Lepo lipolipo - lepo papa pilikia ma ke kaʻina hana o ka lepo ho okumu

Lepo 'ole ua? Anoee ma naʻano likeʻole, i ke koho a me ka pono o ka a me ka nānā' ana i ka ho'ākāka pono o ka 'Oihana. I ka Ia manawa, ua paʻa ano o ka hōʻike 'ano o ka lepo papa, ma i nä känaka' epekema ke maopopo ike mau i na ano a me na hiʻona o ka'āina aloha keia a me ia wahi. No ka laʻana, ma laila nō'ātoma, hoʻopiha a me ke aniani, a hakakinoʻilikai e hoohalike ai nā hale ka mea hiki ke noiʻi i ka lepo me ka loli iki ana au mamuli mea e. I ka ha o ka hōʻike, ahu iho i hanaia ma ka lepo lipolipo. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, hiki e lewa ma ka honua a mahele holoʻokoʻa i i ua hanaʻia e kekahi mau 'ā ina papa no i kekahi wā o ka manawa.

subsurface lipolipo

Ka mea, oia ma kekahi alanui kumu kahua a me nń ku, ahu iho o kamaaina, a hana i koe, e like me ka makua i ka pōhaku, mai kaʻoi o ko Hawaii o ke kahua o ka hope papa ma ka ili honua. Oia papa i heterogeneous, a i kekahi mau 'ano. Poe akamai i kuhikuhi i ke one, ka lepo, litter, e like me hui mau papa, wehewehe aku ma kekahi mau kumu.

He nui ka e hoailona oukou i ka poe i kaheaia walaʻauʻana maternal lipolipo me kumu. Ka mea, i ma ka loa lalo, akā, ua he nui ka hopena ma luna o ka luna papa a. Keia ua hoikeia mai ma ka hiki e hana Nine Inch, mineralogical a me mechanical ano, a me ka physical ano o ka momona papa. Alaila, o ka litter e i ka oi uʻi agronomic kona mea e like ma mua o ke kumu pōhaku, e nānā 'ia ma ke one a he palolo kekahi haku mele' ana o ka me mechanical waiwai.

lepo 'oleʻAno

Loiloi 'ana o nā' ano o ka moana lipolipo mea,ʻaʻole e hiki ole wā kona 'ole. By structuringʻano he moʻo o kanaka huahelu a (particles) hiki ia oe ke disintegrating ana. Ia mea he waiwai i Ho'ākāka 'ka me mechanical moku'āina o aggregation o ka lepo nuipa a. Kekahi o na mea kiko'î i ae e hoʻohuli i ai i ua poe lipolipo o ka aina a me na hale, he ka ponaʻana ikaika ma waena o nā kumu kanaka o ka hoao ana haku mele 'ana a me ka microaggregates. I ka lā, loaʻa nō ekolu waeʻano o ka lepo epekema kulanui, a oko huna nui like 'ole, e like me kā lākou ae hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha. Kēia prismatic, cuboid a me ka plitovidnaya 'ole.

Ke prismatic (particles) o ka lepo nā paʻi hua uluʻano nui vertical (axis), cuboid 'ole kuhi i kaʻaʻahu o ka makana o ka (particles) i loko o ekolu Kekoa ke aupuni' ÷ haku i kekahi i kekahi. Plitovidnye soils i hanaʻia i loko o nā koʻi lipi me ka maopopo hua'ōleloʻo o ka vertical kuhikuhi. Inā ke kaupaona ana, aole ia i disintegrate i loko o kanaka, (particles), a initially wehewehe aku e noa-waikahe e moku'āina, ka mea, ua kapaʻia razdelnochastichnoy unstructured. Kēia pūʻulu ka loaʻa o ka lepo a me ke one. I huli ai oe, ai ka pōhaku lepo i e haawiia i ka papakaukau unstructured. Na hale i wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka nui popo palaoa o ka shapeless.

I ka waiwai o ka huna nui hoi o ka makana

Inā ka mechanical e 'ole Ho'ākāka' i ka puunaue ana o kanaka oihana mua i loko o ka lepo nuipa, ke huna nui Ka Ikepili hiki hooholo agronomic waiwai ma ka aayoaeuiinoe huna 'ana. No ka laʻana, poe akamai i haawi i ka morphological ano o ka lepo holoʻokoʻa me ka laka hiʻona o ka haku mele 'ana. Penei, o ka lepo o ka hapanui one wao nahele, a me ka hana nui loa no ka noiʻi mea e hoakaka i ka maʻiʻo uniformity a me ka predominance o kekahi a me kekahi he mokuahana. kekahi huahelu ki ina hana like, a me ka hoʻohana 'ana metrology lako a hoʻohana' ia i loko o ia mau assays.

Ke kumukuai o ke ano o ka lepo

Waihoʻoluʻu lepo nuipa o kekahi o ka loa koʻikoʻi morphological hiʻona, a hiki hooholo i ka aaiaoe piliʻalihi moana. Eia hou, ma ka pōʻaiapili o ka aina me ka PAaIEN o ka malu nakaka kōkua i loko o ia mau haʻawina e paʻa a me ka palena lipolipo. Naʻe, i ka waihoʻoluʻu a me keʻano hana o ka manaÿo i ole hua'ōlelo i loko o kēia hihia. Ma lalo o kala like 'ole o ia hoʻi, ke mau ano heterogeneity a me ka patchiness. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka lepo nuipa waihoʻoluʻu Hōʻike ka hui malu pu ana o nā waihoʻoluʻu a pau, a me ka pinepine 'ē aʻe chromaticity mea e like ai. Ma ke ala, he nui ke ano o na kamaaina E lawe aku i kona inoa kaʻoi loa o ka waihoʻoluʻu 'ano - i kēia Hiki ke i ke kaila a hiki i ke oho lepo, ulaula ka lepo a me ka eleele ka lepo.

Waihoʻoluʻu moana lipolipo i e heterogeneous a me ka homogeneous. Ma ka hihia mua, o ka nui 'ia nā pōpō i loko o kekahi'ōniʻoniʻo, ai ka oko i Hahai I ole wale chromatic ano. Waihoʻoluʻu pinepine ke kumu no, a ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ma physical ano, a me ka hoʻopā. Aʻaʻahu kala like 'ole mea, no ka laʻana wao akua ka lepo, kahi o ka haʻahaʻa papa mākaukau kaua paha, hoomama iho la kona (particles).

humus lipolipo

Kēia mea he nui pūʻulu o soils, a i hanaʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka biodegradation. E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe moana lipolipo papa oko ma kiʻekiʻe, physical quality, haku mele 'ana, ke aloha hehee wale, etc. D. kēia aka mea oi kaʻauiʻana o ka laulā, mai poʻo iʻeleʻele. Typical wahi o ka humus moana lipolipo o ka hehi a me ka nahele hehi. Maoli, maternal nahele hp'pnphp anuu ua pili kēia he hoʻonui i ke kahua o ka luna papa o kēiaʻano. Ma kekahi, kūlana ho'āno moana lipolipo, serogumusovy a me ka svetlogumusovy. Ho'āno papa i hookuu i loaʻa i loko o ka tundra a me ka taiga wahi. Hoopomaikai io humus moana lipolipo me ka humus. Ua ua ana i loaʻa i loko o ka Wetland Landskap ma ke kūkulu hema. Nani lipolipo o ka nui o kēia 'ano ua laha ma na soils o arid, a kalaka nui-arid aina, a ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka mehana arid aniau.

ke aloha lipolipo

Kēia waeʻano nā lepo lipolipo, ma a ka maʻiʻo o ke aloha eiiiiiaiou ka 30% a oi. Loa pinepine ka mea, o ka luna papa o ka pili. Eia kekahi laʻana, o ka ili honua, ahu iho oia he peat moana lipolipo,ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi hoi 10 knm. It i hanaia ma decomposing kanu residues, herbaceous hehi ma muli paha o a me ka 'ole. D. Humus ahu iho la i kekahi E wehewehe pū mai i loko o keia pae. Mahalo iā ia, i hanaʻeleʻele ka lepo, a hiki no hoi i ka pouli mea eleele a me ka eleele waihoʻoluʻu. Ia me ka ho okumu i hookuu moe ma lalo o ka litter-peat papa. Aia i nā subspecies o ka moana lipolipo, i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka i hiki komo a me ka mea pōhaku kumu mua. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE unifying morphological waiwai o soils komo i loko o kēia 'ia paha ua ma muli o ke kumu o ka ke aloha mea. Ia mea, ma keia hihia lepo ho okumu ia lŘlŘ ma lalo o ka aoao o ka biodegradation.

Median lepo lipolipo

A kiʻiona hiʻona o ka lipolipo o kēiaʻano o ka welelau o ka lepo ho okumu keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ana i loko o ka' ole me kekahi mawaho keiki ma luna o nā nā paʻi hua. A typical Luna o kēiaʻano mea alfegumusovyʻalihi moana. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka humic-ferrous inclusions ma ka manaʻoe kūkulu heʻili paha 'Ohi a o ka mea pōhaku (particles). Like no keʻano, ma keia hihia,ʻaʻohe mea ikaika hana - nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hana haku mele 'ana, a hiki e ka lepo a me ka pouli, a me ka yellowish malamalama malu. Nō kāu, lepo lipolipo Median 'ano i loaʻa i loko o loamy a me ka one soils. A kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi o ia ka palena manawa, e e textured, a me ka moana lipolipo. Kēia mea eleele nuipa, ai ka 'ole i mnogoporyadkovoy nui a me ka multilayer films. Naʻe, i ka moana lipolipo hiki ke loaʻa ma lalo o ka predominance o ka lepo soils.

eluvial moana lipolipo

Ke uhi Profile, overlain e papa ana i organogenic paha humus, o ka loa luminousʻalihi moana. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka Lightweight huna nui hoi o ka makana, a me ka 'ano o kona constituent oihana mua ma ka hua'ōlelo o physical waiwai. Mau lipolipo i ka lolouila podzolized, humus-eluvial a me ka subelyuvialny papa. No ka laʻana, i ka nui o kekahi podzolic one a me ka one ma Lok huna nui kumu, a ma kekahi mau hihia, ole-mea kūkulu hunahuna kumu. No ka haawi moana lipolipo typical hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha i loko o ka 'ole a me ka humid alfegumusovyh Landskap. Ma ke ala, e like me kekahi mau mall ano like i mau papa illuvial moana lipolipo, eia nae ka dominance o mea eleele nā kumu a me nā mea a pau i olelo ia mawaho oko ao.

Arable moana lipolipo

Soils i komo i loko o arable lipolipo, ano laulā, i kapa i ka ili. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole naʻilikai keʻano i ka momona soils. A kūikawā e like ai o keia moana hoi i pono ia i ke kaʻina o nā 'ano kūpono no ka mahi ana i ulu. I ka haku mele 'ana a me ka agronomic ano o topsoil ae i ke kumu'ōnaehana, mai ka lepo nuipa e scoop ka koi' ia hehee wale. Natural na kumu no i hana mai i keiaʻeleʻele kamaaina, akā, pinepine ka makemake 'ano, ua hoʻonuiʻia, a me konaʻano. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka' ike loea o ka mahi o arable moana lipolipo, fertilization, a ma ka lilo o ka Moku'āina 'o ka hydrological e hooponopono.

makua pōhaku

Kēia superficial papa o na makua, a lilo ia i ke kumu no ka ho okumu ana o hou kamaaina. Nō kāu, ke huna nui hoi o ka makana i ka pōhaku i mea pōhaku eiiiiiaiou - 80%. Ke koe o ia ke ole peatʻalihi moana, nona ka hoopiha ka leo o ka mea pōhaku hiki ia i loko o 10%. Ka mea, oia noteworthy ia mau papa a hiki ke ka mea maikaʻi anuu no ka hooulu ana o ka momona arable kamaaina me kiʻekiʻe agronomic kulai, akā, ka mea mau i na manawa a pau e pono ai no ka mahi. Kēia paha ia i ka pōhaku lepo a me ka pōhaku, i ke kumu o ka a ua hanaʻia ma ka igneous, sedimentary, a me metamorphic pōhaku. Akā, ma ka naʻe o ka meager hana ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka fertility, ua papa i kekahi kumu maikai e hoʻomōhala hou uʻi no ka mahiai poi.

ka hopena

Agro-iiaie oaoieei hana a me ka eanie? Ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā mea kūʻai mai a me nā mea hoʻohana o ka mea, a i papahana palapala me ka'āina na pauku, a e hoike ana i ka holoʻokoʻa o ka lepoʻalihi moana. i koi ia ike no ka oi piha naauao o ka he kiʻi a me nā 'ano o nā kumu waiwai a me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kona ulu ana keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ma kekahi, lepo lipolipo ae e kilokilo mea e e hou? Iaea i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka lepo. No ka like ana o kēia mau lipolipo ua pili i ka palahalaha pae ana o kāu kiʻina hana i kākoʻo 'ia e ke kālā no ka hoʻohana' ana. Eia hou, hoihoi i loko o ia mau haʻawina pinepine poe ia lakou iho e lawe mai hana nona ma hoʻololi i ka 'ole a me nā' ano o kekahi mau lipolipo.