Lithography - he ano o ke pai ana i ...

Lithography mea he pai ano ma i ka puka kumu ma luna o ka pepa i hoomakaukauia ma laila 'o ia ka inika, ahu iho ma lalo o puʻe mai o ka pai papa ma luna o ka pepa lawe. Kēia mīkini papa hana pili i ke akamai kahiko, ka mea i invented i loko o ka XIX kenekulia ma Munich. I ka mea, lithography - heʻano hana ma muli o ka antagonism o ka momona-i loaʻa ka waiwai a me ka wai. Ke kumu no ka pai palapala mai ka 'hoʻokō' pohaku me Kaulu, oia hoi o ka homogeneous limestone. Mua unuhi ua hana, ka kūpono lithographic iaoia, na keia mau kapuai e hanaʻia nō ia.

- ma ka anaiia ili o ka pohaku lithographic kumu ua noi ka inika a me ka peni kūikawā, ec i ka momona;

- hoi i ka unuhi etched kūikawā hui o nitricʻakika me ka dextrin;

- ma hope o ka 'ilikai ua kahikoia a nani na pohaku i hiki ke lawe ona mau ana akit ana me ka inika a me ke kiʻekiʻe lehulehu o ka mea momona;

- i ka hopena unuhi aku la ia i na mea holoi tincture i loaʻa kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like o nā'uheheʻe.

ia e pōmaikaʻi ai lithography

Pela, ma ka mea ana i ke kiʻi,ʻikeʻia ka wā āna i komo i ke pai hana hoʻohana physico-Nine Inch waiwai o ka mea. Lithography Ua pinepine pioloke me ka engraving, akā, e ke loa kāu kiʻina hana okoa o ka unuhi. Engraving mea he paʻi me ka pela hoʻomākaukau 'ano apau loa. Kua kumu ma luna o ka wahie, - i ka mea o ka engraving, lithography 'aʻole i koi i kekahi ka mua ke kākoʻo' ana. E like me ka hopena o ka Nine Inch naoh ma ka puka kumu ma luna o ka pepa i Konakele. Ka loaa kiʻi hiki ke replicated na manawa he nui. Ua hanaʻia ma ka lithography kumu ke ia me kekahi kanaka hookahi, kū hoʻokahi i loko o kona ano iho. Eia hou kekahi, lithography he C. Brewer pono. Masters, pinepine ae la oia hoʻohana lithographyʻano hana i loko o kona hana, e hoailona oukou i ka lithography - ia mea no hoi he kŘpa a nike iaoia o ke pai ana. Līkaia no kēia kona pomaikai:

- i ka unuhi i ka manufacturing kaʻina hiki ke alalai ole hoʻololi, hoʻololi i ke kuka kumu, hui hou 'ikamu;

- pōhaku punahelu hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ae la oia, ma hope wili i kekahi mea hou;

- e like engraving papa hana e leie aku e paka ana i nā pōpō kiʻi, no kela a me keia ano kumu ua noi ia e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā pōhaku;

-ʻano hana kekahi i pili ana me ka nanea o ka hana ana.

pai kiʻi

No laila, i ke kiʻi i maopopo, a me ka kūlike loa,ʻaʻole blurred maka, pono e loaa lithographic pōhaku ma luna o kekahi kupaianaha mīkini. Initially i unuhi i ka holoi, ma hope i ka hookumu ana ua noi mālama '-huakaʻi o kūikawā HW, a ua i mai o varnish. Porous pepa no ka pai ana paa i hiki i ka nui uhi me ka pōhaku ka inika, alaila, e kakaʻa ana ma luna ma ka mīkini wili. Ke hualoaʻa mea he kiʻi kumu lole komoʻuʻuku nona monochromatic HW.

He aha ka oleography

Hana o ke ano pai ana ma ka puka ma luna o ka pohaku i kapaia o oleograph. Ke enehana mea,ʻaʻole nui okoa mai kaʻike mau lithography, Ua like ka mea hookahi kau o ka hana e like me ka palahalaha pai ana. Nā wahi ma luna o ka pepa o kela a me keia ano e hua mai ma ke kaʻina mai ka malamalama i ka pouli nanahe. No kela a me keia ano i kaawale hoomakaukau lithographic pohaku. Pai o kela a me keia ano ua noi alternately i kekahi pepa. I ka puka pōʻeleʻele loa no ka pili ana a me ka patterning ma luna o ka pepa me ka artist,ʻo ia ke hana i loko o ka aaioee o nā pōhaku journeyman.

ʻano likeʻole lithography

I keia la o ka honua lithography - ia mea, aole i ke ano o ka ho okumu i kekahi kūikawā lolouila i puhi ai a me nā kiʻi me ka nanometer hoʻonā. Aia ka'ōnohi, huina'ine a me ka X-Ray lithography. X-Ray lithography mea he laekahiʻano hana i loko o a me ka laau o ka X-kukuna a kaahele lakou ma ka kūikawā preform i hōʻike mai ke olonā i lāliʻi kumu ma ke kupaianaha kūpapakū. Ua hoʻohana 'ia ke'ōnohi lithography ka wā e lilo e pono e hoolilo i ke kumu, mai ka hana lolouila kaapuni kumu ma luna o ka kūpapakū o ka mea uholo uila.

Huina'ine lithography - heʻano hana i loko o i ke kālele huina'ine laau allocates ka pono lāliʻi o ka noaia a kokoke ia ma ka hana photosensitive lālā.

He aha ka autography

Autograph mea he laekahi ka paʻi palapalaʻano hana i loko i ka artist hana i ke kiʻi ma luna o ka pōhaku lithographic, a ma kūikawā hoolilo pepa. Ma keia pepa unuhi ua akomi hoololiia a hiki i ka pohaku. Artists mahalo i loiloi ', keia hana o ka lithography. O ka papa kuhikuhi pono o ka manawa kūpono o ka autograph sketches mai ano. E kauoha ana i ke kiʻi ma ka hoolilo pepa, i ka artist mea hiki ke hana i maopopo kiʻi me ole aniani kanawai.

Lithography i loko o ka mea o kēia au nei

Ma ka hope kenekulia i i ka hoʻohana 'ana lithography kumu, paiʻeleʻele-a-keʻokeʻo wahi i kuai, hua palapala. 'Ana i kūpono o ka lithography pai ki i ka buke a me ka mea i ao ai i hoiliili ole.

Me kekahi mau 'ano o replicated mau mea e kukaʻi, lithography ua hoʻomano hoʻohana i keia manawa. Kēia mīkini hana ua wehewehe aku ma ka oluolu o ka i Contemporary Artists e hana i kekahiʻeleʻele-a-keʻokeʻo kiʻi. Kiʻi pono e kahaki ii ka methodological moʻokalaleo, kūikawā kōkua iā ia,, palapala a me Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke. Eia naʻe, e hana i kekahi lithograph mea manawa ole e pono pepa no ka pai ana. Ma ke kahua o ka nanotechnology e hoʻomano hana ke kālā noʻano likeʻole kiʻi, a me ka uila'ōnohi lithography. Wānana lithography hoʻohana kukuna pāhawewe ua hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka hooulu ana i ka hope'ōnohi 'ike loea hou no ka hoʻoikaika' ana i metrology lako a me ka mea hou manaʻo o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo.