Kiʻi o Peter 1. Nikitin, kiʻi o Peter 1. Historical kiʻi o Peter 1

Kanaka o Peter 1 ma ka akau o kekahi o ka Hoʻohaku wahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina. A o ka mea, ua ole i keia kanaka i hoʻokumu i ke aupuni a pau me ia, akā, i ka mea ana i ka noho alii ana o Petero i ka Lūkini i ka loa hou maʻi lele o? Acaeoey. Palapala na tausani o ka mōʻaukala a me ka biographical buke, e pili ana i kekahi kiʻi o Peter 1, akā, maopopo wehewehe mai i na hana o keia kanaka, moʻolelo,ʻepekema hiki mai a hiki i kēia lā. Kekahi o ia deify ka mua Lūkini Auguseto, hōʻike no kona mau HOU i loko o ka lehulehu a me ka'ōnaehana kuwaho. Others, ma ka mea ku ole, ho'āʻo ana e hōʻike iā ia i ka hoʻomäinoino a me ka despot, Ua haawiia i ka excessive lokoino nui a me kaʻino i poe kauwa nana. Akā, i ke kiʻi o Peter 1 kiʻi a ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, depicts he kanaka kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Nema aku ia Auguseto mua a me ka hana ino-noonoo HOU pahuna, e like me ka moʻolelo, ka eradication o nā mea a pau Lūkini, ke kūapoʻana kona Western nā loina. Naʻe, ka mea a elua maopopo leʻaʻae i kekahi mea: ka mea, ua maoli controversial, hiʻona'āina a me ka huahelu nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini moku'āina.

Mai manao ino aku, i ole ai oukou e manao ino ole

Inā mākou pono hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka mōʻaukala kiʻi o Peter 1, i hanaʻia e nā kākau o olalo i hana, ua hiki ke hele mai i ka poe noonoo ole ka hopena: e like me ka nui-me ka unahiʻole paha, ka 'hiki ole e hookolokoloiaʻi e au, hoʻokahi-sidedly. Ikaika delimitation o ke 'ano "ʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo"ʻaneʻi i unacceptable. Ma waho aʻeo ka noʻonoʻo loi, a, conversely, ke hoʻoleʻa mea pono e ike maopopo iho la i loko o ka laila na kanawai a me ka hana. A me ka mea i ka wa hihiu a me ka weliweli iā mākou wā, ua he olelo commonplace no kekahi papa o ka heluna kanaka o Rusia hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia.

Kiʻi o Petra Velikogo hiki ole e hoʻohana i kēia pono nā loina. Oia i kokoke e hiki aku, ina e "i lalo" a me ka mea naʻau. He hana ino i ka kuoo auhau o ka mōʻaukala ike maopopo o ka Muscovite moku'āina, a laila, i ka Russian aupuni a pau o ka XVIII kenekulia.

Nolaila, e pono e ho'āʻo e kālele ana objectively ma'ākilikai Kawaihae o ka mua Lūkini Auguseto a me nā mea a pau i pili i me ia e pono ai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, na mea lawelawe, e haʻalele lākou mark ole wale i loko o kālai'āina a me ka nenoaia kālai'āina.

Education - i ke kahua no ka wā e hiki mai paha, ka '

Petr Alekseevich Romanov Ua hānauʻia ma luna o May 30, 1672. ohana a pau i ke aliʻi, E like me ka pono like, me ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto ia wale nō ka home-no nā. A me ka pono ae aku mākou i, a hiki ma ka i keia la i ka hae, ka mea, ua hala loa maikai. Caregivers hōʻike ke keiki i oi propensity no na 'ōlelo a me ka' epekema. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, i ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto mai ka wā kamaliʻi i hui kanaka a me ka oaoieei pono kīvila. ʻOiai ke koho ia no i haawi aku i ka mea hiki sciences.

Ke keiki muli iho a Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich a me Natalia Naryshkin, iki o Petero, mahuahua remarkably agile a me ka ikaika keiki. Ma waho aʻeo i kona penchant no ka 'epekema, ka mea, hauʻoli pii ma pa, kaua nā aliʻi na¯ o ka pā p ÷ ai, a hoʻokō'ē aʻe oʻApelila ia ano o keia makahiki.

O kana oihana - he hana pono o nā aliʻi

Ke kūikawā kahaha ko oukou naau a pau, me ka a koe, biographers mau i ke kuko no ke keiki a ke alii i ka College ano o ka poe hana, i ka mea nona ia i olelo ia ukupanee a hiki i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō. None o ka mōʻaukala kiʻi o Peter 1 Ua piha me ka ho'ākāka 'ana o ke ana ana i ke pana aku au i nā hola e kiai ana i ka hana o ka lathe a makemake ha wela ohu hale forge.

Ke kuleana o ke keiki a ke aliʻi, i ole e hele unnoticed. Ua anao? aou kūikawā artisans, a hoomaka ae la e ao aku i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o Petero i ka easiest akamai: huli pāʻoihana a me ka forging. He mea pono e noonoo i ka mea i ole hele i ka lilo ana o ka Korata: aʻo haʻalele 'ana o ka mea opiopio hooilina. Kūlike Pae 'epekema, aʻo' ōlelo, i ka paʻa o koa 'epekema i ole, ua hōʻoki aku. Mai ke kakahiaka kamaliʻi, i ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto loaa hoʻonaʻauao (ka mea ku ole i kekahi Western paʻa moʻolelo i hale no nā Rusia i loko o kēlā mau makahiki oko ao sidedness a me ka nele o ka professionalism)ʻaoʻao nui a me ka mea e like ai.

Naʻe, makemake ole e kapaia ka "simpleton" o ka Auguseto, e kiai ana me ka artist kākau i kekahi kiʻi o Antropov Peter 1: aliʻi regalia, kulou a me ka maka olelo o ka nui a me ka ikaika kanaka. A inā i ka manawa ua make i ke kiʻi o ka Auguseto no aneane 50 makahiki, o ka mea kākau i depicted ia loa ike loea.

Poni a me ka loulou

Ke pili aupuni kiʻi o Peter 1 e hoʻomaka kākau mai 1682. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ke keiki ole Tsar Feodor Alekseevich opiopio Romanov i ke kiekie a hiki i ka noho aliʻi. Naʻe, ka mea i piliwaiwai i kona kaikuaana Ivan, ma mua o i ole e lawe ka lanakila o ka aoao Miloslavskys (hoahanau kaikuahine Petra - Sofia) no ka hui ana o ka hale coup. Miloslavsky ana hoʻohana i ka Royal pīhoihoi, a me ka hopena o ka Naryshkin poʻe, a pili i ka makuwahine o Petero, i aneane luku iho la ia. Ua kohoia Ivan "Lunakahiko" King a me Sophia lilo kuhina a-luna.

Streletsky kipi a outright brutal pepehi kanaka loa seriously loli i ke kanaka o Petero ka Nui. He nui nā moʻolelo hui ia me kēia mau hanana hou,ʻaʻole e mau ana 'O ke kaulike, ke alii hana.

Sophia, lilo ka hooponopono haku wahine o ka aina,ʻaneʻane a hoʻokuewa wale 'ke aliʻi i loko o ka poe liilii, hoopahaohaoia'na - he uuku suburban waiwai patrimony. Ua uaʻaneʻi i hoakoakoa ae la o Petero hanohano ui, kokoke 'ia, i hana mai i ka mea kaulana "Hoʻoleʻaleʻa shelves." Koa hoʻonaʻauao i kēia palapala, i nā luna a me nā koa o ka poe koa, a hoolohe io aku no keia ana. Petero, o ka papa, ua i ka luna. No ka mea hoʻokipa o ke keiki ke aliʻi i kūkuluʻia ka "amusing pā", a, honing i kona "hakakā mākau", leleʻino maila ke koa amusing. Eia naʻe, mau kanaka laila, ike iho la ia ua keia keiki ka hula keiki kāne e holo a puni me ka laau pū a me ka pahikaua, e koho i ka hoʻomaka o Petero ka kaulana a me ka formidable kiai.

None kiʻi o Peter 1 ka piha me ka hai Aleksandra Menshikova. Ka mea, loaa iho la ia ma ka ia wahi, i loko o ka hoopahaohaoia'na. Keiki a ke kahu i loko o ke kēia mau makahiki i ka lima akau o ka Auguseto a me kekahi o na kanaka mana nui i loko o ke aupuni a pau.

coup Miloslavskys

Nawaliwali, a me ka soreness o ka "mua" Tsar Ivan ke kahu Sophia mau puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka piha autocracy i loko o ke aupuni. Hoʻopuniʻia e nā aliʻi o ka ikaika poʻe Miloslavskys, i ka luna ua i piha paulele i ka mea e e hiki ke lalau wale iho i ka mana. Eia naʻe, ma ke ala a hiki i ka noho aliʻi,ʻo ia Petero. He Ua poniʻia e ke Akua, a me ka maʻamau ke alii.

Ma 'Aukake 1689 Sophie hoʻoholo ihola ma luna o ka coup d'état, i ka manao o ka i ua e hoʻopau aku la o Petero, a hopu i ka noho aliʻi. Eia naʻe, ma ka pono a kanaka i aoia i ke aliʻi'ōpiopio, a me ka mea, he e haʻalele i ka hoopahaohaoia'na, hūnāʻia i loko o ka Trinity-Seregio hoailona. I na hoailona Ua i wae mai ma ka iho. Ka mānoanoa o ka pā, a me nā auwai tunnels ua he insurmountable ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai no Hiking Streltsov Sofi. I hoao i na rula a pau o ka oihana koa 'epekema ma Sophia iʻaʻole no ka manawa, aole hoi i ka mea. Eia hou, ke kauoha waiwai musketeer wahi kala ano pihoihoi mai, i ka ike ole iʻaoʻao e koho.

Ka poe i huiiaʻi me ka olelo hooholo, e hookaawale ia ia i loko o ka Trinity-Seregio? 'Aʻole i kēia e hōʻike' ia i kekahi mōʻaukala kiʻi o Peter 1. Ma pōkole, huli mai i kēia wahi, e e ona no ka Sofia a loa maikaʻi no ke aliʻi. Ahaolelo kākoʻo o Petero. Hakakā hao wale aristocratic lio a me ka infantry "amusing" a me ka oiaio musketeers hoʻopuni Moscow. Sophia i hoahewa ia a ua hoopaaia ma ka hoailona, a ua pepehiia a pau hoa o Miloslavskys hanauna paha a hoʻokuewa wale '.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Tsar Ivan Peter lilo i ka hooponopono nona o ka Moscow noho aliʻi. Malia paha i ho'ākāka 'ia ma nā hanana ua paipaiʻia ia i mea reorganization o ka Lūkiniʻaoʻao o ke ola a pau. He oiaio, 'elele o ka "maikai elemakule lā" i loko o ka maka o ka poʻe pana pua, a Miloslavskys mau ho'āʻo ana e kāohi wehe i ka mea opiopio Auguseto, hooeueu ae la ia ia me ka subconscious makau ia, e like me ka wā koi ana a pena hoʻi i ka manaʻoʻike kiʻi o Peter 1, Ua lewa ma luna o kona maka, a hahai aku la i loko o ka ua kokoke a kona make ana. E like pena kaʻina hana a recreate ka unusually ikaika, akā, i ka mea ia manawa loa luhi maka o ke alii. Artist Nikitin, Makuahine o Peter 1, i mea kahaha ko oukou naau i loko o kona naaupo wale no, a me ka nele o imperial 'ona e, e haawi i kēia ikaika-Ke makemake nei anei a me ka mana akā, nui iho la ia oiaio kanaka. Eia naʻe, manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kaʻauiʻana o "lawe aku" o ka nani o Nikitin, Kuhikuhi 'ia hana no ka hoʻomaka o ke keneturia unuhi kaila.

Window i Europa - German suburb

E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o kēia mau Aey? Acaeoey he loa maoli makemake o ke keiki alii i ka mea a pau 'Eulopa. He mea hiki ole keia i ole e nana i ke kūlana o Kukui - German Colony, a aloha ae la ia e kipa i ka Emperor. Ke aloha kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me kā lākou mau maemaeʻaoʻao o ke ola dramatically okoa, mai mea ana i ike iho la o Petero ma ke koena o ka hookahi Moscow. Akā, o ka hana ana,ʻaʻole i loko o maemae hale. Ka Emperor Ua hoopihaia ma ke ala o ke ola o keia apana oʻEulopa.

He nui nā moʻolelo manaʻo i kēia holo Kukui hapa i hana i ka mōʻaukala kiʻi o Peter 1. Ma pōkole, i ka wā e hiki mai e kākoʻo ana-Western wale. Mākou E mai poina e pili ana i ka launa pū, zavedonnyh ke aliʻi i loko o ka Kelemānia ka hunāhunā. Aia la oia me kekahi hoi luna o ka Hawaiian Frantsem Lefortom, ka poe i lilo i ke poʻo kumu a mea koa kuhikuhi, a me ka onaona Anna Mons - wā e hiki mai punahele o ka Auguseto mua. pâʻani 'o ia nā o kēia mau kānaka a Mānoa ano nui i loko o Lūkini mōʻaukala.

Komo i ke kai - he kaʻakālai hana

Peter hou a oi hoihoi i loko o ka'auwaʻa. Pela hoolimalima Hōlani a me Pelekānia haku ao aku ia ia i ka paena a me ia paena o ka hale moku. Hope, i ka wa a ka Lūkini hae e hele mnogopushechnye battleships a me ka ol ', Peter mea i pono i kekahi manawa, a me ka palua pono keia mau ike i na nuances o shipbuilding. All mā a me ka mare ana i loko o ka hana,ʻo ia i ho'ākāka 'ia iho. He mea känalua 'ka mea i kapaia o King-kamana. 1 Peter maoli ke kapili i kahi moku, mai ke kakaka i ka moku me kona mau lima.

Eia naʻe, i kona wā'ōpiopio Muscovy i hoʻokahi wale OAAIeOO i ke kai - i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Arkhangelsk. Europa moku, o ka papa, hele aku la a hiki i ke awa, akā, geographically ua loa pōʻino no ka mea kalepa nā loulou i ka wahi (aie i ka loa a me ka pipiʻi moku waiwai i loko o Rusia). Kēia manaʻo i kipa, o ka papa,ʻaʻole Poroshenko wale. No ka 'ae' ana i ke kai a me kona mua ua kaua, ka hapanui unsuccessfully.

Petero manao, e hoʻomau i ka Azov paipai aʻo kai eʻe. No i ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma 1686 Hoomau iho la lakou i ke kaua me Tureke. Ka poe koa, i ka mea, ao mai la ia ma ka Europa ano, ua mua he formidable pūʻali koa. kekahi mau koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, ua hanaia ai i ke kulanakauhale o Azov kai. Akā, hope wale nō o ka pomaikai. Eia naʻe, ka lanakila i hele mai ma ke kumu kūʻai. A liʻiliʻi, akā, kūkulu ihola i ia manawa me ka polokalamu 'enekinia, pā koi nui Lūkini ola.

Oiai ka oiaio o ka hopu ana o Azov ma Europe i ike loa-Liloa (no ka mea, o ka lilo hiʻohiʻona), ka mea, ua ka mua maoli no KUMUMANAʻO NUI lanakila o ke keiki aliʻi. A me ka hapanui o importantly - Rusia hope loaa komo i ke kai.

Great Northern kaua

I loko nō o ka poʻe mälama 'skepticism oʻEulopa nā loea kālai'āina, Peter 1 hoʻomaka e manaʻo e pili ana i ka Baltic kai. Ke aliʻi waiwai ua i ia manawa seriously mea e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka ulu 'iʻini o kekahi keiki strategist - ka Kuekene King Karl XII. ʻO kekahi kumu o ke kumu ka o ka poʻeʻEulopa kākoʻo i ka Moscow tsar i loko o kona manaopaa, e kiʻi i kekahi'āpana o ka Hawaiian aina Baltic e wehe ma laila i nā shipyards a me ka awa. Ua manao ia e i elua a ekolu Lūkini awa ia mea hiki e ho'ā a imminent kaua no ka Baltic Sea seriously kona nāwaliwali Kuekene, a, aole nae nāwaliwali Lūkini lanakila 'ana, akā, seriously bogged ia i loko o nā moku'āina''āhiu Muscovy.

No laila, hoomaka ae la he lōʻihi Hawaiian War. Ua mau ae la ia mai ka 1700 a hiki i 1721, a pau me ka unexpected pio o ka Kuekene kaua ma Poltava, e like me ka apono o ka Lūkini alo i loko o ka Baltic kai.

reformer

O ka holo ana, me ka kaumaha waiwai a me ka mau loli ma Rusia Peter 1 makemake i oki ma ka "puka makani iʻEulopa" kaulana. Reformers literally a pau e pōʻino aoao o Muscovy. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke kaua, ka mea, ua loaa ia ia kona ho okumu i loko o ka Hawaiian War. Peter loaʻa nā kumu waiwai no kona modernization a me ka hui ana o na Europa kükohu. A ina ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i ka Swedes ua e hana me nā kuʻina, pinepine untrained a poorly i mākaukau 'iniha, ma ka pau ana o ke kaua ka mea, ua, ua ikaika Europa poe koa, hiki ke lanakila.

Akā,ʻaʻole wale i ke kanaka o Petero ka Nui, i hoʻokahi tālena kupaianaha o ka luna, ae aku la ia ia, e lanakila i ka lanakila nui. Ke professionalism o kona hea ka pūkaua a ascetics - he kumuhana no ka lōʻihi me ka manaʻoi i kamaʻilio. Ma ka heroism o ka poe noonoo ole Lūkini koa haku a pau kaao. O ka holo ana,ʻaʻohe koa hiki ole lanakila me ka nui hope. I koa 'iʻini ma na kepa i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka mea kahiko Rusia, a ua lawe mai ia i kekahi kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka mooolelo kahiko, ua hiki i ka piha hālāwai i ka pono o ka ulu koa a me ka moku. Ua aneane na wa e ola kiʻi o Peter 1 depicts kona mau koa kapa kila a me nā luna hoʻolale 'ona. Artists uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka Emperor pono.

'Aʻole he hookahi koa

Kiʻi o Peter 1 e ole e piha ina mākou hoʻohāiki kakou wale i ka waiwai a me ka koa lanakila. Ke Auguseto E hookupu i ke ana a me ka manaʻo i loko o ka wahi o ka hoʻokele nā mea hoʻololi. Mua o nā mea a pau, i ke kula o ke Senate, a me nā papa kahi o obsolete a me ka hana ma luna o ka loina o ka caste o ka Boyar Duma, a kauoha.

Mea e Petero i ka "Table o na lalani" Ua spawned ka muli o laila,-kapaia kaiapili ka hoʻoneʻe. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka Hoike Staff i ka manawa maikai a me ka hanohano i loaa wale n? Ma luna o kānaka apau i mākaukau. Loli i i a me ka diplomacy. Ma kahi o ka wa kahiko für pālule, a me nā pālule highborn boyars, i poe Rusia, kauoha malu diplomats hoi au i Europaʻilikai.

Description Peter 1 kiʻi makemake e kāpili ina ua kamailio e pili ana i ka mea wale nō i loko o superlatives. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i na mau mea ulu i loko o geopolitical Rusia, ke ola o ka ano o kanaka i i loli nui ma ka aina, a ma kekahi mau hihia (no ka laʻana, muli o koa hana) Ua e nahae. Life mea puni serf ua emi o ke ola ana o ka lio kumukuai. Keia ua oi loa kekahi 'i loko o ka "global" Petero ka kūkulu ioauoa. Tausani o ka poʻe i pepehiʻia ma ka hana ana i ka maikai kulanakauhale ma Europe - St. Petersburg. 'Aʻohe manaʻo o ka poe make, a ma ke kukulu o ka Ladoga Canal ... A o ka hailonaʻana o nā kānaka uʻi,ʻaʻole i koa i, ka make ma lalo o nā lāʻau luna, i hoʻolaunaʻia ma ka hoʻopaʻi ma luna hoʻolale naehana.

He mea no ka piha 'ole no kanaka ola mua Auguseto, a nema aku ana, e hoopai ana ia ia hāwāwā, kāʻili wale, a he nui ka helu o ka manaʻoʻia. Eia hou, ua 'alo na wahi a mākou a me kona luku ana inhumanity kūʻiʻo hana o Peter 1.

I hoomalu o keia kanaka e wale aku nei au i kekahi mea. Ka mua ia Auguseto o Rusia i aole mamao loa ia ia iho, mai kona poe kanaka ma ia mau mamao, i ae ia lakou iho i ka hope luna. A tausani manawa ka enemi kāna mau 'ōlelo hiki ke haehae ia ma ke kaʻawale. Ōlaʻi i ka manawa Petr Alekseevich Romanov hiki e mokuhia e ma imperfect moku. A i ka global hana hana, hiamoe iholaʻo ia i loko o ka ia Barracks me nā mea maʻi i haalele ai, ka maopopo mua e hopu maʻi puʻuwai, mai a i ka manawa ua ole ai '.

O ka holo ana, mālama ma kaʻenemi pōkā Emperor maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea maʻamau koa, ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka maikai kauka, a me ka ole paha i ka make, mai ka maʻi palū a pau nui aku ma mua o ka maʻamau kua'āina. Eia naʻe, e hoʻopau mai i ka hōʻikeʻano o ka kiʻi o Petero i ka 1 iaiyoe i ke kumu no kona make ana. Emperor make o ka pneumonia, i ua loaa mai, e olaʻi ka wai huihui aʻe, mai ke kahakai kiaʻi poe noonoo ole koa Neva. Ka mea mea,ʻaʻole like kekahi 'ma ka e like me na hana o kona olaʻana, akā, i ka i ana i ka hailona. He olelo lealea i kekahi, mai ka laekahi "kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika" Ua hiki no ia i Kanawai ...