Ke outbreak o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, ka 1979-1989

Ka oihana kaua ma Afghanistan, a hoomaka ae la oi ma mua o ke kanakolu o nā makahiki aku nei, a me keia la koe i ke kihi o global maluhia. Hegemonic mana i loko o ka alualu o ko lākou mau iʻini ma waho, i luku ole wale no ka mua i ka pilina paʻa moku'āina, akā, i ka hopena o nā tausani o ka mumuku.

Afghanistan ma mua o ka kaua

He nui Aliʻi kilo, hōʻike no ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, i ka i ana ia ma mua o ka kaua mea, ua nui loa hope moku'āina, akā, i kekahi mau olelo e noho malie. Mua Afghanistan kue i loko o ka hapanui wahi noho feudal aupuni, akā, ma ka nui kulanakauhale e like me Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, a me na mea e ae, i ka luawai-ulu pono, ka mea, ua piha ka moʻomeheu a me ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai oaio? A.

Ka moku'āina Ua ulu a holo. Aia ua noa mālama 'a me ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana. Ke aupuni produces maikai Jersey. Radio a kīwī hōʻike'ē nā papahana. Ahakanaka i halawai me ia ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hale waihona puke. A wahine ke loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ke ola lehulehu, a me ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka hana.

Fashion boutiques, hale kūʻai nui, pōʻeleʻele loa, Hawaii a me ka nui o ka moʻomeheu hana nei i loko o hoʻokiwikā wahi. Ke outbreak o ke kaua ma Afghanistan, i mea o ka lā i loko o ke kumu ua hana okoa, i hoopau ai i ka pono a me ka kumupaʻa. Ke aupuni ua i loko o ka manawa lilo i kikowaena o ka chaos a me ka luku aku. I kēia lā, ka mana i loko o ka'āina i ka'ano'ē Islamist hui, mai ka malama o ka unrest ma ka mea e pono ai.

Ke kumu no ka outbreak o ke kaua ma Afghanistan

E maopopo i nā manaʻo, akä, oiaio o ka Afghan ka hoʻoponopono ulia, ia mea ke kumukuai o ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i ka mōʻaukala. Ma July 1973, ka mea, ua i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ke aupuni mō'ī. Etat lawe hoahānau o King Muhhamed Daud. General kūkala i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ke aupuni mō'ī a me ka hoonoho ana ia ia iho pelekikena o ka Repubalika o Afghanistan. Ke kipi i wahi me ke kōkua o nā People ka kemokalaka Party. e loaa hou mai i kela mihi i kūkala i loko o ka waiwai a me ka nohona poepoe.

I aku o ka lanakila, i ole lawe Peresidena Daoud mai nā mea hoʻololi, akā, wale, e luku mai i ko lakou poe enemi, a me na luna o ka PDPA. Maoli ai, eha ma ka naau Communist koʻikoʻi a hanohano, a PDPA ua ulu, ka mea e mau malalo e repression a me physical ikaika.

Social, waiwai, ka manaʻo politika instability ma ka aina i lilo i ke kumu o ke Kanawai War, a me ka mea mawaho 'uao o ka USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i ala e hiki aku papakaukau hookahe koko ana.

Saur kipi

Ke kahua Ua mau Makamae, a ua 27 April 1987 Ka April hang nei (Saur) kipi, i hoʻonohonoho 'koa huahelu o ka aina, i ka PDPA a me ka Communists. Hele mai i ka mana hou alakaʻi - N. M. Taraki, Amin, Babrak Karmal. Ka mea, koke hai i ka feudal a kemokalaka nā mea hoʻololi. Hoomaka e nei i ke aupuni Repubalika o Afghanistan. Koke ma hope o ka mua kaʻoliʻoli a me ka lanakila 'amelikaʻahahui i maopopo i ka mea, he ho'āla ma waena o nā alakaʻi. Amin i ole kiʻi a me Karmal a Taraki huli i ka maka makapo.

USSR lanakila o ke aupuni kipi ua he maoli hou. Kremlin kakali ana, nā mea e hiki mai ana e hiki mai ana, akā, he nui naʻauao kenelala a me apparatchiks o ka Soviets i ike ia i mamao aku i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan.

Nā lālā o ka oihana kaua

Loko o ka mahina ma hope o ka koko hookahuli ana i ke aupuni o Daud hou kālai'āina koa i nenelu i loko o kaua. Groupings "Khalq" a me ka "Parcham" e like me kā lākou ideology uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o, he pono ole ma waena o lākou. Ma 'Aukake 1978, aia no he piha ana o ka "Parcham" mai ka mana. Karmal pu me ka e like-manao ka hele ana ma kahi e aku.

Kekahi setback ka hou aupuni - ke kue e hoʻopaʻa nei i ka wawahi nā mea hoʻololi. Islamist koa i hui pu ia ma ka aoao, a me ka neʻeʻana. Ma June, ma nā'āina o Badakhshan, Bamyan, Kunar, Paktia a me Nangarhar hoʻomaka i mākaukau i hana ku e aku i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni aupuni. ʻOiai ka oihana lā o ka puali kaua kākau moʻolelo kapa 1979, hoomaka ae la he nui loa mamua koa hana. Makahiki o ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan - 1978. Na kanawai War i ka hōʻeleu i nei i ke aupuni i ka haole 'uao. Kēlā me kēia o ka megaderzhav hahai kona mau geopolitical pono.

Islamists a me kā lākou mea e

Back ma na 70s kakahiaka ma Afghanistan hoʻokumu i ka hui "Muslim opiopio." Nā lālā o kēia anaina kanaka, ua kokoke i ka Islamic fundamentalist manaʻo o ¶ʻO'Araba "Muslim launa hoahanau", kā lākou mau ki ina hana like o ka paio no ka mana, i ka pili aupuni ka weliweli, ke primacy o Islamic kuʻuna jihad a me ka suppression noho palaualelo wale o nā mea hoʻololi i ka mea e ku e ana i ka Qurʻan - o na hoakaka ana walaʻauʻana o kēia mau papa hana.

I ka 1975, o ka "Muslim Kamaliʻi" E oki i nei. Ua Ua hoʻokemuʻia e nā fundamentalists - ka Islamic Party o Afghanistan (ipa) a me ka Jamiat-e Islami (IOA). Peresidena ma luna o kēia mau keena G. Hekmatyar a me Rabbani. Nā lālā o ka hui aʻo e mālama nei koa ana i kokoke Pakistan, a i kākoʻo 'ia e na aupuni. Ma hope o ka 'ApelilaʻOiʻenehana kue hui lehulehu. Ke coup ma ka aina i lilo ia i ano o ka hoailona no ka oihana koa hana.

Na kākoʻo i radicals

Oe hiki ole lilo maka o ka mea ana i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, i ka lā i loko o i Contemporary kumu -, nā makahiki 1979-1989, ka mea, ua ka loa? Oaony i na mana me kēia 'NATO a me kekahi Islamic Hawaii. Inā ma mua o ka 'Amelika kālai'āina waiwai i hōʻole i kekahi komo i loko o ke kahua a me ka hoʻolako' ia o ka extremists, ua lawe mai ka mea hou kenekulia i kēia moʻolelo loa amusing kūʻiʻo. Ua haʻalele mua CIA luna aupuni o ka hailonaʻana no memoirs, i waiho kokoke ana i ke kūkulu 'ia o ko lākou mau aupuni.

E like ma mua o ka Soviet kaua o Afghanistan, ka CIA hoʻolako 'ia o ka Mujahideen, noho iho i loko no kā lākou aʻo kumu i kokoke Pakistan, a nele i ka lima o ka Islamists. I ka makahiki 1985, Peresidena L kino Mujahideen'aheʻelele i ka White House. Ua nui loa na makana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i loko o ka Afghan e kue hoomaka kāna kanaka i loko o ke ¶ʻO'Araba honua.

I kēia lā, he mea 'ike i ke kaua ana ma Afghanistan i lokoʻinoʻia o ka CIA me he pahele no ka Soviet Union. Ka Ho 'i loko o ka mea, o ka Union e ua ike i ka inadequacy o kona kūkulu' ia, moni kumu waiwai a me ka "'opi". E like me 'oe ke ike, i hiki mai ai. I ka 1979, i ka outbreak o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, e aho, e kapi ana ka kaupalena contingent o ka Soviet Army, e lilo inevitable.

Ke USSR a me ke kākoʻo o ka PDPA

Aia mau manaʻo i ka April kipi ka Soviet Union i hoomakaukau ana no kekahi mau makahiki. Au makuakane i kēia hana kino Andropov. Taraki i ka Agena o ka Kremlin. Koke ma hope o ka coup hoomaka ke aloha fraternal kōkua o ka Soviets ma Afghanistan. Other kumu utverzhadyut i SaurʻOiʻenehana i ka loa haohao ana i ka Soviets, naeʻoluʻolu.

Ma hope o ka holomua kipi i loko o Afghanistan hoomaka Soviet ke aupuni, e oi pono kanaka hoʻoponopono i nā Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ke aupuni. Ke hou ke alakaʻi i loko o ka maka o Taraki e hōʻike aloha i ka hoa o ka Soviet Union. KGB manao mau, hoopii aku "alakaʻi" o ka instability i loko o ke kokoke'āina, akā, ka mea i manao e kali. Ke outbreak o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, o ka USSR hopu maluhia, ka Kremlin ua ike o Loulou o ke kū'ē States, e haawi mai i ka wahi i i makemake ia, akā, koke ka ulia Soviet-American i ka Kremlin i kekahi mea. A nae kū ma ka Soviet Union i ole ana i ka, ma hope o nā mea a pau, Afghanistan - he aupuni-hoalauna.

Ma September 1979, Amin pepehi Taraki, a hai mai ia ia iho pelekikena. Kekahi kumu hōʻike i ka discord hope loa e ku e ia hoa kahiko i ukuia a hiki i Peresidena Taraki ka manao e noi aku i ka Soviet Union no ka oihana koa contingent komo. Amin a me kona mau poʻe kākoʻo i ku e ia ia.

Ka Soviet kaua

Soviet kumu koi ana i ke Aupuni o Afghanistan, i hoouna aku la ma kahi o 20 noi i ke noi e hoʻouna hao wale. Kūʻiʻo aku nei au i ke ku pono - Pelekikena Amin i kū'ē i komo Lūkini contingent. Kupa o ma Kabul i hoʻouna aku ai ma lunaʻikepili US hoao mai ana e kikoo aku i ka Soviet Union i loko o ka 'āina' kaua. Oia laila, i ka Soviet alakaʻi ike ia Taraki a me PDPA - poe noho States. Amin i ka mea wale nō nationalist i loko o kēia poʻe, akā, me Taraki, ka mea e ole kaʻana like i ka $ 40 miliona uku ma ka CIA no ka April coup, ka mea, ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o kona make ana.

i makemake ole Andropov a me Gromyko, e lohe i kekahi mea. I kakahiaka nui December ma Kabul, lele Paputin KGB mau i ka hana, e koi Amin paipai i ka poʻe hao wale o ka USSR. Ke hou pelekikena ua hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau. A laila, ma December 22 hana 'hiki ma Kabul. Kahikoia me "nationalists" wawahi ae la i loko o ka hale, kahi a na makaainana o ka USSR, a oki iho la i ke poo o kekahi mau kakini kanaka i noho ai. Kau aku ia ma luna o ihe, i mākaukau "Islamists" Ua lawe ia ma ka papa kuhikuhiE alanui o Kabul. I ka makai i hiki mai ai ma luna o ka weliweli, a wehe ae la ke ahi, akā, no ka hewa i pakele ai. Ma December 23, ka Soviet aupuni i hoouna mai i ka manaʻo o ka Afghan aupuni, a i waiho ai ka pelekikena o ka hiʻona, i ka poʻe hao wale Soviet e koke ia i loko o Afghanistan, e hoomalu i ko lakou poe kanaka. Ia Amin Ua noʻonoʻo ana e dissuade i ka poʻe hao wale "hoa" o ke kaua, ka mea, ua pae ma kekahi o ka aina ka airports ma 24 December. Ka lā o ka hoomaka ana o ke kaua ma Afghanistan - nā makahiki 1979-1989. - wehe i kekahi o ka loa lono kaumahaʻaoʻao ma ka mōʻaukala o ka USSR.

Hana "ino"

Part o ka 105 ST Airborne Māhele o ke kiai pae 50 kilomika mai Kabul, a me ka kūikawā pa alima o ka KGB "Aaeuoa" hoʻopuni i ke koho pelekikena hale ma 27 December. E like me ka hopena o ka ka hopu Amin a me kona mau pūʻali koa i make. Ke ao nei kaiāulu, "Hakanü," a me na puppeteers a pau i kēia manaʻo hamoʻia i kona mau lima. USSR i ka makau. Soviet paratroopers hopu i ka papa kuhikuhiE aeuiiai ieaia? Iauaeoia ke aupuni 'ma ka nui kulanakauhale. Over 10 makahiki ma Afghanistan, kaua aku ma mua o 600 tausani. Soviet koa. Makahiki o ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan i ka hoʻomaka o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union.

I ka po, December 27th mai Moscow hiki Babrak Karmal a me ka Radio hai i ka lua o ke kahua o ke kipi. Penei, i ka hoomaka ana o ke kaua ma Afghanistan - 1979.

Events 1979-1985 biennium.

Ma hope o ka holomua hana "ino", Soviet lākou poʻe kaua hopu i ka nui hanalima-oaio? A, ke AIM ua, e hooikaika i ka Kremlin ka Communist? Eia i kokoke Afghanistan, a pahu aku ai dushmans, ka mea uumi i ka aina.

ʻano loaʻa clashes ma waena o Islamists a me na troopers alakai i luahi lehulehu i waena o ka sīwila heluna kanaka, akā, i ka mauna'āina loa disoriented koa. I 'Apelila makahiki 1980, ka mea, pilipu iho la kona mua nui-me ka unahiʻole ana i loko o ka Panjshir. Ma June o ka hookahi makahiki ka Kremlin i kauoha e haalele i kekahi o ka pahu a me ka Kao lele lako kaua wahi o Afghanistan. Ma Aukake o ka ia makahiki ua he paio ma Mashhadskom gorge. SA poʻe hao wale, ua kīmopō a ka, pepehi 48 koa a me 49 - Ua eha. I ka 1982, i ka lima o ka hoao ana o ka Soviet poʻe kaua e hoʻokele i lawe Panjshir.

Iloko o ka elima makahiki mua o ke kahua kaua, ua hoʻomohala i ka nalu. SA paʻa kiʻekiʻe, laila, haule iho la ia i loko o ka hoohalua. Islamists piha hana ka mea,ʻaʻole hana, e hoouka mai lakou la i ka ai a me na hapa kolamu koa. CA ho'āʻo e pahu aku ai ia lakou, mai ka mea nui kulanakauhale.

I loko o kēia wā ka mea, ua noho kekahi mau halawai me Pakistani Peresidena Andropov a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. I ka 'elele o ka USSR i olelo ia ua makaukau no ka hooponopono pili aupuni o ke kaua ma ka hoʻi no kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Pakistan ka Kremlin hoʻohiki i ka hoopau ana o kaʻoihana kālā i kaʻaoʻao kū'ē.

1985-1989 GG.

I ka makahiki 1985, i ka mua kakauolelo o ka USSR Mikhail Gorbachev lilo. He Ua manao ia constructively, makemake e mihi i ka'ōnaehana, holo aku la i ke kulekele o ke "perestroika". Na protracted kue i loko o Afghanistan ua keakea i ke kaʻina hana o ka normalization o launa me ka US a meʻEulopa. i ole lawe maiʻeleu koa ana, akā nō ma Afghan ?? eoi? ua kūpono pepehi Soviet koa. I ka makahiki 1986, Gorbachev kūkala he kulekele oʻelua withdrawal o ka poʻe hao wale, mai Afghanistan. I ka hookahi makahiki, i UAIAaIN e M. Najibullah B. Karmal. I ka makahiki 1986, hele mai la ia i ka hopena i ke kaua no ka alakaʻi o ka SA Afghan kanaka nalowale me ka laweʻana mai o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O ka CA hiki ole Afghanistan. January 23-26 Soviet koa noho mālie ihola kona hope hana "Typhoon" ma Afghanistan ma Kunduz mokuna. February 15, 1989 aʻe a pau i ka poʻe hao wale o ka Soviet Army.

Ke naoh o ka honua mana

A pau i ka holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ka Media kūkala o ka hopu ana i ka mea koho pelekikena hale ma Afghanistan, a me ka makeʻana o Amin i loko o ka moku'āina o kŰia. hoomaka ae la ke Soviet Union koke ia e wehe like me ka huina a me ka hewa aggressor aupuni. Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan (1979-1989 GG.) No ka mea mana Europa, ua i ka hōʻailona no ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka Kremlin. Palani Peresidena a me ka Kelemānia Kaulike kino halawai mai me Brezhnev, a ho'āʻo e koi aku ia ia e haalele i poʻe hao wale, Leonid Ilyich ua hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau.

I 'Apelila o ka makahiki 1980, i ka US aupuni i ae kōkua e kū'ē koa ma Afghanistan i loko o ka nui o $ 15 miliona.

ʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a meʻEulopa aina hea aku ma luna o ka mea 'ē ma ke kāpae'ōlelo i ka' Olumepika-80, mālama 'ia ma Moscow, akā, ma muli o ia i ke alo o ka hawaiian a me kaʻApelika Waena'āina, ua nō e paʻa ana i kēia nii? Hanana.

"Carter ao ana" i haku i kēia wā o ka hoka ai hoahanau. ua hoohewaia kolu o ka honua aina i ka hana ma ka hapanui koho o ka USSR. February 15, 1989 i ka Soviet aupuni, ma lalo o 'aelike ai me ke Aupuni Hui Pū' aupuni haalele kona poʻe kaua, mai Afghanistan.

I ka hopena o ke kaua

Ke kumu a me ka welau o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan i conditional, no ka mea, Afghanistan - o ka loa Hive, i aku la ia i kona aupuni no kona alii hope. I ka 1989, ka mea i kaupalena 'contingent o Soviet poʻe hao wale "pololei" i kela kapa o ka mokuna i Afghanistan - e like me ka mea i hoike i ka papa kiʻekiʻe hooponopono. I ka mea, ma Afghanistan ua hoounaia'ku na tausani o ka poe pio o ke kaua koa CA hoʻopoina poe nui a me ka mau kihi kiai, e uhi i ka hee ana o ka loa 40th Army.

Afghanistan ma hope o kaʻumi makahiki o ke kaua, ua komo 'o' loko o loa chaos. Tausani o nā mea pakele mahuka aku la mawaho o ka aina, e pakele i ka kaua.

O keia ka mea, koe na mea ike ole i ka kiko'ī helu o ka poe make Afghans. Noiʻi Kupanaha ke aka o 2,5 miliona make a me ka eha, ka hapanui - civilians.

SA no ka umi makahiki o ke kaua, ua nalowale ma kahi o 26 tausani koa. Ke kaua ma Afghanistan, o ka USSR i nalowale, eia nae kekahi mau moʻolelo koi ole.

Ke aneiai koina o ka USSR i ka pili ana me ka kaua Afghan ua nalu p. E kokua i ka Kabul aupuni makahiki anao? Aou $ 800 miliona, ma ke kaua - $ 3 ieeeea?.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan i ka hopena o ka Soviet Union, kekahi o ko ke ao nei i ka nui mana.