manipulation, a me nā mea a pau o ia e hilinaʻi ma luna o ka hana o skeletal nāʻiʻo. Nui ka poʻe komo i loko o ka hoʻokolokolo pono nooaai? Lākou nāʻiʻo, e hana ana i keia mea nui ka pomaikai i ke aloha i ka waiwai o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa he.

He aha nā hana i hana 'ia e striated Muscle i loko o ke kanaka kino a me na holoholona e noʻonoʻo.

1. Kuleana no ka eiiieaena lehalehu tʻoki, olelo o Emotions, symptoms o ka luna 'manaʻo.
2. Ua kākoʻo i ke kulana o ke kino i loko o ka lewa.
3. Hanaʻia abdominal hoomalu kuleana pili i (e me mechanical hana).
4. Cardiac nāʻiʻo eaaaony ka rhythmic contraction o ka naau.
5. Skeletal nāʻiʻo ka pae'āina ma ka hana i koe o ka moni 'ia, hana i na kaula vocal.
6. E hoÿonohonoho pono ka 'ōlelo neʻeʻana.

Pela, ua hiki ke hoʻopau i ka kēia: ka Muscle'aʻaʻa - nui mall oihana mua o kekahi holoholona kino, e hāʻawi mai iā ia i kekahi mau hanana nā mea hiki. Ka waiwai a me ka 'ole o keʻano o nāʻiʻo i ka nui mana. Ke kumu 'ole o kekahi Muscle myocyte moe - puluniu i hana mai kumuʻiʻo filaments o actin a me ka myosin.