He aha ka lestvichnaya'ōnaehana: ka ho'ākāka 'ana, manaʻo a me ka noi

Agnatic seniority i loko o ka historiography ike i kekahi o na nenoai o succession ma monarchies. Loa pinepine ua hoʻohana 'ia i ka manawa ma ka pili ana i ka medieval wā Rus feudal fragmentation.

Ke kumu o ke kahua

Nōhie rula o ka hoʻoilina (a ano e ae paha "lestvichnaya'ōnaehana")ʻikeʻia i loko o ka Rurik aliʻi. Initially, Rusia ua he hookahi centralized moku'āina me kona konu ma Kiev. Ua hele mai i loko o 882 ka wā Oleg hui pu ka hou hema kapikala mai Novgorod ka Nui. Hope luna aliʻi, e noho ana ma luna o nā kapa o ke Danube. Me kēlā me kēia hanauna Rurikovich ulu helu ana o na kanaka (nā hoahānau, a me nā thoroughbreds 'ole. D.).

Ma ka X kenekulia Svyatoslav hoʻouna i nā keiki kāne kaikaina me na kiaaina i loko o nā kūlanakauhale. Kēia mea ola ma kona mau hope. I ka Ia manawa, i kēia alakaʻi i ka unrest a me ka internecine kaua. Ke kamāliʻi kāne'ōpiopio i makemake ole ia e i loko o ka moku'āina o ke kaukaʻi ma Kiev a me ka lakou hoopio keia kulanakauhale, a hai mai la i ko lakou iho kuokoa. Eia naʻe, kēlā manawa e like me ka kaua separatist i pau ai i loko o kekahi, a me ka ia, kekahi o na moho lanakila, repressed kona mau hoa mokomoko, a hou-hui mana. Ka mea, uaʻAʻole i lestvichnaya'ōnaehana, akā, wale kona kumu.

ʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai

Ke flowering o ke kahiko Lūkini moku'āina i hele mai i loko o ka noho alii ana o Yaroslava Mudrogo, ka mea i make i ka 1054. Like kona mau kūpuna, hoouna aku la oia hou ke kaikaina keiki kāne, e like me na kiaaina (i loko o Novgorod, Pereslavl, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). A, o ka papa, i kekahi manawa, i ke kue hoʻomaka 'no ka mea, o keia. Jaroslav mamo hiki ole ke Wehewehe i nā hāʻina ma ka ikaika o na mea kaua, i ka pono kekahi o ia mau mea, a no ia mea, houluulu mai nā mea a pau i kahi hookahi ma ka Ahaolelo Lahui ma Liubech. Ua hiki i ka 1097. Ma keia manawa, ka mana i ua kūkākūkāʻia moopuna a Yaroslav. Ka mea, ua ma keia halawai ana lestvichnaya'ōnaehana i aponoia.

Aʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai Ua hiki aku ma muli o ia ka mea i ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka pono o ke aupuni i ua ke olonā wāwae ma ka ikaika kaua. Eia hou, i ka Slavs hooweliweli i ka mawaho enemi. O lakou na Cumans - hihiu nomads ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka pāpū a hiki i ka aoao hema a me ka hikina o Rusia. Ka mea, i mau i hoʻonohonoho 'ia predatory huakaʻi i ka maluhia o ke kulanakauhale, looted a kau ia i ka waiwai hookupu. E ku e ia lakou, puʻe he uuku na'lii a i ole lawa. Ka moku'āina oki ia e ka okoa, ka mea, ua like ia me he patchwork Quilt, ma kela a me keia "apana" o ka hahai ana i ko lakou mau pono.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao i loko o ka Ahaolelo, ua Svyatoslav Izyaslavovich (Prince o Kiev), Vladimir Monomakh (Pereslavl luna) a me Oleg Svyatoslavovych (Prince o Chernigov). Ka mea, e mau ma paʻewa i kekahi i kekahi. Aka hoi, ua hiki e ae la lakou. New lestvichnaya'āina hoʻoili'ōnaehana aponoia e na aoao elua, stipulate paa lula no nā luna.

Key hiʻona

Luna a ike like. loaa kēlā me kēia no lākou i ka'āina hoʻoili, i ae la ia mai kona makua kāne. ʻano nui, keia ano o keʻikeʻia ke kuokoa o ka moku'āina konu o Kiev. I ka Ia manawa, i ka "makuahine o Lūkini kulanakauhale" E hoomalu i ka luna, ka mea i ka mea kahiko i loko o ka mamo aliʻi. Ua ano o ia ma hope o Svjatopolka mana e hele aku i ka Vladimir Monomakh (kona hoahānau), e like me ka hiki i ka 1113. Kēia i ka ho'ākāka '-lestvichnaya nenoaiu. Kiev hele mai ka mua o ka hoahanau muli iho i. Hou rula, he mau keiki mua, i ukali ma kā lākou mau hoahānau, a no laila, ma luna o. D. ka'ōnaehana i Ua lolelua. Pinepine kipi illegitimate nā kānaka noi manawaleʻa aku i kā lākou mau lunakahiko. I kekahi manawa, pomaikai ae.

Kekahi hana hoihoi rula e distinguishes lestvichnaya hoʻoilina'ōnaehana i Ua wahi kanaka kolohe nei he una. A-kapaia ka poeikohoia o ka Rurik i nohoaliʻi ai, kona mau kūpuna i ole e ola mai ai i kona huli ana i kona aliʻiʻana ma Kiev ( 'ole kekahi' ē kulanakauhale). Pinepine, ua mau lākou mau poʻe i kipakuʻia i loko o ka hana ana o kekahi kiaaina, a lilo i adventurers. Kekahi i haawiia mai kūikawā'āina hoʻoili i loko o ka hou, e ai ana, i mahuahua wale i ka helu o ke pili aupuni nāʻoihana i loko o Rusia.

Aʻo Kīwala'ō me ka senoratom

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo e like kauoha ma Rusia ole, he mau hanana. Ma ka'āina Europa he nui, ma ka Middle Ages, keia rula ua kaulana like me kaʻaoʻao maikaʻi e hoʻonā ai i ka hihia ma waena o ikaika ohana. Aia senoratom kapa i kēia kahua. Ke wale koena unuhi o ia ka Lūkini aupuni ma hope komo i kekahi kahua o ka disintegration, a 'o ia hoʻi hope, a me ka mea wāwahi.

Rusia a me lestvichnaya kahua

No hoi Liubech aliʻi like i ka manawa a pau i kahi hookahi, e kaua aku ia Polovtsian ka mea, a hoouna aku i ko lakou mau kauna, i loko o ka poʻe kaua mau. Ma a nui ka mea, ua ka wale maikaʻi hoʻokūkū Lyubech Ahaolelo Lahui i ka 1097.

A laila na makahiki nahā i waena o ke kikowaena a me ka'āina ma Kiev lilo aku kekahi '. E yiaeaiiacaaeneiie lestvichnaya mana EYI'ōnaehana ua lilo kekahi o ka ki kumu no kēia kaʻina. Kiev hope lilo kona alakaʻiʻana, ma hope o ka pio ana o ka poe koa Andreya Bogolyubskogo i ka 1168. I ka Ia manawa Vladimir-Suzdal Prince i i noho ma luna o ka Dnieper, a kau hoʻi kona Ally. Kēia hope hookupaa iho la ia i ka hou o ka papa o ka mea - i oki ia e ke kapikala o Kiev Rus.

Fragmentation, a ua alakai aku i ka nohona nahā i waena o ka'ākau a me ka hema kulanakauhale. I ka makahiki i kakahiaka nui, i ka wa a ua lestvichnaya'ōnaehana (ho'ākāka 'ana ua pakahi aku la ia kaulana i waena o kākou poʻe haku moʻolelo i loko o ka XIX kenekulia), ka mea, uaʻaʻole loa kekahi'. Naʻe, i ka Mongol kaua, a me ka muli o ka mana Lituania moku'āina ua lilo i papani ai hoi i kekahi palapala a ma waena o ka hema, a me ka nahele hehi akau.

kumu o ka

Pinepine ka mea, he hoopaapaa ana: aha lestvichnaya kahua? He He lono kaumaha ulia paha o ia i ke kumu. Mau Ikepili o Rusia, a me nā monarchies Europa, o ka Middle Ages hōʻike i makemake loa i ka Logical kūpono 'ana i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka mōʻaukala. MaʻEnelani, France, a oi loa aku hoi ma Kelemania, i loko o ka maka ua i ka hookahi fragmentation pili i ka hoi ana o ka aina, e hanai. Au e i manaʻoʻia nō hoʻi ia i hoʻoilina i ua alii - no ka mea, ua mau ia o ka paukū, i mea i loko o kēlā me na'lii i ka mainstay, aʻo Kora na mana.

He kēia papa (i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, wā e hiki mai boyars) ua ma hope o keʻano o ke Kuokoa i loko o ka moku'āina ko na'lii,. Agnatic seniority ua i ka mea wale ala e pakele ke kaukaʻi ma ka "oaio" palena iki. Ma ka Lūkini akau (Novgorod, Pskov) i ka XV-XVI kenekulia. Keena, a me ka repubalika ola format. Na makaainana o kēia mau kūlanakauhale a puni pepehi kūikawā liberties. Ko lakou kuokoa ana o na luna i i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka waiwai (ma muli o ke kalepa me komohana hoalauna), e like me moʻomeheu e loaa hou mai ai me ka poe a pau ia o ka poʻeʻEulopa (no ka laʻana, a me nā lālā o ka Hanseatic o Oʻahu).

Hoole o agnatic seniority

Agnatic seniority ola makou mahope o ka au o Mongol ma luna o Rusia. Ua inā i ka moolelo e kiʻi lepili mai ali, e alii ai maluna o (laila pū, e like me ka rula, o ka mea i waeʻia, e hina ia i loko o ka lokomaikai o ke kiʻekiʻe loa). Ma keia hihia, o ka iwi o ka paio i ole Kiev, effete, a me Vladimir-ma-Klyazma.

I ka hui Lūkini ko na'lii, a puni Moscow (XV kenekulia), ka Kremlin luna hoole mai ona destinies hana. Power Ua lilo autocratic a me ka poho. Brothers a me nā kane hanauna i Kiaaina paha kiaaina nominee i loko o ka'āina.