"Ke Ke'ena o ko mākou manawa": ka mo'olelo o ka hana'ana o ka puke mo'olelo

Ua pili kēia'atikala i ka puke "The Hero of Our Time". 'O ka mō'aukala o ka hana'ana he mea'olu'olu loa a me ka'ike'ole. 'A'ole mākou i'ike i nā kiko'ī o ka hana pololei a Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov ma luna o ka kikokikona o kēia hana. Ma muli o ke'ano he nui'ole nā mea i iho mai iā mākou: he mau mea ke'oke'o ke'oke'o a me ka pepa kākau, a me nā'ike o ka po'e mele a me ka mea kākau pono'ī.

Ma muli o kēia, e hō'ili'ili ana i nā'ike a me nā mea pono, pono iā mākou ke ho'opau me kekahi māhele o ka hypotheticality i nā kumu nui a me nā kiko'ī o ka kākau'ana o Mikhail Yurievich "The Hero of Our Time". 'O ka mo'olelo o ka hana'ana o kēia puke, i mana'o'ia he pinnacle o ka hana a ka mea mele, e nānā'ia e mākou ma muli o kēia'ike.

Memories o Shang-Giray

'O AP Shan-Giray me kona mau ho'omana'o e hā'awi mai iā mākou kekahi mau'ike e pili ana i ka hana a ka haku mele ma kēia hana. Ua hō'ike mai kēia pili a me ka hoaaloha o ka mea haku mele'o ka "Hero of Our Time", nona ka mo'olelo o ke kumulipo'a i makemake ai, ua ho'omaka'ia ma hope o ka ho'i'ana o Lermontov mai ka lawe pio mua'ana ma St. Petersburg, i ka makahiki 1838. Ho'opili ka hapa nui o nā Lermontovologists i kēia mana'o. Akā, aia nā'ikepili e hā'awi ana iā mākou e mana'o'i'o i ka makahiki 1837 i kākau'ia ka "Tamani". I kēia lā, ua'ike'ia kahi kope o kēia puke me kahi palapala a Viskovaty, kahi i'ōlelo ai ua kākau'ia kēia manuscript e Shang-Giray, kahi hoahānau o Lermontov, ka mea a kekahi po'e i ha'i i kāna mau hana i kekahi manawa. 'Oiai, ua'ōlelo'ia'o "Taman" mai ke kope hukikala'ana, a'a'ole ho'i i'āhewa'ia ('ike'ia kēia ma ka ma'ema'e o ke kope).

Ua ho'opa'a'ia kēia mana'o e ka nui o nā hō'ailona o nā pilikana a me nā lā o kēia au. 'O kekahi la'ana,'o Grigorovich, ka mea i'ike i kahi'ōmole'ōlohelohe o kēia hana, kākau i loko o nā memo e pili ana ka mo'olelo'o "Taman" mai ka ho'omaka'ana i ka hopena me kahi mele mele ho'okahi. Akā inā e lawe'oe i ka palapala mua, a laila hiki ke'ike'ia ua piha i nā ho'okomo, ua huki hou'ia, aia ka nui o nā kaha ma nā'āpana pepa i kāwili'ia me nā mea wili.

Nā Luna Nui o Zhigmont

Akā,'o Grigorovich,'a'ole i'ōlelo iki e pili ana i kahi o kēia pūnaewele, a me ka mea nona ia. Akā i kēia lā, ua'ike'ia kahi mea ho'omana'o hou, e hō'ike ana i ka mo'olelo o kēia au hou. I ka makahiki 1947, ua pa'i lākou i ka nūpepa me PS Zhigmont, he pilina o ka mea ho'okani mele, kāna mea ho'olaha ki'i nui, PA Viskovaty. Ua hō'ike'o Zhigmont i ka makahiki 1839 ma Stavropol, kahaki'i ka po'a iā "Taman", a laila hā'awi iā Petrov, nona ka mea i ola.

Ua hana'ia kēia lā, no laila, he hapalua haneli ma hope o ka hopena, a'o ka mea kākau o nā memo i kākau iho ua kākau'ole'o ia i kēlā lā. Ua'ike'o A. Popov i ka hui'o S.O. Zhigmont a me Lermontov i ka makahiki 1837 ma Stavropol, a ma ka makahiki 1839'a'ole kekahi o lākou ma kēia kūlanakauhale. No laila, ma ka makahiki 1837, e ho'okomo'ia kekahi pāhana "Tamani".

Kahi o Lermontov i ka manawa o ka hana ma ka hana

Ma ke'ano he'oia'i'o, ua ho'okumu'ia kēia mo'olelo ma luna o ka mea i hana'ia ma Sepatemaba 1837 e Mikhail Yurievich. I Nowemapa, ua noho'o ia ma Tiflis. Aia kēia manawa e komo pū ana kāna ki'i ki'i nui loa i kapa'ia "Aia wau i Tiflis." Convincingly hoʻopaʻapaʻa ke kumu I. ia Anederoniko, i ka mea iloko o ka germs o "fatalists" a me ka "Taman". Ho'oholo kekahi ma muli o ka no'ono'o o ka mana'o "syncretic" a ua pa'akikī, ua ho'oholo ka mea kākau e ho'ohele iā ia i'elua'āpana, e ki'i mua ana i ka "Taman", i ka wā o ka'auwana'ana iā Nowemapa-December 1837, a laila "Fatalist." Mai kēia ho'omaka mai ka hana "Hero of Our Time" ka mo'olelo o ka hana. 'O ka māhele a me ka ho'ohui'ana o ka mo'olelo i hana i nā loli nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma hope wale nō ua ho'opiha'ia'o ia me kēia mau mea'elua. I ka malama'o Kekemapa, e ho'i ana i St. Petersburg, ua kū ka mea haku mele no kekahi manawa pōkole ma Sevastopol, kahi i hui ai me S. O. Zhigmont a me Petrov, kona mau hanauna. I kēia manawa,'o ka kākau hou'ana o "Taman", Mikhail Yurievich, ua waiho'ia kāna pepa i Petrov. I kēlā manawa ua'ike'o ia iā Grigorovich.

I ka manawa i kākau'ia ai "Taman" ("Hero of Our Time")?

Ua ho'omau'ia ka mo'olelo o ka hana (kahi e noho pōkole ai mākou ma nā'ao'ao a pau o ka mo'olelo). 'O ka'aila i hō'ili'ili'ia, pēlā, e'ae ai i ka hana ma luna o ke ki'i'o "Taman" e pili ana i ka manawa mai Sepatemaba a Kekemapa 1837,'oiai i ka mahina o Kepakemapa ka mea haku ma Taman, ai ka hopena o Kekemapa, ua ha'alele'o Mikhail Yurievich iā Sevastopol. Ma kēia'ano, he mea ia, hiki ke ho'okūpa'a'ia ma kēia,'a'ole i ka 1838, e like me ka nui o nā mea noi'i i mana'o'i'o, ua ho'omaka'ia ka mana'o o ka hana "The Hero of Our Time". 'O ka mō'aukala o kona hana'ana, pēlā nō ia e wehe ai mai Sepatemaba a Kekemapa 1837.

Ua pili'o "Taman" i ka ho'olālā mua o ka puke?

I kēia manawa, ua wikiwiki kēia hopena, no ka mea, aia nā hō'ike e "'a'ole i komo mua'o" Taman "ma ka papahana o ka mo'olelo, i puka mai ma hope mai, no ka mea,'a'ole i kū i ka ki'i o Pechorin, ke kanaka o kēia puke.

'O ka mea mua,'a'ole i'ōlelo'ia ka inoa o ka mea kū'ē i ka hana ma "Taman". 'O ka lua, ua'ike'ia mai e "Princess Mary" ua ho'oku'u'ia kēia'ano i ka Caucasus no kekahi "mo'olelo". Akā,'a'ole i like ka "hero" o "Taman" i ka pio i hiki mai mai St. Petersburg mai.

'O ka kolu, ma nā mo'olelo hou a me nā mo'olelo,'o Maksim Maksimych ka inoa e hō'ike mau'ia a hō'ike'ia paha, he "pass-through character"'o ia ka hō'ailona o Pechorin. I ka "Taman" wale nō.

Aia kekahi kumu e mana'o ai ua kākau'ia ka "Fatalist" ma waho, ma hope o "Taman", no ka pili'ana i kēia puke,'oiai, i ka ho'omaka'ana o 1838, ma hope o ka ho'i'ana o Mikhail Yurievich i St. Petersburg.

Nā hi'ohi'ona o ka hana ho'olālā o Lermontov

'O kahi'ano o ka mana hana ho'onā o kēia mea kākau,'o ia ka hana like'ole ma nā hana he nui. Me ka ho'oikaika'ana i nā papa mua o ka mo'olelo "The Hero of Our Time",'o ka mo'olelo o ka hana'ana i hō'ike'ia ma kēia'atikala, ua hana pū ka mea haku i nā unuhi hope loa o ka Demon. I ka malama'o Kepakemapa 1838, ua pau ke ono o ka makahiki,'o Dekemaba - kahiku, a me ka walu - i Ianuali 1839.

Nā'ōlelo mua

Ua pa'i 'ia "Bela" ma Malaki 1839 ma "Notes for the Landland".

I'Aukake o kēlā makahiki, ua ho'opau'ia ka mele "Mtsyri", a ma ia manawa e ho'omaka ana ka ho'omākaukau nui o ka "Hero of Our Time" no ka pa'i'ana. A laila ua ho'ololi maoli'ia ka papa inoa o ka puke -'o ia ka puke "Fatalist". Pēlā, ho'omau ka mo'olelo o nā mea i hana'ia. 'O ka "po'o o ko mākou manawa" e'ike nei i kēia wā,'o ia ka puke'elua. 'O ka'ike e pili ana i ka mua he mea li'ili'i ia, akā hiki ke ho'oholo'ia'o ia wale nō nā hana a Maxim Maksimych, Bela, a me ke Kamāli'iwahine Mary.

'O ka ho'okomo'ia'ana o ka "Fatalist" i ho'ololi'ia ma mua no ka mea aia kahi pilina ma waena o Pechorin a me ka mea kākau. Eia hou kēia puke, hoopa iho la i ka loa nui ka nohona pilikia o ka hanauna, kēia Lermontov.

Ke hoʻi o keia hana ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ka philosophising o ka puke, a haawi mai la i oi aku ka hohonu kiʻi o Pechorin.

Ke ho'omau nei mākou e no'ono'o i ka hana "Hero of Our Time". Ua hō'ike'ia ka mo'olelo o ka mo'olelo, e ha'i pōkole'ia e nā hanana hou a'e.

'O ka lua o ka papahana o ka hana i pili i 1839, ka manawa mai'Apakeba a Kekemapa. A laila ua haku'ia'o ia i'elua mau mo'olelo pokole a me nā mo'olelo'elua e pili ana i ka "The Hero of Our Time". 'O ka mo'olelo o ka hana'ana, e hō'ike'ia ma lalo nei ka papahana o ka mo'olelo ma ka hope hope loa. Ua māhele'ia kēia mahele o ka hana i nā'ao'ao'elua: nā mana'o o ka luna,'o ia ka mea kākau mo'olelo, a me nā'ōlelo a ka mea koa. 'O ka mua i komo i ka mo'olelo "Bela" a me ka mo'olelo "Maxim Maksimych", a'o ka lua - ka mo'olelo'o "Fatalist" a me ka mo'olelo'o "Princess Mary".

Ka pae hope o ka hana

Ke ho'omau nei mākou e ha'i iā'oe e pili ana i ka mo'aukala o ka hana'ana i kēia hana. 'O ka "Hero o ko mākou manawa" i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1839, ua ho'ololi nui'ia i ka ho'omākaukau'ana i ka puke no ka puke kū'oko'a. I kēia manawa, i ka hopena, ua ho'okomo'ia'o "Taman" i loko o laila, a ua ho'oili'ia nā hana a ka mea kākau mo'olelo, e like me ka "Fatalist" i ka mea kākau mai ka mea kākau mo'olelo. I loko o kēia puke e'eono mau "mokuna"'eono. Ua komo pū kēia i ka "Foreword" i nā mana'o o ka mea koa - "Pechorin's Magazine" -'o Bel Bellyky i kapa'ia'o "po'o", no ka mea nui. I loko o kēia ka'ina o ka poet i māhele'ia i'elua mau māhele o ka puke,'o ia wale nō ka mea i hō'ike'ia. A i kēia hana hope loa o ka hana'ana, ka ho'ākāka'ana i ka inoa hope loa o ka hana.

'O ka pa'i'ia o ka puke hope loa o ka puke "The Hero of Our Time"

Ua ho'opau'ia ka mo'olelo o ka puke e like me kēia. I ka malama'o Fepuari, ua loa'a ka'ae'ana no ka ho'opa'i'ana i kēia hana. Ua kū'ai'ia ka puke i ka lā'o'Apelila 1840, a he makahiki ma hope mai, ua pa'i'ia ma ka puke'elua, a'o ia ka'ōlelo mua i ka hana holo'oko'a, i haku'ia e Lermontov, i'ike'ia i ka lā'o Februari 1841.

No laila, ma ka hopena, ua wehewehe'ia ka papahana "canonical" o ka mo'olelo "The Hero of Our Time". 'O ka mo'olelo o ka hana'ana i kēia hana,'o ia kekahi o nā mea maika'i loa i ka 1900, ke pau nei.