Ke Logical hana. Ke kumu o ke kūpili ana

Kamepiula 'epekema e like me ka' epekema no kaʻohiʻohi i kūpono, hoonohonoho a me ke kō i kekahiʻano o kaʻikepili hoʻomaka e hoʻomōhala i loko o ka hapalua like-iwakalua kenekulia. Oiai kekahi poʻe paʻa moʻolelo manaʻo i ka mea i waiho ai ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o ke kamepiula 'epekema ma ka 17th kenekulia, a me ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka mea mua ma paʻi me ka m'kini helu, ka hapanui hui ia me ka makahiki o ka oi holomua kamepiula enehana. Ma na 40s o ka 20th ke kenekulia, me ka Hekikai o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe mua, kamepiula epekema ua loaa i ka hou impetus i ka ulu ana.

Ke kumuhana o ka mahele Informatics

Ua ua me ka Hekikai o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe mua ua lilo pono e hoʻomōhala hou ano o ka systematization, i ka ho omaulia a me aaioee o ka nui ikepili e puhi ia, e like me ka pono me i loko o ka ulu ana o ka algorithms i makemake i ka piha Loaʻaʻia o ka hou kamepiula' ē aʻe ae. Informatics loaa i ke kūlana o ka kūʻokoʻa 'epekema ka hoʻopaʻi, a ua neʻe mai o ka pelane o makemakika hoʻomaulia e noiʻi i computation i mau.

All kēia kamepiula 'epekema ua nānā' ana ma luna o Logical hana. Ka mea hiki ke kapaia ka apau o ke keʻena. Ma iaaiey, kamepiula nenoai i ka manaʻo o ke kūpili hana - ia mea he hana, i ua ua loaʻa ma hope o ka lawelaweʻana i ka hou manaʻo a me ka waiwai i hanaʻia ma luna o ka muli o nei manaÿo. He poʻe o ia mau hana i oko ma ka unu lawelawe hehee ai, e hoʻopaʻi kauoha. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō kekahi mau hana i meaʻole i kaʻaneʻane a pau na nenoai. Keia hana, a hana me ka maʻiʻo Values lakou iho, e like me hōʻole, a me ka poe e hoololi i ka laupaʻi characterization manaÿo - hui aku, unuhi, hoonui, puunaue.

Operands o Logical ana

Mai ka hōʻailona helu kūpili o ia hoʻi, hana ma Hōʻuluʻulu notions, laila me operands a pau Logical hana i ka generalized ikepiliʻAno. Panina hehee wale, hana me ka hōʻailona helu māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i olelo, hoopunipuni a me ka oiaio. Ka uilaʻoe a me iaaiey no ka ho'ākāka 'ana o kēia mau hua'ōlelo ua hoʻohana' Lālā paʻa aiaiiuo oiaio a me ka wahahee a me ka helu waiwai o ka 1 (oiaio) a 0 (wahahee). Ma kekahi huihui 'ana o kēia mau waiwai, e like me ka mea hiki ole i ka mea e kani io, i ka hana a ua nakinakiia loa eiiieaena a me ka nui-me ka unahiʻole nenoai. A pau polokalamu kuhi i ua hana ai ma luna o ke kamepiula a me kekahi mīkini lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe dynamically translates i loko o ke kaʻina o ka poʻe, a 'Aʻohe hualoaʻa - ka ao kivila i hiki ke hoʻokō' ia e kekahi aaioee.

Kind o Logical ana

E like me ka olelo mamua, ma ka panina Lālā paʻa hōʻailona helu , eia 2 ke ano o ka hana. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Logical ana ma aeaie ikepiliʻAno - e hana ka heluna i ka māmala'ōlelo iho (unary, a hookahi, hana). 'O kēia kekahi o nā hana e paha hou māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i ke kumu o nei Hawaiʻi (aeaie ana, a me ka māhoe). Ke kauoha o ka Logical hana o ka ia me, mai haʻalele i ka akau, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i na brackets ka wā lawelawe kekahi makemakika ho.

Ka easiest a me kekahi o ka loa loa-ikeia oihana o Lālā paʻa ke kūpili kuleana pili i ka hōʻole. Ua noʻonoʻo kūpili hana o ka kekahi waiwai o ka hoʻokomo o operand. Ma uila no, keia hana ua kekahi manawa kapaʻia he hahana. No kekahi laʻana, ina oe Kuapo i ka manao "oiaio", i ka hopena o "hoopunipuni". A me ka Hope versa - ka negation o na loina "wahahee" e 'ai pono i ka waiwai o ka "oiaio". Kēia Logical hana iaaiey ua pinepine hoʻohana no ka ai manamana ai algorithms a me ka manaʻo o ka "koho" o ka hope 'ia paha o nā kauoha ma ke kumu o ka na hualoaʻa a hoʻololi aku ana.

aeaie hana

I kamepiula iaaiey a me ka hoʻohana 'ana i kaupalena' ia paha o aeaie (aeaie) hana. Ka mea, loaa ae nei i ko lakou inoa, mai ka Roma hua'ōleloʻelua, ke ano, "elua", aʻo ke ano o ka mana i lawe mau hoʻokomo o kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, a hoʻi i ka hopena i loko o hoʻokahi hou waiwai. No ka wehewehena o nā mana o Lālā paʻa hōʻailona helu hoʻohana oiaio papa.

He aha ka mea e pono ai

Keia'ōnaehana ua hana no i kekahi dala o ke hoʻokomo o operands a me ka wehewehe a pau kūpono cia, a hiki hoʻi i ka hoʻoholo ma mua kūpili hana ma ia i hoʻokomo o kiko'î.

Ka loa pinepine hoʻohana oihana ma ke kamepiula a me ka kamepiula enehana i Logical hou (disjunction) a me ka Logical multiplication (ka huipūʻana).

ka huipūʻana

Ka Logical hana "A ME" - o ka hana o ka poʻe uʻi a o ka uuku o ka elua a N hoʻokomo o operands. Ma ke komoʻana i kēia kuleana pili i hiki i elua (aeaie papa), i ka ekolu nā loina (ternary), a me ka kona palena helu o operands (N-¶ hana). I ka helu ana i ka hopena o ke kuleana pili i ka mea, e ia i ka mea uuku o na lako hoʻokomo o nā loina.

Mea like i loko o maʻamau hōʻailona helu o ka hana o ka multiplication. Nolaila, o ka ka huipūʻana hana ua pinepine haawiia i like me ka Logical multiplication. A hiki i ka hoailona o ka papa i hoʻopaʻa 'hana i koe a multiplication hoailona (wahi) a me ka ampersand. Inā mākou e kaʻoiaʻiʻoʻaina no keia papa, ka mea e e ike i ke kuleana pili i ua hoonoho i "oiaio" a 1, a me ka oiaio o ka mea a pau i ka hoʻokomo o operands wale. Inā ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi o ka hoʻokomo o kiko'î mea Aʻohe, a me ka waiwai "wahahee", i ka hopena o ka papa, e hoi e "wahahee".

Kēia Hōʻike 'ia analogy me ka makemakika multiplication: multiplication, a me kekahi helu ana e puhi ia o ka nui no 0 like me ka hopena mau, e huli hou 0. kēia kūpili ana He commutative: o ka mea ma ka a ka mea hookipa mai hoʻokomo o kiko'î ole e loli ai ka hopena hope loa o ka i ka ho omaulia.

Kekahi hiʻona o keia kuleana pili i ka associativity, a associativity. Kēia waiwai apono 'i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka aeaie kaʻina o nā hana, aole ia i lawe i loko o ka nui o ka mea o ka loiloi'. No laila, no ka mea, 3 a oi Kime Poʻokela Logical multiplication hana nei,ʻaʻole e pono ke lawe i ka mooolelo o ka brackets. Ma iaaiey, i kēia kuleana pili i ua pinepine hoʻohana 'ia e hōʻoia i ka ho'ākāka' ia i kauoha i ina ka hoʻopiha o kekahi mau olelo wale.

disjunction

Ka Logical hana "OR" - i ke ano o ka holomua Lālā paʻa papa, i mea i 'ano like me ka algebraic hou. Other inoa no keia kuleana pili i - Logical hou, i ka disjunction. Like me, like me ka Logical multiplication hana, disjunction i e aeaie (e hoʻomaulia i ka waiwai me ka nānā 'ana i nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē), ternary paha N-¶.

I kaʻoiaʻiʻoʻaina no keia Logical hana o keʻano o kekahi papa hana i ka ka huipūʻana. Ka Logical hana "OR" e ho omaulia i ka mea momona a hopena i waena o ka hakahaka manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē. Disjunction hookipa ka auoiaea cia "wahahee", a 0 wale ia a pau ka hoʻokomo o kiko'î a loaa a me na loina 0 ( "wahahee"). Ma kekahi 'ē aʻe Ina ka auoiaea e e loaa ma ka waiwai "oiaio", a me 1. No ka palapala i kēia kuleana pili i ka loa pinepine i hoʻohana makemakika hoailona o ka hou ( "eia") a mau vertical holehole mai ai. Ka lua o ka Lolina Ua laha ma loa iaaiey 'ōlelo, a he makemake no ka mea, e leie aku oe i ka pono hoʻokaʻawale i ka Logical hana o ka makemakika.

ʻO kekahi mau waiwai o Logical ana

XIX. Kūpili ana, ina paha ia mea unary, aeaie, ternary a me na oihana, e malama i kekahi mau rula a me ka waiwai e wehewehe i ko lakou hana. Kekahi mau kumu waiwai i uluhia e ka luna-i ho'ākāka 'ia ke kūpili oihana i commutative.

Kēia hiʻona e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka papa permutation wahi ka operand waiwai 'aʻole e hoʻololi' ana i. Ole a pau ana i keia waiwai. E like me ka ka huipūʻana a me ka disjunction e lawa pono ai ka commutativity olelo, i ka hana o ka'ōpū mai multiplication mea ole, a me ka rearrangement o nā kumumea i loko o kēia hana, e entail i ka hopena o ka loli, e like me exponentiation.

A hou ia, ao ke ano o ka

Kekahi pono, a ua pinepine hoʻohana i ka uila no a me ka circuitry, o ka subordination o ka hui o Logical hana De Morgan kānāwai.

Kēia mau kānāwai Ke nakinaki nei hui o ke kūpili hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka Logical negation papa, i ua hoʻohana' ia ka hoike i ka Logical hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka' ē aʻe. No ka laʻana, he papa ka huipūʻana negation hiki e hoikeia ma ka disjunction negations kaʻawale operands. Me kēia mau kānāwai i ka Logical hana "A", "OR" a me ka vzaimovyrazheny hiki ke hoʻokō i ka palena haʻahaʻa Lako kāki. Kēia hiʻona Ua mākaukau pono ma ka huakai kaapuni a manao, e like me ka mea e leie aku oe e hoola i waiwai i loko o ka i ka ho omaulia a me ka ho okumu ana o inoaia.