Ke oa ?? eoi? A me ka iauae ieiuaae o ka Tyumen māhele: ano a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Tyumen māhele, o ka wahi o ka ?? eoi? I o ke kolu o ka nui loa i loko o Rusia i mau noho, a koe no ka manawa, kekahi o nā kākoʻo wahi o ka aina. I loko nō o ka kalakala climatic keia, ka mea, ua ulu i loko o aneiai hua'ōlelo, mea e kūkulu i kekahi mea kanu, e ulu ana heluna. O ka papa, i kekahi o na kumu nui no ka pomaikai o ka'ākau māhele - waiwai i loko o kumu waiwai. Ma na naau o ka hana nona iho wahi o ka nui loa o ka aila a me ka kinoea me ke koe ma ka aina.

Nui māhele'āina kūʻiʻo o kahiko moʻolelo

Neʻe maila i loko o ka mokuna o kēia Tyumen māhele hoomaka ma ke keena (weuweu) Paleolithic ma kahi o 43 tausani makahiki aku nei. Kēia mea keʻae i ka kahaha ko oukou naau i hoʻoholo 'ia i loko o ke kauhale Baygara - nadpyatochnaya (talus) iwi o ka hominid. Kona nui mea ma kahi o 4.5 i 5 knm, a me ia no ia i kanaka makua ma ka makahiki o 20-50 makahiki, e noho ana i loko o kēia wahi 43 000 makahiki aku nei. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i hominids no i ka genus Homo sapiens.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka Tyumen māhele āpana ka loa nui, a me nā archaeologists i kekahi wahi, e "roam" ana e hooiaio ai o kakahiaka hooponopono o kēia mau aina. No laila, i ka mua ko läkou 'o kanaka e noho ai i ua loaʻa (i koe iho o nā kauhale, a me cemeteries) ma na kapakai o Lake St. Andrew a me Kauai. Ka mea, no Sargatka moʻomeheu mea ola i loko o ka 7-6 kenekulia. BC. e ka. Ma ke Ka Wā Kaukani mua i hoomaka ai i ke resettlement o nomads: Ugrian a me Samoyed ohana, ka poe i UAIAaIN e Turkic-e olelo ana i kanaka, i ke kūkulu hema. Ka läʻau a me ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka maoli ohana, ka mea i hana i ka hou lāhui kanaka, i ka nui, Mansi a me Khanty, Selkup, Nenets.

I 13-16 kenekulia ma na kapakai o Tyumenka i ke kapikala o Tyumen khanate Kerayit a Tatars. Ua i ke kanaka pio e no ka medieval hikina moku'āina o ke Gula iā Goga. Ma hope o kaomi i ka hope, i loko o kaʻawale Khanate, Siberia hoʻokumuʻia ka mua hui ana - Grand Duchy o Tyumen. He Ua auou caiaiai ia e ka Siberian Khanate ma ka 1420 ka, a me kona kapikala ma Kashlyk.

Naʻi aupuni o Siberia

Currently, ka iauae ieiuaae o ka Tyumen māhele (kumuhana i hana nona iho wahi) ka 1.464.173 ei ^2, a kaʻana like 'ana i kēia liona ka o ka Western Siberia. Teritori o ka mea mua ma ke ala a hiki i ka Russian East. I kā lākou hōʻeaʻana i loko o ka 16th kenekulia. Ka mea, i noho ia e kanaka (herders) ka Nenets, Hunt, a taiga aiia a me ka lawaia Mansi. I ka helu ana o na ohana i kahi o 8 a me 15-18 tausani. People niioaaonoaaiii. Ma ka aoao hema ka mea, i noho ai Turkic ohana i collectively i kapaia "Tatars".

Ua Ua manaoio aku i hele aku la i ka Lūkini mua i loko o Siberia ma mull peacefully. Kaupalena naʻe, ka mea i hoʻolauna i hou mau mea, ma mua o lanakila ia. ʻeleu kūpono 'ana o Moscow, ka Urals a me māhū-Urals hoomaka ma hope o ka haule ana o Novgorod i ka 1478, akā, a hiki i ka hopena o 16th kenekulia i kaupalena' ia wale nō kekahi mau holomua paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Siberian Khanate loaa ka ikaika, a lilo iho la ia i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka aina o ka hikina. Ma hope iho o ka hoouka ma ka waiwai kālepa Stroganoff ona i ka 1573, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia Kuchum, ka mea i fused poe alai ae e Ataman Ermak. He literally ke ala a hiki i ka Hikina no ka Muscovites wehe, ka naʻi aupuni o Siberia ma ia manawa, aohe i papani ai hoi. A uuku emi ma mua o ke kenekulia ka mea, ua pili loa i ka Lūkini moku'āina.

Kuʻe Huli henua a me ka wahi o ka Tyumen māhele

Me ua i haiia ae maluna, o ka wahi o ka Tyumen māhele mea 1.464.173 ei ^2, ka māhele kaua kolu o ka nui, ma hope o ka Lepupalika o Sakha (Yakutia) a me ka Krasnoyarsk Teritore. Ua hiki mai ka hikina a hiki i ke komohana a me ka akau i ka hema o 1400 ei a 2100 ei kekahi me kekahi. Tyumen nui māhele'āina o Nyos i loko o ka Komohana Hema hapa o na kai o ke komohana Siberian Plain. Na northernmost wahi - he ahuula Skuratov ma ka Yamal Peninsula, i ka hema - ma Sladkovsky District, komohana - kumu o ka muliwai o Severnaya Sosva, hikina - i loko o ka Apana Nizhnevartovsk. Part o ka wahi ua holoi ma ka wai o ka Kara kai, ka mea'ē aʻe palena ma Krasnoyarsk Krai, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk a me ka Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Repubalika, a me aneea oneiaey. loaa kona inoa hou o ka aina August 14, makahiki 1944.

pili aupuni mahele

mau hana nona iho apana aia i loko o ka māhele 'āina: Yamalo-Nenets a me Khanty-Mansiysk. I ka 1993 loaa iho la lakou i ke kūlana, equated i ka RF kanaka, akā, i kauoha aku no kekahi hapa o ka Tyumen māhele. Ka mea, pīhoihoi a me kona nui: 769 250 ei ² a me 534 801 ei ^2, niioaaonoaaiii. Ka wahi o ka Tyumen māhele 'āina me ka hana nona iho apana mea,ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ko lākou nui - wale 160 122 ei ^2.

Ka māhele 'āina nā 29 kūlanakauhale, i ka nui o ia mau mea: Tyumen (720 575 O nā.), Surgut (348 643 O nā.), Nizhnevartovsk (270 846 O nā.), Nefteyugansk (125 368 O nā.), Novy Urengoy (111 163 kanaka). , Noyabrsk (106 631 O nā.). Close a hiki i ka hoailona 100 000 Tobolsk (kiʻi ma luna) a me Khanty-Mansiysk. Mawaena o na kulanakauhale Kīwala'ō ma lalo uuku - mai i 50 tausani kanaka .. Area 38 Ua maheleia i mau 480 hana nā kauhale.

Ke aniau o ka'ākau hapa o ka māhele 'āina

Aie i ka mea i tyumen māhele wahi mea nui, i ke aniau i loko o kekahi mau mea e oko kūpono, nā flora a me? Aaoa. Ka nui ?? eoi? Aia i loko o ka wao nahele Artic ciia, nahele-tundra a me ka tundra, taiga, hehi a me ka hui ululaau. Ke kahi ua wehewehe aku ma ka loa climatic kumu i loko o ka hapanui wahi. No ka mau o ka Hōʻole akula North loaʻa ka Yamalo-Nenets, Berezovsky a me Beloyarskii wahi KhMAO-Yugra, i ka i koe hoʻomalu huahelu o ka hope, a me ka Uvat Apana equated ia ia.

Ma ka North māhele dominates ka Arctic (Polar) me ka makahiki-a aniau io ea ana wela. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i ke koke o ka Kara kai, a me ka anu permafrost, he nui loa o ka muliwai, a me nā wahi lepo wai o ic ??. No ka mea Arctic aniau ua wehewehe aku ma ka lōʻihi hooilo (i ka 8 mahina.), A loa pōkole ke kau, haahaa nui a me ka ikaika makani. Ka makahiki wela mea io, ma kahi o -10 ° C i loko o ka hooilo, ka haʻahaʻa paepae ua paa i puni -70 ° C. Ka wahi o ka Tyumen māhele ke aupuni 'ia ma kēia mau climatic rula, Ua oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka huina (nana i ka mea ma luna o palapala'āina, Ao Oe).

Ke aniau o ka Central a me ka hema o ka māhele 'āina

Central a me Hema Tyumen māhele kumuhana i lōpū aniau, a ua hanaʻia i loko o ka (Northern hemisphere). Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka pinepine a me ka nui likeʻole o ka lewa puʻe, ea wela, makani ao ao hou. I keia mea i ka hopena o ka pili haʻawina o cyclones. Na ke aniau iʻehā nō i kau: ho oilo a me ke kauwela (ka papa kuhikuhiE), Akuma ka a me ka wai puna (waena). Winter i paʻa hau uhi. Ka Huliau hiki i loli iki degere o ka oolea mai mehana i ka pahi-Hawaiian. Penei, o ka loihi o ka manawa i ka lewa mahana mea ma lalo 0 ° C He 130 lā no ka makahiki ma ke poʻo māhele 'āina. Ke kahi hema o ka Tyumen māhele o ka hola 1/3 o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi?.

nā minelala hao

Na Tyumen māhele i me ke koe o hydrocarbons, i mea hiki ma ka global pālākiō. Ua mea i loko o kona'ōpū i ka nui loa o ka aina ka kinoea a me ka aila. Ka huina o ka leo o kaʻimi loa i ka lewaʻeli loa 45 miliona cubic mau mika ^3. Oil ua hua maiʻano nui i loko o ka Ob, a me ke kinoea i loko o ka 'Ākau. Me ke kaʻina hana pili i kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka māhele' āina. Ke koʻikoʻi loa, a me ka nui hoʻokomo kālā o hydrocarbons - o Fyodorovskoye, Mamontovskoye, Ob, Samotlorskoye kinoea - Yamburgskoye, Urengoiskoye, Bear. Hoʻokō peat, pōaka one, sapropel, limestone a me ka heluʻai na pohaku, mea hiki ke hooheheeia na mea i eliia (keleawe chromite, kēpau).

Ka wai a me ka ululaau waiwai

Nui māhele'āina mai he kilakila pua paha o ka wai i ke kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE muliwai - Irtish a me Ob (i navigable cia) Tobol, Great Mammoth Uvat, Black listen AL Area Tyumen wahi i loko o sq M.. ei noho ma ka ulu lāʻau, ua like me 430 000 (43 miliona aa). E like me ia i kēia anakahi, ka mea, na lalani kolu i waena o nā wahi a pau o ka aina. Ma ka aoao hema, he hoki, ma a ka wai mahana papa koa mai ka 37 a hiki i 50 ° C, ka mea noho ma balneological waiwai, a mau loa Popular ole wale i nā kupa akā, i iauaeoia oo? Ecia, mai kokoke wahi.

Tyumen māhele heluna

Ma hope o ke aʻo 'ana e pili ana i ka wahi o ka Tyumen māhele i loko o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā wahi, pehea nui ia mea, i kekahi ke infer i ka heluna kanaka e e lehulehu. Naʻe, ka mea e hana i hoololi ai i na i hoʻohalahala climatic kumu i loko i ka mea i loa paʻakikī ke ola. Tyumen māhele 'āina me ka heluna o ka 3.615.485 kanaka (i ka 2016, a me hana nona iho apana)' aʻole e hāʻuleʻo ia i loko o ka luna iwakalua o ka pane lākiō o ka Lūkini wahi like me ka hopena o ka hope helu. A me keia mamua o ka mea ia ia ua i ke kolu o ka wahi. Loa haʻahaʻa ka heluna nuʻa - 2,47 kanaka no huinahalike kilomika o. Ka hapanui o kanaka e noho ana ma nā kūlanakauhale - 80,12%, i mea loa Logical, e like me ia ma ka permafrost a me ka tundra ola mahope aku o ka keʻena kauhale a me nā kauhale pilikia.

Like no ke aupuni haku mele 'ana, i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, e like me ka helu 2010 - he Lūkini (69.26%). Ma ka lua a me ke kolu kiekie loa helu Tatar (7.07%) a me Ukrainian (4.63%). E like emi Bashkirs a me Azerbaijanis, 1,37%, a 1,28% niioaaonoaaiii. Other lāhui kanaka kaʻana emi o 1%. O ka lāhui 'ōiwi o ke kūkulu'ākau: Nenets, Khanty a me Mansi poe 0,93%, 0,86%, a 0,34% niioaaonoaaiii.