Lev Zadov-Zinkovskiy - Head o Counterintelligence hoʻokahuli aupuni Insurgent Army o Ukraine Nestor Makhno

Lev Zadov ua he koʻikoʻi ka Luna o ka māpuna au o ke Kanawai Kaua. An anarchist ma ka hoahewa ia, oia mua kaua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Red Army, laila, neʻe i na kipi Makhno. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka "launahele" holo Zadoff i Romania. E like me ka peacetime, hoi aku la oia i kona'āina, kahi āna i hoʻomaka ai e hana no ka NKVD.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Born Lev Nikolaevich Zadov April 11, 1893. By aupuni 'ē aku la oia i ua Iudaio, a me kona maoli ka inoa i kākau like Zodov. Akā, ÷ ino Makhno ua pono ike no kona inoa kapakapa Zinkovskiy. Lev Nikolaevich Zadov i hānau i loko o ka liʻiliʻi Iudaio panalaau ia kokoke i makana-lā Donetsk. Oiai Semitic heluna noho ma ka olelo hoopomaikai noho i loko o ke komohana , i nā'āina o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Ua Ua pili me ke ola ana o ke Pale o ka Mai Lepera. hiki ole Iudaio noho iho i loko o ke kikowaena hapa o ka aina. Akā, ua nui na mea i loko o ka Ukraine, a Poland.

Ma ka hopena o XIX - kakahiaka XX kenekulia. i lilo i Iudaio nui kona mau lala o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. Au ua i koe, a Lev Nikolaevich Zadov. Mahalo i kona kekahi kime pāʻani kūkulu ia mai i kakahiaka nui elemakule ia hana i loko o nā poʻe (ma ka mea wili palaoa, hola, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Ma keia 'ia, ka mea, ua pakahi aku la iaʻeleu propaganda o'ano'ē kālai'āina ka neʻe' ana. No ia mea, Zadov oluolu e lilo i anarchist. He ua mahele ana i puka moʻokalaleo, oia komo i loko o ka hālāwai. Kona complexion ua maopopo pono keia mau mea i loko o robberies a me "expropriations." Ua ua ike ia'ōpio anarchist i komo i loko o ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ekolu mau hana. Radicals kāʻili o nā kiaʻi puka, ma ka Railroad ku a me ka lāʻau kū oihana. Ke dala hele i ka cashier o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana, a laila, lilo i ka pai ana i kai eʻe lako.

Ma o ka hale paʻahao, a ma ka Red Army

I ka 1913, no kona questionable ha awina i hopu ia e na Aupuni Lev Nikolaevich Zadov. Ke alo ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā ia i ewalu makahiki ma ka hale paʻahao, ma ka hana oolea. Ua mea ma laila, no ka mea o dissonant anarchist hoʻololi i kona inoa, a lilo Zinkovskaya. Ma Pepeluali 1917 ua he kipi. Kingship haule iho, a me ka hou wahi aupuni hai e pili ana no nā mea a pau "kālai'āina pio." No laila, Zinkovskiy kuu ana i ka hapalua o ka haʻalele 'ana ma hope.

Hoʻokahuli aupuni hoi aku la i kona mau maoli Yuzovka (koke ia e Kapa hou i loko o Donetsk), kahi āna i koho i ka hope o ka kūloko poe hana. Ma hope o ka Bolsheviks hele mai i ka mana Zinkovskiy makemakeʻikeʻia i loko o ka Red Army. Kona poʻe kaua, ua e emi hope i ka Tsarina. I loko nō o ka paakiki pilikia i ke ehuehu o na lala o ke Kanawai War, ka mea maʻamau i kona''he hiki mua i hōʻike a koke i hoʻopiʻi 'ana i ke poo o ka brigade. Zadov akā, haʻalele kokeʻana i ka Red Army. Like me kana i wehewehe i loko o kekahi o ka interrogation ma ka NKVD, ma o ka mahuka ana o kona mau hilinaʻi ua paipaiʻia. A pau ka ke keʻena luna i loko o kekahi mea, ka uku, Zinkovskaya like me ka nui aʻa Makehewa uku 750 rubles. Ano o ka loaa ana he umi emi. Ua huhu ka anarchist, a hele aku la ia i ka Ukraine. Hope ma ka GPU o ka NKVD haʻahaʻa akula ia i ka mahuka ana i ka 1918.

Ka lima'ākau o Makhno

He lilo ka hou luna o Zadoff, Nestor Makhno - anarchist a me ke poo o ka liberation neʻeʻana i loko o Ukraine. Leo komo i loko o nā mea a pau nui hana "kipi uliuli". Ma ke kupulau o 1919, alai ae i ka hui i me ka makana no ka bourgeoisie, a me ka capitalist ola i loko o ?? eoi? E hoʻomalu aku e na koa o Makhno.

Ukrainian Insurgent Army ua he loa ole-ʻaʻahu i loko o kā lākou haku mele 'ana. I ka pono o kona mau lala pinepine mai i coincide. No ka laʻana, ka mea hoʻohana Zinkovskiyʻano dubious kaulana,ʻano nui ma muli o ia i ka mea ia i ka manawa i pakele, mai ka Red Army. Kekahi i komo o ke Kanawai Kaua , mai waena o nā He kokekau wale Makhno koi i kona make ana. Ka mea, ua ka influential kanaka me Lev Golik (poo o ka loan-manao) a me Alexey Marchenko. Na lono e pili ana i ka unreliability Zinkovskaya wahie laua kamailio ana i ka Soviet KGB ho'āʻo e Imi ia.

Jobs kipi counterintelligence

Ma ka loa noho pilikia nui o ka adjutant o Makhno i hoolaia mai ka hoʻopaʻi wahine "makua" Galina Kuzmenko. He kekahi manawa mua hana pu me Zinkovskaya counterintelligence kipi, a imbued ia mea i hilinaʻi ai. Ia mea ma keia Zadoff i kona wahi, e lawe i ka loa controversial hanaʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka Makhnovists.

Punitive kino pakele ana o kanaka mahuʻi mua o ke kipi a me ka disloyalty. Lev Nikolaevich Zinkovsky, e like me Lenin, i manaoio i ka hiki ole i ke kipi e hanaia ma keʻokeʻo Loan a me ka hoʻohana aristocratic ano o ka paio kālai'āina. na atrocities a pau o ke Kanawai War, a keʻokeʻo a me ka ulaula, a me ka "omaomao" hoapono ana i ka manaʻo nui. Ma kekahi, ka mea, ua communism, oiai kekahi poe - aupuni ku okoa ana a me ka nohona like ma lalo o ka anarchic ideals.

I ka pau ana o ke Kanawai War

I ka 1920, i ka Army Red aiʻulupā Denikin, a ua hou i loko o ka Ukraine. A laila, Nestor Makhno, a me kona poʻe kākoʻo i ua haiia poe enemi o na kanaka. Ua pepehi nā kipi,ʻaʻole wale nō no ka mea, o ka oihana koa hoʻolako 'ole, akā, i ka hewa o ka outbreak o ke ahulau typhus. Maʻi mercilessly mokupuni a hiki i ka loa kāohi ikaika, a ola na kanaka. Zinkovskiy pū, no kekahi manawa i ka hewa, nae, oia ua hiki ke ola. I ka mea, ua i waena o ka mea mau He kokekau wale Makhno hoola mai ka make ma ka holo peʻe ma o kona puʻuhonua.

Ma hope iho o ka alihi kaua o ka hee kipi neʻe huli mai ia e palekana, Leo, a me kona kaikaina illegally hoi aku la i kona hanau Donbass. Soon, ke Soviet aupuni hoʻoholo e e i ka hana me Makhno. Guerrillas ua kaumaha ia e ka maluhia a me ka Reds, a, e kōkua iā lākou i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i na koena o ko Wrangel ka poe koa, entrenched ma ka Crimea. Ma ka haule ana o ka 1920 Zinkovskiy hou pokole lilo i ka colleague oʻulaʻula. He kaua i loko o ka Crimea, a i kekahi i loko o ka pio hope ana o ka White neʻeʻana i loko o ka Peninsula.

emigration

I ke kauwela o 1921 Makhno pu me ka mea mau i koena hoa holo aku la a hiki i Romania. I ka maalo ae la oia ma ka palena Zadov kuhikuhi risky hana e hoʻopau kiai. Together me ka umi Mai ku ia i hookohukohu ihoʻulaʻula Makhnovists hahai aku la. No laila, i ka anarchist e hoʻokele i ke kanaka naaupo! I ka poe kiai. A hiki aku ka mea, lilo aku makaʻala, kokoke i ka mea Zinkovskaya, i wehe merciless ke ahi ma luna o lākou.

Pēlā i hāʻawi mai ai no ka Zadoff hoomaka emigration au. He noho ma Romania. No ke ola ua ole no ia, ka mea mua Makhnovets, a me kona kaikaina hana i loko o ka sawmill. Ko lakou poino kulana home 'ole ua maopopo noteworthy, i haawiia i na kipi ike e pili ana i ke ola ana o Ukrainian kanu ana hoi, waiwai kanuʻia e ia a hiki i ke Kanawai ke Kaua. Ka pilikia ua wale i ka poʻe, kekahi pū'ā i kela kapa o ka Soviet mokuna, a i ole i manawa e lawe malama o ko lākou wā e hiki mai maikaʻiʻana.

Ohana

Soon ka Lomānia manao, ua pūʻali koa i mea mua Makhnovets. Zinkovskaya kaumaha akula i ka 'oihana i loko o ka commando pae i? Oaony e kiola i loko o ka Soviet Ukraine. Leo'Ī akulaʻo ia. I ka makahiki 1924 ka mea, ua hoʻi ma ka hale. Eia naʻe, koke Zadov hoʻoholo ihola e hoihoi aku i ka Soviet Aupuni. Kona biographers e olelo aku ia ia i ua ia mai ke kinohi duril Lomānia scouts e kiʻi i ka USSR me ka pu kāleka i kona lole a me ka manao i na hana o kaʻenemi.

Zin'kovskaya hui e manaoio ia e hopu. Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia nā mea a pau i kona mau hoa hana, akā,ʻo ia iā ia iho i loihi, ua ninau aku. I na malama eono, i ka hopena o ka mea kahiko Makhnovets kaulia ma ke kaulike. Soviet Cheka, i loko o kona mana ka mea, ua i kona hihia, puakai hooholo. Eia hoi ma na nā loko manaoia ka mea pono, e lawe i ka Zadoff ma 'ino ai ka hana. He ua i ka waiwai a me nā hana i ka manao a me ka counterintelligence. Keia Track hoike Ua mau, ua kuaiia, e ka NKVD. Eia hou kekahi, 'āhewa' ana o ke komo i loko o ka insurgency hoi au i insolvent. Zinkovskiy, e like nā tausani o nā kākoʻo o Makhno, Ua kala aku i ka 1922, e like me ka olelo hooholo o ka Soviet aupuni.

Sotrunichestvo me ka NKVD

Aia ka he mana i Lev Zadov ua hiki ke negotiate me ka maluhia luna o kona lokomaikai, no ka mea, i olelo mai ai e pili ana i nā kānaka i kahi o ka waihona waiwai, he kanu kipi i loko o Ukraine i ke Kanawai ke Kaua. Ma kēia nui ike ia Makhno ia ia iho, i loko o ke pio, ho'āʻo e hoouna aku ia oe iho i ka kupaʻa kanaka i loko o ka USSR, a me ke kiʻi hoʻi waiwai waiwai.

O na mea a mau aoao Zadovsky i hoʻolimalima i ka pono a hiki i ka lua o ka manawa,ʻo ia skillfully i ka lanakila o ka manawa, e hoapono ia ia iho i loko o ka maka o Soviet mana. Place o ka hana lilo Odessa. Ua nui awa, e waiho ana i kahi loihi, mai ka palena, ua i ka waena o ka attraction no he nui kekahi mau adventurers a me ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli. Cooperating me ka mana, Zadov e hoʻokele i ka wehe a me ka hoʻopau i kekahi 'ino ai karaima pūʻulu.

pana

No ka mea pehea pono a me ka pono Agena, aole hoi i Zadov, o kona kaumaha hopena kali. He haule i loko o ka palaoa o ko Stalin ka repressions 30s. A laila, hopuia, a pana aku la ia ma luna o kekahi mau trifles a wahi kāʻeʻaʻeʻa Ka Honua Nei e pili ana i ka alihi kaua. A kanaka i ka manawa e hoʻololi i ka Red Army a me Makhno kipi i pakele i Romania, ma kēia kāʻei kua i wale hoʻopaʻi.

Zadoff Ua hopuia ma August 1937. He Ua hoopiiia o espionage i loko o ka lokomaikai o Romania. Ua mea nui i ka NKVD ua i hoike no kona hewa. A laila, i loko o ka papa hele Ka Uluwehi O Ke ano o ka interrogation, a me ke alahouana. Ke kaʻina hana i ka pau makahiki. Eia hoi, ma lalo o kēia manaʻo koikoi Zinkovskiy hai i hana no ka haole akamai lawelawe. September 25, oia, e like he nui'ē aʻe i hana i ka 1938, i mai la a hui hou i ke ola i loko o ka halepaahao o ke NKVD me kekahi manawa o ka maikai e hookolokolo paha e hoaponoia. No ka lōʻihi manawa, i kona hihia koe kōna. A hiki ma hope o ka Khrushchev thaw o ka ole Zinkovsogo i hoʻomanaʻo. I ike posthumously rehabilitated i loko o ka Soviet Union i ai i ka ka kūkuluʻana. Zadov Ua hoaponoia wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1990.

posthumous kiʻi

Zinkovskiy lilo kekahi o nā huapalapala ma ka trilogy Alekseya Tolstogo, "The Road to o Kalevari". Ma ke ano o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me ka hope o ka Soviet ka hoʻololiʻana o ka puke, ka mea, ua i kaʻino Ilamuku a me ka hooponopono ana o ka loa puni koko kauoha Nestora Mahno. He nui Mea Nānā, e hoomanao ia ia wale nō ma nā loina lilo ka hopuna'ōlelo "I Like -. Leva Zadov, Kāpena Barber me au mea,ʻaʻole e pono"

O ka holo ana, Tolstoy ka puke ua i ka mea wale hoao e maopopo i ka Kawaihae ana o ke kukui a me ka henua anarchist. Zinkovskaya Pomaikai e noho i loko o ke kino o ka'āina. He aa ai mamua aku a hoʻololi e like me ka nui loa o kona wā, a nona hoʻi e honi i ka pauka i ke Kanawai ke Kaua o kona lokomaikai.

ohana

Kaikaina hoʻokahuli aupuni Daniel ua pili i ka la, mawaena o ke Kanawai War. Together ka mea, holo aku la a hiki i Romania, a me ka mea mau i hoi mai ai i ka Soviet Union. Daniel Ua pana i loko o ka ia i ka 1938, naʻe ka mea, ua i hana ai no ka NKVD ma Tiraspol.

Ka mea, ua ma Zadoff a me ke keiki - Vadim Lvovich Zinkovsky. I loko nō o ka nui manawa'ōpio wale nō,ʻo ia mea ma ka hopena o ka Great Patriotic Kaua like me ka hana manawaleʻa hele ana i ke alo. Ma hope, ua lilo i colonel o ka poe koa. Vadim Lvovich kakau iho i Kawaihae o kona makua kāne, i ka i ana i ho'āʻo e hoapono ia ia i ka punawai-ike anarchist i loko o nā maka o nā wā.