Ke Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii. Description o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a

Ka moolelo o ko mākou'āina, mea fraught me ka hailonaʻana o nā hana hoihoi a me ka nui hanana, inoa o koʻikoʻi kiʻi a me ka inoa o kēia mau kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi ma kahi e hanaʻi, a noho iho la. Pela, i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka wa kahiko nui loa i ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii, i mea i pili loa i kekahi mau koʻikoʻi inoa a me nā hanana.

Eia naʻe, kona mōʻaukala, a me nā wahi kanaka nei i ka hailona emi. I kēia mau lā mākou e kūkākūkā ana i ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii, a me kona nā 'ano.

kumu 'ike

Mua, ka mea i kapaia o ka Rostov-Suzdal aina, a i aia ma waena o ka muliwai Oka a me Volga. I ka'āina i mau ike okoa ia nui momona soils. Ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XII kenekuliaʻaneʻi ka mea, ua he nui, a pono-hoʻokumu seigniorial nenoaiie o ka aina loiloi. No ka mea, ma ia mau wahi, ua nui ka ulu lāʻau, a pau mau mea o ka momona aina aia ma waena o lākou. Ka mea, loaa ae nei i ka inoa Opole (ka manawa ua loko mai o ka hua'ōlelo "kula"). No kekahi manawa lōʻihi ma ka na'lii i ke kulanakauhale o Yuriev-Polsky (ka mea, ua pono i noho ai i loko o Opole wahi). He aha e noho ana i ka ? Aneie rula o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii?

Inā e like me ka Dnieper māhele 'āina i kēia wahi, ua kokoke loa ka huliauʻaneʻi. E haawi i ko ua kŘpa a nui (no ka manawa), akā, i ka lawai-a, iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu, a beekeeping, i i? Ac? I loko o ia mau wahi, i kekahi kiʻi "perk". Ka hoailona Leeuwerikplein wahi o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a me konaʻano i hoʻohalahala rula alakai ai i ka mea i ka Slavs hele mai iʻaneʻi ma hope,ʻalo me ka lāhui 'ōiwi Finno-Ugric heluna.

Distance mai-oaio? A mai o ka noho ana o ia mau manawa i alakai aku ai i ka mea i Vladimir-Suzdal ka loihi pale aku i ka forcible kau o Kristiano ma Kiev.

Leeuwerikplein wahi

People 'aneʻi o Laielohelohe ma ke kū hoʻokahi Leeuwerikplein kulana: Ua hoomalu pono i ka aina, mai ka hoouka, mai nāʻaoʻao hohonu muliwai, nui wahi Swamp a me impenetrable ululaau. Mākou e mai poina i ua pono i ka mea i uhiʻia kona hema palena ma nā Slavic mau poʻokela, ka poe e hoomalu i ka poʻe i noho ma kēia mau aina, mai o nā kaua o na nomads ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii.

I ka pomaikai ana o ke alii i ka nānā 'ana no hoi ma ka nui nui o kanaka mahuka kanaka ka poe i hele aku i ka kūloko nahele mai a pau na mea kaua a me ka hoaie dala aliʻi luna ka henchmen.

Main ano Vladimir-Suzdal

Aʻokoʻa ma mua o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii. Papaaina maikai hōʻikeʻano o kona papa, ao ke ano.

About waiwai kuai

Na aina o Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a kau i ka Volga kalepa ala, a e pili ana i kēia mau'āina a me ka East. Kuai i ua loa ponoʻaneʻi. 'Aʻole surprisingly, i loko o kēia mau aina i hele koke lawa ka ikaika a me ka waiwai ano hanohano, i ua ole he kilo ma Kyiv, a no ia mea, hoomaka lakou i ka paʻa oihana, a imi Kuokoa. Penei, o ka loa Leeuwerikplein kulana o Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a ka pilina i ka haku ana o ka loihi o waiwai "moku'āina i loko o ka moku'āina."

Kokua ia ia i loko o ka alualu o keia ka mea i e huli i ka kūloko kae o ko lākou mau noonoo ana i ka luna, aole i ke aumoe, no ka mea, o ka wahi ma luna o ka noho aliʻi i loko o ke kaawale ana aina i manao wale nō no nā keiki kāne kaikaina, ka mea i mau mea i makemakeia e wehe mai Kiev. Wale ia Monomakh hele mai la i ka mana, ka ikaika a me ka nani o ka moku'āina i hoomaka ai e ulu hikiwawe loa. Ia mea ke kumu o ka hereditary fiefdom Monomakh lilo i ka inoa o Vladimir-Suzdal, he palapala 'āina o ka i loaa hou na aina koke.

Ma waena o nā hualoaʻa aina-township a me nā mamo Vladimir Monomakh hoʻokumu ikaika ano lauleaʻaneʻi mua aku ma mua i loko o nā'āina, ai maʻa hoʻi i ka noʻonoʻo o nā keiki kāne a me nā keiki a Monomakh pehea lākou mau luna. Ke influx o ka hooilina, kena ae la ia e ka, pili oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe, i ka ulu a me ka muli o hou kulanakauhale paa i ka waiwai a me ka pili aupuni ala hou ana o ka māhele 'āina. Ma ka hihia ma luna o ka mana o ka Rostov-Suzdal aliʻi, ua nui nā kumu waiwai.

Opole

Ka Mahiai i loko o ia mau lā koi 'ia o ka kupaianaha perseverance. Akā, ma ka aina Vladimir-Suzdal i ole haawi aku i kekahi hoʻohiki, a hiki loa ia. Ma ka kekahi hapaumi i loko o ka XII kenekulia ma lalo o ka loa a pau e pono ana e hoʻokele e ohi i oi aku mamua o 800 kg ole. Eia naʻe, i loko o ia mau lā ka mea, ua pono ka lole, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii, i ke ano o ka i ua hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka 'atikala koke lilo waiwai.

Akā, me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ka kūloko kauwa i maopopo ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pipi. Ka mea, piha iho aneane pau breeds o ka holoholona: bipi, lio, kao a me ka hipa. Ke'ī mai, ma ka hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana i loko o ia mau wahi i ka puu o ka hao pahi, a i hoʻohana no ka mauʻu. O ka nui i ka? Aneii o nā lio, a i massively hoʻohana i ka kaua hana.

"Ka hua o ka honua"

Ka hola i loko o ka XII kenekulia, ka lae e like me horticulture. Kona papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia pono o ka maka ( "ihu"). Oi loa aku hoi i ka puu o ia i ua loaʻa i loko o Suzdal. Ka Hale Pule Nui o ka hānauʻana o ke kulanakauhale, he mea i ke kiʻi o Adamu. i ke kiʻi lepe kiʻi wehewehe i "Adamu eli ana stigma." Ke'ī mai, ka mea a pau mōʻaukala o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka ikaika hana o nā mākau o kona poʻe e noho ana.

Ka hola i loko o ka hookahi kenekulia hoʻomaka e hoʻoikaika i mālama nui ka mahiʻai mala. Surprisingly, ka mea, ua laila wale nō he wahi lihi iki o ka makaainana. Keia ua hou hookupaa iho la ia ma ka lehulehu hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana, i ka wā a he nui helu o nā koena o na kahiko kii onohi kīhāpai i ua loaʻa. hoi aku nei au Tradition ia mahope mai o ka XII kenekulia ma ka ?? eoi? o ka na'lii a hoomaka ae la e waiho i ka nui helu o kamako iki kīhāpai. Wā i kākau ai i ke kulanakauhale o Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii o ka "momi o Rusia."

Ma naʻe o ka nui kalepa hoomaka ae la e hoʻomohala mahiʻai a me ka horticulture, i ka heluna hoʻomau i ka 'Imi komo i loko o apiculture, imi mea hihiu ana a me ka lawaiʻa. Nā hanaʻeliʻana i loaʻa i ka nui nui o ka upena, lou, nā huina lāʻau lana, a koe o ka iʻa i paʻa. He aha hou aʻe hūnā i ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a? Ano ka mea, e ia he kāpili ina mākou e ole kamailio e pili ana i ke akamai, a ninoaaeyao kona poʻe e noho ana.

House

Me ka artisans ole e hoi i noonoo ai i ke ola o ka hookahi na'lii i loko o kēlā mau makahiki. Interestingly, i loko o kēlā mau kenekulia haku specialization ka oko ao wale ma luna o ka hoʻopau 'ana i huina hoonui, aole i ma mua o ka mea. No laila, sedelschik i ka ike maikaʻi o ole wale na ki ina hana like o ka lapaau ana o kaʻili, akā, i ka mea likeʻole i kūpono o ka coinage me ka mea ana i hoonaniia i kona huina hoonui, e ka mea paha oi uʻi i Loaʻaʻia nā kānaka kūʻai mai. No ka poe paahana Noho wale nō ma "nā" rula, i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o ka hoʻomaka koke ka pukaʻana artisans holoʻokoʻa noho.

Kekahi hale i i kūikawā e'a'ā ana no ka mea, ua loaʻa smelting poe hana, i i hoʻouka kekahiʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao a me ka poe ma i ka ai ua hoomakaukau ai. Kekahi artisans hana wale ma ka noi. Kekahi, hiki loa aku o lakou waeʻano o na haku, hana nā huahana no ka mea nui ke kūʻai akuʻana o ko lākou mau hoʻokiwikā aha kanaka, a kauoha kuai ana i ka itinerant kalepa, ka poe i loa leʻaleʻa o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii. Pokole kamailio e pili ana i ka mea'ē aʻe papa, i i haawi iwaena o ka kūloko heluna.

Mai ka XII kenekulia, ia? Ac? Hoʻomaka koke i ka ia akamai i ka poe hanohano ma ke koena o ka Kievan Rus. Eia naʻe, mai kaʻoihana aliʻi o ia wā, ka mea, penei i ke kumu hana o ka kūloko heluna koke lilo woodworking. Ma ka papa o na hanaʻeliʻana i ka puu o na mea paahana, no ka hana me ka wahie. No emi mai kahiko oihana i loko o ia mau wahi ua Pottery.

Ka hooulu ana o ka Pottery i loko o ka na'lii a

Hoike oʻeleu? Acaeoey o ke akamai o ka Pottery o ka hana ana o ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui i ka pau ana o ka XII kenekulia. Ma na kapa o ka uuku muliwai Kamenka loaʻa i ka i koe iho o ekolu nunui kilns, kela mea keia mea o ka i hiki ke hoʻoili ma ka elima tausani pōhaku lepo i kekahi manawa. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i loko o ka ia wā, i nā paahana E ke Kumu i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka wai a me nā kile. Lākou Ana hiki 19x19 knm, i loko o ia mau lā i kekahi maoliʻanoʻenehana Ua Hopu. E hana i nā kile hou maikai, artisans hoʻohana he nui ka papa inoa o nā 'ano o nā enamels a me glazes.

Me ia he akea a me ka waiwai huahelu o ka waiwai? Acaeoey o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a hele aku la ia ma ka lele pūʻana a me ka pale a, me ke kālā kahe he palahalaha kahawai i loko o kona mau pahu.

Art pohaku aaioee

Fasteners hoomaka ae la ka hana e hoʻomōhala i ka pau ana o ka XII kenekulia, ka haku loa koke loaʻa mea kupaianaha wahi kiʻekiʻe a pau i loko o kā lākou hana. Ma nā kūlanakauhale o ka na'lii, ua nui na paahana, stonecutters. No coincidence i na mea he nui o Suzdal boyars o Vladimir contemptuously kapaia "na kauwakane a me na kalaipohaku." Ma ka hopena o 40-ies ma Suzdal he mea he kauä kuapaʻa kaawale o na kalaipohaku. Ka mea, ua i kona haku i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka hana o ka maha o Pereslavl-Zaleski, Yuriev-Polsky, Suzdal. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i kukulu i ka aina e noho ai i loko o Kideksha.

? Ac? O blacksmithing

Hana i ka hana i loko o kēia mau mea i kekahi i loaa loa he ākea, a ka mea ua nui loa holomua. Inā, hou, hoʻi i ke kumuhana o ka hanaʻeliʻana, i loko o ka papa o ka ike mai ai ia i ka nui helu o ka hana i na mea paahana. Kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Vyazniki i loko o kekahi hale i loaʻa nui Eia kekahi laʻana o ka bog na mea i eliia e paipai i ke ākea laha ana o keia oe mawaena o na kanaka e noho ana ma ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii. Ma pōkole, ka mea, ua maikaʻi loa poe paahana.

Ke climax o ka kūloko hana mākau lilo nui nā keʻa o ka mea mahuʻi a me Dmitrievsky cathedrals, hoʻonaniʻia me ke kii ana o ka manu nunu weathervane, a me ka palaoa maikai akamai i ke keleawe. Akā, Kalikimaka, a me ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui o Vladimir kona nani keleawe palaoa hoopuni hōʻole i nā mea a pau.

Weaponsmithing

Akā, oi loa aku hoi i ka manawa o ka kūloko blacksmiths ku waeʻano gunsmiths. Ka mea, i Sholom Yaroslav Vsevolodovich a me battleaxe Andreya Bogolyubskogo, a e e noonoo ole wale specimens o ka hana, akā, i Jewelry craftsmanship. No kaulana hualoaʻa kila.

Eia hou kekahi, archaeologists loaʻa pīhoihoi lākou eʻike koke iho la laua i uka i ke kakaka, mai i hiki e holo ehiku pua. Ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia no ia i kahi o 170 mau kenimika, a koke kaupaona 2,5 kg. Loa paha, i ko lakou kahiko kakaolelo i kapaia "shereshirami". No i komo ai poe paahana, ka poe i hana i ka manufacturing papa.

loaʻa Suzdal a Vladimir hana hiki i ka paka ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima specimens o kila huahana, e halihali i ka mea hookahi manawa hou ma mua o 16 kekahi mau meaʻai poʻokela pepa Archeologists.

Hili a me ka hana ana me fabrics

Aia ua laha ma ka ulana, me pono me keʻano o ke ano o ka spinning. Iloko o na hanaʻeliʻana ia i loaʻa ole wale na hana i kēia mau akamai, akā, kekahi koena o fabrics. Ua huli mai e ike i ka Lūkini haku i loko o kēia mau wahi i kanalima Nails i kūpono, a me ka loa Uluwehi O. Nā mea e noho ana i ka loa like: ili, für, silika a me ka pulupulu. Ma fabrics ma na hihia la i ka malamaia nani ua humulauʻia me ke kālā pae.

Mai ka na'lii a ua lōʻihi ua ulu holoholona mahinaai, a me ka hanaili, aia i loko o kēia mau wahi pono a lawa. Suzdal haku i kaulana loa ma o aku o na palena o ko lakou aina o loaʻa kekahi mea e like ai yuft a me ka morocco nā kamaʻa puki. Ma kākoʻo mai o keia luawai-ʻikeʻia i loko o kā lākou mau pōʻai Kumu NN Voronin loaʻa i hanaʻeliʻana i loko o kekahi mau backyards o ka hailonaʻana o ka "make welau." No laila, i loko o ia mau lā ka mea i kapa'āpana o ka bipi iwi, hoʻohana no ka machining tehasa.

Lapaʻau o ka iwi

Ua Ua ikeia e na kamaaina a me ke akamai iwi carvers. ʻaneʻane kelaʻauwaha hanaʻeliʻana e hālāwai me lehulehu iwi pihi, waihona meli, a me ko ka hale ona accessories. Kahi o kŘpa a he ākea hookipa mai a me ka Jewelry craftsmanship i loko o ka ia wā. Like Vladimir a Suzdal nui ka hopena he coppersmiths i loaʻa. Jewelers ia me ka mea huli mai, kona hana hoʻohana 'oi ma mua o 60' ano o nā 'ano apau loa no kekahi mau hana. Special mahalo i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a puni pepehi mau haku, ka poe i hana i huahana mai ke gula.

Ka mea, loaʻa he kupee, a me kela ano keia ano o ka pūpū i, pendants a me nā pihi i i ua masterfully hoʻonaniʻia me nā enamels me loa luna '? Iecaianoaaiiuo kalapona. e hoʻokele a pau o Vladimir haku, mai kekahi gram o ke kālā, e huki i ka kilomika o maikaʻi pae!

papa hana

He aha hou aʻe i nā hiʻona o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii? E like me mākou i mai la ia ia, i ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka mea nui wale kalepa? Ooia i holo ma kona mokuna. Archaeologists i mau aee'Ākia malihini i loaʻa (dirhems), i maopopo hookupaa iho la ia i ka pili kalepa ana o Vladimir, a Suzdal me ka loihi aina. Akā, i wahi lulu kuai ulu: ka mea, ua oi aku kekahi 'i ka pili aloha me Novgorod, a me a ka kūloko poe kalepa hana i loko o ka ai kuai.

No emi, pili i ka oihana me Byzantium, e like me nā'āina he nuiʻEulopa. No ua'ōlelo muliwai ke kāki hoʻouna alanui. Naʻe, i ka i nā aliʻi mau pololei blyuli mea, a ma uka o ka oihana mau kuamoo, e like me ka discord i loko o ka pilina me ka poʻe kālepa hiki i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma ka pono o ka aina.

ʻO lākou nā hiʻona o ka Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii.