Māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou hana: 'ole, nā hiʻona a me nā wehewehena

Brain - haku mea hoʻokonukonu o ka mana o kekahi meaola ola, kekahi hehee ai o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. A hiki i kēia manawa, 'inikua epekema këia hiʻona o ka lolo a me ka wehe a pau-hou mea hiki ole nā papaha ia. Kēia mea he nui loa luna 'hui, e loulou iho ai mākou kino me ka mawaho kaiapuni. māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana a pau hoomalu ola keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mawaho receptors hopu i na lepa, a hoʻomaopopo e pili ana e hoʻopā ai stimuli (malamalama, kani, tactile a me na mea he nui'ē aʻe) i kekahi hapa o ka lolo. Ke pane mai nei. 'Aʻole mākou poo "unu lawelawe", e maopopo Pehea hou.

General hōʻike o ka lolo

māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana i hoʻopau ai i ke alakai hoi i ko kakou ola keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ke kanaka lolo ninoieo o 25 ieeeea? Neurons. He mea hiki ole helu o aeee ho okumu i ke oho mea. Brain huna kekahi mau leho:

• pahee;
• kupaa lakou;
• arachnoid ( 'aneʻi ka mea circulates waiona).

Waiona - he cerebrospinal loli i loko o ka lolo Radio kekahi kūlana o ka kŰia absorber pale ku e aku i kekahi 'olohani max.

Na kane a me na wahine ulu lolo like ke ala hookahi, eia nae kona kaumaha mea okoa. Loa nei noho hoopaapaa ana i ke kaumaha o ka lolo he kūlana ma Radio noʻonoʻo kūpono 'ana a me ka' imi naʻauao nā mea hiki. Ka hopena Ua puni hoʻi - ia mea ole. lolo kaumaha mea ma kahi o 2% o ka huina o ke kaupaonaʻana o ke kanaka. I na kanaka, i ke kaumaha o ka mea i loko o ka awelika o ka 1 370 g., A me na wahine - 1240, i ka mana o ke kanaka lolo wahi ulu hae nona ka 'eleu hilinaʻi ma luna o lākou. Ka noʻonoʻo 'faculties hilinaʻi ma luna o ka mea hana ma ka lolo pili' o Randy. Kēlā me kēia aeea o ka lolo - neurons, i paha ke a? Aaeaao lāʻau ikiʻai wale.

Nā cavities loko o ka lolo i kapaia ventricles. ʻokoʻa nā oihana hele cranial nā aʻalolo hui.

I ka mana o ka lolo (Table)

Kēlā me kēia 'Oihana ma ka lolo loaʻa i ka hana i hana ai. I ka papaʻaina ma lalo hōʻike i kēia. Ka lolo mea e like me ka lolouila, maopopo iho la i hanaʻia kona mau hana, loaa ia lakou kahi kauoha mai ke waho ao nei.

I ka mana o ka lolo, i ka papaʻaina hōʻike i ke kiʻikuhi a akāka loa.

Aia ma lalo ke noonoo i ka māhele o ka lolo ma ka hou au mamuli.

'ole

Ma ke kiʻiʻelua pehea ka lolo. Ka loa nui loa ua noho ma ka cerebral hemispheres, hoʻowahāwahā keia, na wahi a pau o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana paani nui i kūlana ma ke kino. Aia i ka papa kuhikuhiE elima oihana:

• pau (o ka huina kaumaha, he 80%);
• hope (ke alahaka, a me ka cerebellum);
• waena;
• oblong;
• ʻawelike.

I ka Ia manawa ka lolo ua maheleia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE māhele: ka lolo kumu, cerebellum, ka cerebral hemispheres elua.

endbrain

He mea hiki ole ia pokole hōʻike i ka 'ole o ka lolo. E maopopo i nā māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana, he mea pono e noiʻi i kā lākou 'ole mai iā ia.

Telencephalon kŰlń ao mai ka frontal a hiki i ka occipital iwi. ka hema a me ka pololei: ka cerebral hemispheres mau Here mākou noonoo. Ma ka kekahi, keia oihana i ka helu nui o ka sulci a me ka gyri. Hoʻomohala a me ka 'ole o ka lolo i pili loa i nākiʻiʻia pu. Hoʻomalu kahiāuli ekolu ke ano o na pńpa:

• kahiko (s olfactory tubercle, anterior perforated waiwai lunate podmozolistoy podmozolistoy gyrus a kīloi paʻewa);
• kahiko (a me ka dentate gyrus - fascia a me ka gippokambom);
• hou (ka mea, o ke koena o ka cortex).

Hemispheric maheleia lonikū Groove i loko o kona hohonu, ua hoonoho, a me kino callosum, i hoʻohui i ka hemisphere. Hekikai no kino callosum ua hoalaala ia me nā aʻalolo olona, a ua pili i ka neocortex. Ka 'ole o ka hemispheresʻano luna' a kohu i ka nunui-ʻilikai nenoaiu. Aia i kekahi frontal, kino, parietal a me ka occipital lobe, subcortex a me ka cortex. Cerebral hemispheres hana he nui loa o ka hana. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hemisphere hema i kauoha mai ai i ka akau loa o ke kino, a me ka hope versa pono - haʻalele.

pńpa

Kaʻilikai o ka lolo - ka wauke, ka mea, i ka mānoanoa o 3 mm o, uhi ka hemisphere. Ke 'ole ninoieo o vertical nā aʻalolo keena me keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ma ka cortex i komo efferent a afferent nā aʻalolo olona, a me ka neuroglia. māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana i noʻonoʻo i loko o ka papaʻaina, a me ia mea i ka pńpa? An ester 'ole me ka papamoe layering. Ke 'ole iʻeono papa.

• mawaho pyramidal;
• mawaho granular;
• maloko particulate;
• hakakino;
• maloko pyramidal;
• me ka fusiform keena.

Kēlā me kēia mea, he okoa laula, nuʻa, shape neurons. Vertical laulau o nā aʻalolo olona, pili i ka wauke o ka vertical striations. Ka wahi o ka cortex ke kaha 2200ʻahā like kenimika, i ka helu ana o neuronsʻaneʻi he umi ieeeea? Ihoiho.

māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou hana: wauke

Wauke hooponopono iho i kekahi mau hana i ho'ākāka 'oihana o ke kino. Kēlā me kēia lobe mea kuleana no kona mau mea kiko'î. E noonoo oe i ka oihana i hīkiʻiʻia ma ka hotele More lāliʻi:

• kino lobe - hoʻi iā i ke ano o ke ala a me ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo;
• parietal - He kuleana no ka ho'āʻoʻana, a mai hoopa aku;
• occipital - hihiʻo;
• frontal - eiiieaena noʻonoʻoloi, ka hele a me ka'ōleloʻana.

Kēlā me kēia neuron mea ma ka hui 'ana me nā neurons, he mau umi tausani hui' ana (oho mea). Nā aʻalolo olona, - he keʻokeʻo waiwai. A kekahi hapa o ka lolo hiehie. White mea nā ekolu ke ano o na olona,:

• associational loulou i loko o kekahi hemisphereʻokoʻa cortical mau mea;
• commissural hemisphere hui pū;
• Wānana kamaʻilio me ka lalo me ka ho okumu i analyzers ala.

E noonoo pono i ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka lolo, e mea pono e kuapo i ke kūlana o ke poʻo, a keʻokeʻo mea. Hemispheric i loko o ka basal ganglia (oho mea), ka papa kuhikuhiE kuleana pili i kā lākou mau mea i ke hoʻouna i ike. Ma waena o ka cerebral pńpa a me ka basal nuclei ke aupuni 'keokeo paa. Aia nōʻehā wahi likeʻole:

• ma waena o nā Groove i loko o nā convolutions;
• i loko o ka pā mau o na hemispheres;
• hookomoia ma ka maloko mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku;
• aia i loko o ke kino callosum.

Ke aupuni 'o ke keʻokeʻo waiwai i hanaʻia e nā aʻalolo olona, a me ka hoʻohuiʻia nā convolutions o ka wauke mai ka lalo papa. Subcortical nuclei kuahene subcortical lolo.

Telencephalon - e kuhikuhi a pau i ka nui mana o ke kino, e like me ka pono i 'imi naʻauao nā mea hiki.

diencephalon

māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana (papaʻaina, hooku iho la ia ma luna) nā diencephalon. Inā mākou e nana aku i ka nui au mamuli, ia mea pono i ka olelo i ka mea, he o ventral a me ka dorsal wahi. Ma ka ventral hypothalamus e pili ana i ka dorsal - thalamus, metathalamus a me ka epithalamus.

Thalamus o ka uwao, a kuhikuhi i nā stimuli loaa ma ka hemisphere. ka mea, ua pinepine haawi ia ia e like me "pilikia makapō Iegasaduha." Ua kōkua i ke kino, e ke hakuloli koke aku i ka loli ma ka mawaho kaiapuni. Thalamus ua pili i ka cerebellum Via ka limbic nenoaiu.

Ke hypothalamus e kuhikuhi i ka autonomic hana. Keiki mea ma ka'emi'ōnaehana, a, o ka papa, i ka endocrine glands. Regulates i ka hana o ka endocrine glands, hoʻi iā pūnao. Ke pituitary gland ua noho 'ana ma lalo ia. Ua regulates kino ka mahana, mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko a me ka digestive nenoai. Nō hoʻi, ke hypothalamus e kuhikuhi ai mākou i kaʻai a me ka inu hana, hooponopono wakefulness a me ka hiamoe.

hope

Ke hindbrain nā vorgelagerten alahaka a me ka cerebellum, i mea ma ke kua. Ma o ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka lolo, he kokoke nana ma ka' ole o ke alahaka: ua uhiʻia i ka dorsal ili o ka cerebellum, ventral hōʻike fibrous 'ole. Na olona, i kuhikuhi ia ma keia oihana kea. Ma kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao o ke alahaka hele aku la lakou a hiki i ka waena cerebellar wāwae. Ma ka 'ilikai ke alahaka kohu heʻia naʻe keʻokeʻo lole wili aia ma luna o ka medulla oblongata. Nā kumu o nā aʻalolo i loko o ka bulbar-mai alanui hewa elua.

Ka 'ole o ka hope paepae komo huila: ma luna o ka mea mua pauku hiki ke ike i hookaawale (nui ventral) a me ka posterior (dorsal uuku) hapa ka mua lālā. Ma waena o ia mau mea, i ka mokuna o ka trapezoid kino, ao olona, nona ka transverse noʻonoʻo i auditory ala. Conduction kuleana pili i hilinaʻi nui loa ma ke kua o ka lolo.

Ke cerebellum (iki lolo)

Table "o ka lolo, ke 'ole, hana" Hōʻike i ka cerebellum mea kuleana no ka ōhumu a me ka kino ana. Kēia 'Oihana Ua aia ma ke kua o ke alahaka. pinepine Cerebellum haawiia i like "liʻiliʻi lolo". Ua ninoaaeyao ka posterior cranial fossa, daimana-hoʻokino poi. cerebellum kaupaona mai 130 a hiki i 160, i ka luna o ka cerebral hemispheres, a i hookaawale ia e ka transverse kau. I ka haʻahaʻa o ka cerebellum mea e pili ana i ka medulla oblongata.

Aia i mau okoa hemispheres, i ka lalo, ka luna ili, a me ka ilo. ua kapaia ka papamoe nahā i kūhohonu i ka palena ma waena o lākou. A iiiaanoaa o oä hakaʻilikai cerebellum lahilahi gyrus (rollers) hoolilo therebetween. Ma waena o nā Groove i wobble pūʻulu hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i loko o slices, ka mea, ho i ka like ana o ka cerebellum (hoʻi, Klotchkov-nodular, i mua).

Cerebellum he nā poʻo a me ka keʻokeʻo mea. Oho ia ma ka periphery,ʻano he pńpa me hakakino neurons a me na ohia-hoʻokino, a me granular, ahu iho. Ma lalo o ka pńpa he mea he keʻokeʻo ka waiwai i komo iloko o na gyrus. Ma ka keʻokeʻo mea, aia no na blotches o poʻo (kona kāna mau 'ōlelo). Ma ka pōʻaiapili o ia ka pili mea like me ka laau. O ka poe i ike i ka 'ole o ke kanaka lolo, kuleana pili i kona oihana, oluolu ia, i ka cerebellum - ōhumu ka pāʻana mākou kino ka neʻe' ana.

midbrain

Ke midbrain Ua aia i loko o ka anterior hapa o ke alahaka, a hele aku i ka papillary kino, e like me ka optic'āpana. Aia i na hiohiona hoʻomāhuahua o nuclei, i ka poe i kaheaia colliculus. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka lolo (papa) hōʻike' ana i kēia 'Oihana mea kuleana no wahi hūnā hihiʻo, orienting reflex, oia ke kohoʻia reflexes i ka pilikia makapō a me ka auditory stimuli, a me kākoʻo i ka leo o na nāʻiʻo o ke kanaka kino.

Medulla: he anei i hapa

Medulla - he maoli palena manawa no ka spinal kaula. Ia mea ke kumu o ka 'ole mai o ka hailonaʻana i loko, he pono ole. No ka mea, i ike ina ka keʻokeʻo mea i au mamuli mākou noonoo. Ho i kona pōkole a me ka lōʻihi nā aʻalolo olona. Ma ka palapala hōʻike 'aneʻi nuclei oho mea. māhele o ka lolo a me kā lākou mau hana (papa hōʻike ma luna) Hōʻike i ka medulla oblongata hooponopono iho i ko makou koena, ōhumu, regulates pūnao,ʻo hanu a me ka holo. Ua mea i kuleana no na mea nui reflexes o ko mākou kino, e like kiheʻana, a me ka puʻu, ka luaʻi.

Ka lolo anei i ua maheleia i loko o ke kāʻei kua, a me ka midbrain. Ke kino ua kapaia ka meakino, lōʻihi, alahaka, a me ka midbrain. Ka 'ole o ka mea - io na la, a pii aku mau kuamoo i ai pili aku i ka barela me ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo. Ma keia kuleana i ua hoʻonānā no ka naau ana, hanu, kiko'ī a olelo.