Keleawe haunaele: mea, lalau mai, hanana, ka hopena

Keleawe haunaele - keia mea he nui kekahi hanana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia, ka uprising o ka hoʻokiwikā poʻeʻilihune, a me ka malalo papa, a i wahi ma Moscow i ka noho alii ana o Alexei Mikhailovich. Ka manaʻo o "keleawe kipi" Ua lilo synonymous. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia inā' oe pono e kākau manaʻo ma luna o ka depreciation o ke kālā, a me ka panakalupa o ka moku'āina.

Keleawe haunaele: mea, lalau mai a me ka mōʻaukala kulana home 'ole

Moscow moku'āina kaua mai ai i ke kaua lōʻihi no Ukraine e kū'ē i ka Polish-Lituania mokuaina, no ka mea i hoʻolilo i ka nui nui o ka waiwai. Aia i kekahi shortage o ke kala. Mau hoʻokomo kālā o ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi, a i ka mineta i ke kālā i ka manawa,ʻaʻole Rusia i laila, no laila, ka mea i laweia mai, mai kahi'ē. Ka mineta Ua hoʻohana 'ia i na dala e e ia Russian - i kekahi denari ia keneta a me ke kala.

Ke kahua i hele mai i ua Boyar Ordin-Nashchokin i kaumaha aku ai i ka loa controversial ala mai: i ka mineta lepeta ma ka maka cia kālā. Ma kēia hihia, na auhau i koe i ohi kālā, akā, me ka uku i ua hoopukaia me ka hou lepeta. E hoʻomaka ana me ka 1654 lepeta i kauoha aku nei i hoʻolaunaʻia i loko o ka holo au kahi o ke kālā.

Ma mua, na mea a pau i hele ai i? Oaony aupuni: ka hou kala i maliuia mai ia ma ka kumukuai o ka malihini kahiko kālā. Akā, koke ka mea, hoomaka ae la e paka i ka hiki ole i na dala, ka mea, ua mai no ka pilikia a me ke keleawe. Kii pā hale i loko o Moscow, Pskov, Novgorod, e hana i piha nona iho. E hanai oe i unsecured kālā lako kahiliia Rusia, i keia manawa pokole koi no ke kala ua hoʻomaka 'ana i ka ulu koke, a me ka ae kūʻaiʻia ka mana o ka lepeta haule iho la.

Ua hoomaka lohi i mua, a laila, i ka hāneʻe, emi ka waiwai o ke kālā. Ke Aupuni hoole eʻae keleawe kālā i loko o na auhau, no laila, ke kahiko malihini kala i soared ma ka uku: no ka hoʻokahi makahiki kala ruble Ua haawiia mai 15 i ka 20 hou ke keleawe. Nā poʻe kālepa i hele aku i ke kuai, a hooauhee aku la i keleawe ulaula kālā literally kaʻa, ana keleawe ua devalued kela lā. Makaainana panic: no ka lepeta hiki ole e kuai i kekahi mea, akā, he ua wahi, e lawe i ke kālā.

Akā, i ke aupuni i makemake ole e ae aku i ka hewa o kana mau hana, a me ka maʻa ua e nana hewa ma kaʻaoʻao. I Ua kapaʻia he avalanche o ka emi ka waiwai o ke kālā counterfeiters. hoomaka Show hoao ana e noho ma ka aina. No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka "hema" malihini hoohewaia e ka wā ua wale kekahi: heʻino hoopai. E like me noae hewa ninini metala i hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka puu.

Ka pilikia ua i na malihini i i ke keleawe keʻaneʻane nō ka mea hiki ke lawelawe i ka apana uuku na mea hiki ke hooheheeia. "Kotelniki a olovyanniki" ana massively ulu waiwai, hiki e kūkulu iho i ka hale pohaku, e kuai pipiʻi waiwai. No ka kela mea keia mea i kona mau wahi pahale dala. Counterfeit lepeta ma Moscow wale, ua ka oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona.

Keleawe haunaele: hanana

Ma ke kakahiaka o June 25, 1662 Old Style i ka pahu ma ka Lubyanka ma Moscow i tuko i hoohewaia oia palapala, i kapaʻia poe kipi Rtishchev Miloslavsky a me ka malihini Basil Shorin. I ka mea a lakou i wahi i ka pilina me Poland, a hiki i keia manawa i ke kaua. Ka hewa ua ihola ia groundless, akā, ua pono kanaka i kekahi ka olelo e, e hoʻomaka manaʻo pīhoihoi.

A nui o kekahi mau tausani kanaka, ma hope o ka heluhelu i kēia memo, hele aku la a hiki i ke kauhale o Kolomenskoye - ke kauwela noho ana o ke alii. Koa crumpled, a me ka poʻe o ka 'elele wawahi ae la i loko o ka hale ma alii. Alexis iā Rtishchev Miloslavsky a me kaʻili i loko o ka hale o ke alii wahine, a hele aku la ia mai i na kanaka. A laila, ua he e hoohuli e wāwahi ai i nā kumu o ke kaiāulu a me canons. Maka'āinana ma hoopuni Alexei Mikhailovich, a literally malama pihi ke alii ka ke kahupuaa, ninau aku la: "Auhea o ka oiaio," ke kamaʻilio ua loa maluhia, a me ka Auguseto i olelo mua iaʻi na kanaka, e hoʻihoʻi mea. i "ku ma luna o kona mau lima a me ke alii." kekahi o na kipi Ma hope o ia, o ka aha, i ka laʻi ia, a hoomaka ae la e lūlū aku. Ke hana 'ia mea ia e ana. Akā, i kēia lā i destined e kekahi kala okoa.

Kekahi poe kanaka i keia manawa he paki hale Shorin, a i kana keiki ke keiki, e kākau i ka haʻi aku i kona makua kāne e hoʻopiʻi ana i kuai lilo aku i nāʻauamo, a me ka pela hooponopono, aa aku me ke keleawe ke kālā e kōkua i ka inainaʻenemi. Me ka mea, ke "iaia" i na lima o na kipi i hoounaia'ku i loko o Kolomenskoye, me ka huki hoʻi i ka poe i hoi mua mai ma laila. I keia manawa ua ana, e hele i Moscow e noiʻi ana i ka hihia i ke alii. Eia naʻe, hou olelo hooweliweli kipi i aku la ia ia mai loko mai o ia iho. Mai Moscow ma laila puakai pana pua a me na koa. A me Alexei Mikhailovich kauoha Artamonov Matveyev hack kipi.

Ua hoʻomaka 'ia me ka luku. Ke kanaka ua unarmed. People paopao, poho ma ka muliwai, hou ae la oia, a oki. Ma ia lā, a luku aku oi ma mua o ka tausani kanaka. I ka kēia mau lā, i ka i komo intensively huli i ka Hike i loko o ka Kolomenskoye, hopu, kāʻawe ihola iā ia, oki iho la i na lima a me na wawae, kuni, kipaku mai Moscow i mau pio. He nui no ka poe i hopu i haʻakoi e kākau mai ka haole e hoohalike i ka lima me ka mea hana ino-ola me ka make leaflet. Naʻe, i ka instigators oiaio loaʻa a me ka nele.

Keleawe kipi i ka 1662 i ka hana o kēia mau hoʻokiwikā ilihune - paahana, mahiʻai, butchers, kūloko ilihune. Mai poʻe kālepa a me ka poʻe o luna papa ia i ole komo 'ana i. A, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka hope hopu o na rioters.

E like me ka hopena o ka haunaele loli ma kahi o ekolu tausani kanaka, a me ka hapanui o ia mau mea, he wale 'ike lehulehu.

Keleawe haunaele: mea hoʻomaoe

Ke alii i kana olelo hoohiki, a hana aku me ka pilikia o ka lepeta. I ka 1663, ua paa kii o nā hale hana ma Novgorod a me Pskov, a ua pau loa ia i hoʻonele lepeta, mai holo. He hou coinage o kala kālā. A keleawe dala i kauoha e smelt ieoaeunoai paha kekahi, ia lakou i ka waihona waiwai. Keleawe dala e like no ka malihini hou kala e no inflationary uku o ka iwakalua a hiki i kekahi, i ka ua, i ka moku'āina ua kauoha aku ike i ka mea kahiko keleawe rubles he ma i ala ae nei. koke hou uku a pau e uku me ke kala.