Ke aʻalolo impulse, kona huli ana a me ka EYIʻano papa hana

Ke kanaka ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hana like me ka ano o ka mea nui wahi i loko o ko mākou kino. It? Aaeaao kauoha mai o ka lolo nāʻiʻo, nā loko, nā'aʻaʻa a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka lepa e hele mai ana, mai o lakou. Ke aʻalolo impulse Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ke ano o kaʻikepili lawe. He aha ka mea? Pehea hookeai hana? loaʻa kēia, e like me ka pono me ka helu o nā nīnau e e i ka pane i loko o kēia 'atikala.

He aha mea he nā aʻalolo impulse?

Nolaila, ke kapa nei kakou i ka nalu o ka pīhoihoi e hohola ma na olona, me he pane i ka stimulation o neurons. Kēiaʻano papa hana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ka EYI o ka 'ike mai ka receptors likeʻole o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. A i mai ia, ma ka huli, i kekahi mau nā loko (nāʻiʻo a me glands). A me ka aha kēia kaʻina mea he physiologically? Keʻano papa hana o ka EYI o ke aʻalolo impulse mea i na membranes o neurons hiki lākou electrochemical Loaʻaʻia e hoʻololi i. A mākou e hoihoi i loko o ke kaʻina hana i wahi i loko o synapses. nā aʻalolo impulse ka wikiwiki e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane i loko o 3 i 12 mau mika kekona päkahi. No ka hou lāliʻi e pili ana ia, a me nā kumumea i aloha ia ia, mākou e kamaʻilio.

'ole a me ka hana mahele

Ka mea mua e hooholo ia ana o ke aʻalolo impulse i ua kakaʻikahi e Kelemāniaʻepekema E. Hering a me Helmholtz ma luna o ka hana o ka rana. I ka mea ia manawa, a me ka mea i loaʻa i ka bioelectrical neaiae hoʻopulapula me ka wikiwiki mua hoakaka. Ma mau, keia mea hiki i ke aloha a hiki i ka kūikawā hana o ke aʻalolo olona. Ma kekahi aoao ka mea, e hoohalike ai i ka pila nui uwea. Penei, ina e haule ana na laua me ia, na axons i conductors, a me insulators - kā lākou myelin wahi (ka mea, ho i ka Schwann ke kelepona heleʻili lahilahi, i ua wahi iho la i loko o kekahi mau papa). A, i ka mämä holo o ke aʻalolo impulse hilinaʻi nui kuhikuhi ma ke anawaena o na olona,. Ua Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka lua o ka loa nui ma Hawaiʻi o ka pou'īpale. Incidentally, e like me ke kino i nā puke hoʻohana lipoprotein myelin, i mea dielectric waiwai. Other rula i like, ka mea i oi aku e ia kona, ahu iho, ke aʻalolo impulses e e wikiwiki. A hiki i ka manawa, ua hiki ole ke olelo i keia nenoaiu ua maopopo hoʻokolokolo. Ka uʻi o mea pili i na nā aʻalolo a me impulses, nō waiho i ka mea pohihihi a me ke kumuhana o ka noiʻi.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole a me ka functioning o

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke ala o ke aʻalolo impulse, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka myelin wahi ua i uhiia puluniu ma kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa. Hiʻona o ke kūkulu mea ia ia ka mea he pilikia ia mea pono ia e hoohalikeia me ka hana ana o ka pālolo hō'īpale lole a, i paa i e kui ma ke koʻokoʻo o ka uila uwea (koe ma keia hihia, ke axon). E like me ka hopena - he mea heʻuʻuku, pili-insulated pou wahi, mai a ka ion he hiki wawe ka kahe mai o ka axon i loko o ka 'ia (a Hope versa). A pau keiaʻili lahilahi ka ukiuki o. No ka mea, o keia, i kapaʻia ai ka hanaʻia ka hanauna i loko o mau mea i mea ole kaʻawale. Kēia kaʻina ua kapa aka wahi o Ranvier. Ke alo aku o ia keʻano papa hana e leie aku no e ke aʻalolo impulse hohola nui wikiwiki. E ka kamailio e pili ana i kēia i loko o nā examples. Ke'ī mai, i ka mämä holo o ke aʻalolo impulse i loko o ka nui myelinated puluniu, i ke anawaena o ka i loli aʻe i loko o 10-20 microns o 70-120 mau mika kekona päkahi. 'Oiai, ka poe me ka' ole-e pono ai 'ole, i ka huahelu mea emi o 60 manawa!

Auhea ka mea, i?

Nā aʻalolo impulses ana i loko o ka neurons. Ke hana, e hana i kēia mau "memo" mea i kekahi o ko lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE waiwai. Ua 'oi aku kokololio nā aʻalolo impulse propagation like lepa ma axons ma lōʻihi mamao. No laila, ka mea, o ka mea nui meaola o ia hoʻi, no ka wehe aʻe o ka 'ike i loko o laila. Ikepili ma ka stimulation ua pū i hiki Via ke alapine (frequency) loli o ka hele ana. Ua hoohana ae la o ke Ka Uluwehi O Ke kahua o nā periodicals, i hiki ka huina o na haneri o nā aʻalolo impulses no kekona. Kekahi mau like rula, eia nae nui complication o ka holo kamepiula uilaʻoe. No laila, i ka wa a ke aʻalolo impulses ana i loko o ka neurons, ka mea i encoded ma kekahi alanui, a wale laila pū i hiki. Ma keia hihia, ke ike ua Hoʻohui 'ia ma ka kūikawā "pack", a i he okoa ka helu a me ka ano repetition. A pau keia ua waiho pu, a me ka mea i ke kumu no ka rhythmic uila hana o ka lolo ana e kakau hiki ma electroencephalogram.

aeeaʻAno

Olelo ana e pili ana i ke kaʻina o nā aʻalolo impulse EYI, kekahi hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo i ke aʻalolo aeee (neurons), a ma luna a aia no he hoolilo o ka pou no lepa. No laila, mahalo iā ia kamaʻilio i nā māheleʻano o ko mākou kino. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou 'ole a me ka functionality i ekolu hoailona ia mea:

1. Mea loaʻa (ikepili koʻikoʻi). Ka mea, i encoded, a ua hoohuliia mai i loko o nā aʻalolo impulses a pau thermal, Nine Inch, acoustic, me mechanical a me ka malamalama stimuli.
2. Intercalary (i haawiia e like me ka reflex 'ole o ke alakaʻi mele). Ka mea, e malama aku i ka recycle a me ka hoʻololiʻana lāʻau ikiʻai wale. Lākou nui helu mea i loko o ke kanaka lolo a me ka spinal kaula.
3. Effector (Hawaii). Ka mea, loaa ao ana mai o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana e hōʻoia i hana i kekahi hana (me ka aahu Map e pani i kona mau maka, a no laila, ma luna).

Kēlā me kēia neuron i ka halepaahao kino a me ka kaʻina. Ke alanui o ke aʻalolo impulse ma ke kino hoʻomaka me ka hope. Keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka mau hoailona ia mea:

1. Dendrites. Ka mea, i ka hana o ka pokole o ka ae hookaawale receptors ke aupuni 'ma luna o laila.
2. Axons. Mahalo iā ia, e ho'īli nā aʻalolo impulses mai o ka halepaahao i na hana kino.

An hana hoihoi, ao ke ano o ka

Olelo ana o ka malama ana i keena o ke aʻalolo impulse, ia mea paakiki ole e hai aku ia oe e pili ana i kekahi hana hoihoi koke. No laila, i ka wa a ka mea i wale nō, a laila, e mākou e'ōlelo aku, paʻakai-potasiuma EII ni 'ole i loko o ka neʻeʻana o ka Ion i loko o ia ke ala like e kū ai i ka hopena o ka wai a me ka paʻakai ma loko mawaho. Aie i ka imbalance obtainable Loaʻaʻia likeʻole ma kaʻili lahilahi hiki ke malama mai i ka 70 millivolts. No ka nane hea - ka mea, he 5% i ka maʻamau AA iuo aaoa?. Akā, i ka wā i ka halepaahao loli moku'āina, laila, i ke kūpono equilibrium ua pilikia, a me ka Ion hoʻomaka e e nana e hoole. Kēia ka hana i ka wā e hala ae ma ke ala o ke aʻalolo impulse. Manawa i ka hana o ka hana Ion a me keia hana ua i kapaʻia he hanaʻia. Ka wā e hiki i kekahi huahelu laila, ka mea nana e hoole kaʻina hana, a me ka halepaahao hiki i ka standstill.

Loaʻaʻia hana

Kamailio e pili ana i ka hou 'ana o ke aʻalolo impulse a me kona propagation, ka mea e e kaulana i ka mea makemake e he measly millimeters no kekona. A laila ka mea, e haawi mau lepa a mai o ka lolo, e holo nō ia, i loko o minuke, i mea e ponoʻae nō hoʻi. Eia Radio no hoi he kūlana ma ka hooikaika ana i ka 'auhau o ka hana o ka myelin wahī kūkā mai mamua. A me kona "nā aupuni i" a pau e hoonoho iho i loko o ia i kekahi ala e ka mea, i ka maikaʻi hopena ma luna o ka ka hōʻikeʻana kōmi wale. No laila, i ka wa a ka impulse i ka pau ana o ke kumu nui loa o ka axon o kekahi kino kīnā, ka mea, ua hoolilo ia i kekahi halepaahao, ai (ina ua kamailio e pili ana i ka lolo) lehulehu offshoots o neurons. Akā, ma ka hope hihia mea he iki okoa rula.

Pehea ka mea, ke hana nei ia i loko o ka lolo?

E ka'ōlelo, ka kaʻina o nā aʻalolo impulse hoolilo hana i loko o ka loa nui loa o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Aia neurons, mai ko lakou mau hoalauna kaawale ma wahi i wāhiʻia uuku i ka poe i kaheaia synapses. Ke hanaʻia hiki ole hele ma ia mau mea, no laila,ʻo ia ke imi i kekahi ala e kiʻi ai i ka mea e hiki mai ana nā aʻalolo aeea. I ka pauʻana o kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana, aia no na sacs uuku i ka poe i kaheaia presynaptic vesicles. Kēlā me kēia no ia i ka kūikawā pilina - neurotransmitters. Ka wā e hele mai i ka hanaʻia e, e hookuu ia na nā lātoma mai na pouches. Lakou i kela kapa o ka synapse, a ua pili i ka kūikawā hakakino receptors mea i aia ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi. A pau keia koena ua pilikia, a paha he mea hou hana a Loaʻaʻia kekahi. Ālai 'ia uaʻaʻole iʻike, neuroscientists i këia i ke kahe a hiki i kēia lā.

hana neurotransmitters

A hiki aku ka mea, ke hoʻouna i nā aʻalolo impulses, loaʻa nō kekahi mau koho mea e hiki mai iā ia:

1. Ka mea, e eiei?.
2. Undergo Nine Inch hoʻololi iho.
3. E hoʻi i loko o kou Oe (kapa reuptake).

I ka pau ana o ka 20th kenekulia i kekahi, hikilele ae loaʻa. ʻepekema, ua 'ike akula' ia ai 'e aloha ia na neurotransmitters (like hoʻi me kā lākou mau hoʻomehana honua, a nana e hoole hoʻokokōhi) e hoololi i ka noʻonoʻo moku'āina o kekahi kanaka a loa. No laila, no ka laʻana, he helu o antidepressants e like "Prozac" aeie ka reuptake o serotonin. Aia nō kekahi mau kumu e manaoio i ma ka Parkinson ka maʻi, e'Āhewa no ka nele i loko o ka lolo neurotransmitter dopamine.

Ano, noiʻi ka mokuna Hawaii, ka poe i këia o ke kanaka psyche, ho'āʻo e pohihihi mai ana keia mea a pau e loli ai i ka kanaka manao. I ka manawa, e like me mākou e ole i ka pane i keia ninau apau o: He aha ke kumu o ka neuron e ho okumu i ka hanaʻia? Oiai keʻano papa hana o ka "Launch" o na keena, e i ka malu. Pakahi aku la ia hana hoihoi mai ke kuanaʻike o ka Puzzle o ka papa hana o ka lolo neurons.

Ma pōkole, ka mea hiki ke hana i na tausani o ka neurotransmitters, a i hoouna aku ai ma kā lākou mau hoalauna. Details e pili ana i ka aaioee a me ka hoʻohui 'ana o kēia' ano o ka pana, ua kokoke oe IKE OLE IA. Oiai e hana ana ma keia nui noiʻi pūʻulu. I ka manawa, I huli i ka ike i ka noniakahi a pau i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale loaa mai, a me ka neuronʻo ia i ka hoʻoholo '- ina paha e malama i ka hanaʻia, a hele aku ia ma luna o. Ma keia kumu kaʻina ua ma muli o ka functioning o ke kanaka lolo. Ua pono, a laila ka mea, ke ole kahaha ko oukou naau i mākou e i ike i ka mai a hiki i keia nane.

Kekahiʻimi naʻauao hiʻona

Ma ka 'atikala "nā aʻalolo impulse" a me ka "hanaʻia" e hoʻohana like synonyms. Ma kumumanaʻo keia mea oiaio,ʻoiai i loko o kekahi hihia ia mea e pono ke lawe i ka mooolelo kekahi kūikawā hiʻona. No laila, inā e hele aku i loko o nā mea kiko'ī, i ka hanaʻia,ʻo ia wale nō kekahi hapa o ke aʻalolo impulse. I ka noonoo pono i ka piha 'epekema buke hiki ke loaʻa i ka ai-kapaʻili lahilahi hoʻololi i wale i ke kauoha mai ka maikaʻi i ka io a me ka Hope versa. 'Oiai, ma lalo o ke aʻalolo impulse e maopopo i ka luna' mall a me ka electrochemical kaʻina. Ua Ua haawi ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi o ka neuron like loli he hele hawewe. I ka hanaʻia - wale uila ke keʻena i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ke aʻalolo impulse. Ua characterizes nā loli i hana i ka kūloko malama hapa o kaʻili lahilahi.

Auhea ke aʻalolo impulses?

Hea i ka mea, hoʻomaka mai? Ke pane i keia ninau e haawi aku i kekahi haumāna i ikaika aʻo i ka physiology o ka pīhoihoi. Aia mau eha koho:

1. Mea loaʻa pau ana o ka dendrite. Inā ia mea (ʻaʻole he mea), he mea hiki no ka nui kūpono stimulus, a e ho okumu ana i ka Loaʻaʻia mua regenerative, a laila, a me ke aʻalolo impulse. nociceptors hana like.
2. Kaʻili lahilahi o excitatory synapses. E like me ka rula, keia mea hiki wale i ka wa a loaʻa ka ikaika loa a me kā lākou summation.
3. Dentrida kāhea ciia. Ma keia hihia, kūloko excitatory postsynaptic Loaʻaʻia ua loaʻa ma ka pane ana i ka stimulus. Inā ka'āina mua o Ranvier o myelinated, nō ka mea, ma luna o ka mea i summed. Aie i ka alo malaila o kaʻili lahilahi hapa, a i mahuahua pā lonoaʻili, me he ala he nā aʻalolo impulse.
4. Axon Iegasaduha. A kapa i ka wahi, kahi a ke axon huli no. Mound - keia mea i ka loa pinepine lāʻau ikiʻai wale, e hana i ka neuron. Ma nā mea a pau na wahi, a i ike mua, i ko lakou helehelena ka nui emi paha. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i 'aneʻi i kaʻili lahilahi mai ka mahuahua pā lonoaʻili, a hoemi noho pilikiaʻilikai depolarization. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ana i ka summation o na mea he nui excitatory postsynaptic Loaʻaʻia, i ka wā reacts ia ia ho okumu ana.

Eia nä ÿale e excitation

Moʻolelo 'inikua hua'ōlelo hiki i ka huikau kanaka minute. E koho i kēia, e pono ke kuai pokole hele aku ma ka hōʻikeʻiaʻana o kaʻike. Me lakou i mea hoike, lawe i ke ahi.

E hoʻomanaʻo i ke kūkala nūhou papa hoike mai ka hope o ke kau, (e like me ka mea koke, e e hiki, e hoolohe hou). Ke ahi hohola! Ma keia hihia i nā lāʻau a me ka laau uuku i i kuni i noho i loko o ko lakou mau nohoalii. Akā, i ke ahi alo hele aku, mai o ka wahi, kahi āna i ke kumu o ke ahi. Like me, ka hana a na ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

He pinepine pono e reassure i ka hoʻomaka o ka excitation o ka'emi ko kahua. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā oluolu i ka hana, e like me ia ma ka hihia o ke ahi. E hana i kēiaʻimi hoʻopunipuni neuron 'ākeʻakeʻa hana (no ka lāʻau lapaʻau hana), a hana i kekahiʻano o physiologicalʻano. Ua hiki ke hoohalikeia ia i ke ahi ma ka ninini ana i ka wai.