Oho a me keʻokeʻo mea o ka lolo

Ke kanaka lolo Ua i mai no keʻokeʻo, a poohina mea. Ka mua - ka a pau i ua hoopihaia ma waena o ke oho mea i loko o ka cortex a me ka basal nuclei. Ma kaʻilikai i kaʻaʻahu oho mea nā aʻalolo keena nona ka mānoanoa o ka hapalua no eha millimeters.

A nānā aku i ka au mamuli, mea i ka oho, a keʻokeʻo mea i loko o ka lolo.

Mai mea kēia mau waiwai

CNS waiwai mea a mau ano: keʻokeʻo a me ka poʻo.

White waiwai haku o ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā aʻalolo olona, a me ke kelepona hele nā aʻalolo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a wahī i ke keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu.

Ke oho mea ninoieo o nā aʻalolo keena me keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Nā aʻalolo olona, hoʻohui wahi likeʻole o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me nā aʻalolo-oaio? A.

Oho a me keʻokeʻo mea o ka spinal ke kaula

Inhomogeneous mea o ke kino, ua poʻo, a keʻokeʻo. Ka mea mua i nā kiʻi o ka nui helu o neurons, i nā kia ma ka nucleus a me ka mea o ka ekolu ano.

• radicular keena;
• Mea ulana lole neurons;
• na keena.

White mea poai puni i ka spinal kaula oho mea. Ua ninoieo o nā aʻalolo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, composes ekolu puluniu nenoai:

• intercalary a me ka afferent neurons e hoʻohui i nā wahi likeʻole o ka spinal ke kaula;
• sensory afferent mea he lōʻihi centripetal;
• Hawaii afferent a lōʻihi centrifugal.

medulla oblongata

ua ike o ka'anatomia papa, i ka spinal kaula lilo elongated. Part o ka lolo ma ka luna o ka pūhaka o ka lalo. Ka awelika lōʻihi o ia mea 25 millimeters, a ua hoʻokino e like me ka truncatedʻohana.

Ua hoʻomōhala i ka umekaumaha a me ka auditory nā loko e pili ana me ka hanu a me ke koko holo. Nolaila, oho mea kāna mau 'ōlelo i kekahi lāʻau' koena, pūnao, holo, ka hanu, ka hele ōhumu.

hindbrain

Ua lolo Ua i mai o ke alahaka, a me ka cerebellum. E noonoo oe i ka oho, a keʻokeʻo mea i loko o ia mau mea. Bridge mea he nui keʻokeʻo lole wili, mai kaʻaoʻao hope o ka waihona ipu. Ma ka kekahi lima ka mea, i olelo ia kona mokuna me nā wāwae o ka lolo, a me ma ka 'ē aʻe - me ka lōʻihi. Inā mākou e kekahi keʻa-pauku, i ke keʻokeʻo mea a me ka oho nucleiʻaneʻi e ike e loa ma laila. Transverse olona, e puʻunaue i ka uwapo i ka ventral a me ka dorsal mau mea. Ma ka ventral keʻokeʻo meaʻano nui mau alahele i hiki mai a me ka poʻoʻaneʻi 'ano apau loa kona Kora naʻEsau.

Ke dorsal kuleana o nuclei: ka ka hoʻololiʻana, reticular ho okumu, sensory nenoai a me cranial nā aʻalolo.

Ke cerebellum ua aia ma lalo o ka occipital lobes. Ua nā ka hemisphere, a me ka waena hapa i kapaia o "ilo". Ke oho mea o ka cortex a me ka cerebellar nuclei i mea shatro-, nodular, a me ka probkovidnym kapa. White mea o ka lolo ma keia aoao ua aia ma lalo o ka wauke o ka cerebellum. Ua komo iloko a pau gyrus like keʻokeʻo platelets, a he o kekahi olona, i kekahi nakinaki slices a me meanders a hoouna aku la i na Kora naʻEsau a hoʻohui lolo pauku.

midbrain

Ua hoomaka mai ka waena cerebral Oe. Ma ka kekahi lima ka mea, hoʻopili like ai i ka ili o ka brainstem ma waena o pineal gland a me ka lolo luna holo ana, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - ma waena o ka mammillary kino kuleana, a me ka mua hapa o ke alahaka.

Ua nā ka cerebral auwai, ma ka kekahi lima i ka mokuna ua hoakaka ia ma ka hale, a ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe - i ka luhi o kaula wāwae. Ma ka ventral hapa maopopo hope perforated waiwai a me ka nui lolo kumu, oiai ka dorsal - hale papa, a me ka poʻe lawelawe i luna, a malalo cusps.

Inā ka cerebral auwai i loko o ke keʻokeʻo, a oho mea o ka lolo, ua noonoo, ke ike i keʻokeʻo poai puni i ka Central oho waiwai haku o ka nani keena, a loaa i ka mānoanoa o ka 2 me 5 millimeters. Ua ninoieo o ka aeie, a me ka trigeminal cranial nā aʻalolo, pu me ka hou Kernel, a me ka hope waena.

diencephalon

Ua ua ma waena o ke kino callosum, a me ka pio mai a laterally fused me ka ke aupuni ' hope loa lolo. Ke dorsal mahele ninoieo o thalamus, ma luna o ka i mea nadbugore, a ua aia i loko o ka ventral māhele nizhnebugornaya.

Oho mea ua i mai o na nuclei, a i pili me ka pā lonoaʻili-oaio? A.
White mea mau alahele e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kekahiʻaoʻao, kaulike i ka pili 'o Randy me ka ho okumu ana o ka lolo cortex a me ka nucleus. Ke diencephalon i ka loaʻa o ka pituitary a me pineal gland.

endbrain

Poe e mau hemispheres, a hoʻokaʻawale i ka kau e holo mai ana ma ia mau mea. Ua hoʻohuiʻia i ka hohonu o ke kino a me ka callosum spike in.

Ka lua aka kīloi paʻewa ventricles, Aia i loko o kekahi, a me ka lua o ka hemisphere. Mau hemispheres i haku o ka:

• kapa o ka neocortex a eono-pńpa pu ole, nā aʻalolo keena;
• striatum o ka basal ganglia - i ka mea kahiko, kahiko, a me ka mea hou;
• i pohā.

Akā, i kekahi manawa, he mea kekahi Mea Maluna:

• olfactory lolo;
• subcortex;
• ka oho mea o ka cortex.

Ole, no ka mea oho mea, hooki koke i keʻokeʻo.

About nā hiʻona o ke keʻokeʻo mea o na hemispheres

Ke keʻokeʻo mea o ka lolo ninoaaeyao ka holoʻokoʻa makahiki ma waena o ke poʻo a me ka basal nuclei. Aia mea he nui helu o nā aʻalolo olona. ʻO kēia mau mea i loaʻa i loko o ka keʻokeʻo mea:

• waiwai Central na mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, kino callosum a me ka olona, loa;
• radiant lei o divergent olona,;
• semioval ioauoa i loko o ka pā wahi;
• waiwai i loko o nā Groove ma waena o nā convolutions.

Nā aʻalolo olona, i:

• commissural;
• associative;
• Wānana.

Ke keʻokeʻo waiwai kikowaena nā aʻalolo olona, a i pili kekahi, a me ka 'ē aʻe convolutions o ka cerebral cortex a me ka' ē aʻei kūpono.

nā aʻalolo olona,

Holo nōhie commissural olona, i kekahi hapa o ke kino callosum. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o ka lolo commissures i hoʻohui wauke i loko o kekahi hemispheres a me symmetrical wahi.

Puluniu associative Pauku Hoʻohui 'ia ma ka hookahi hemisphere. Ma keia pōkole hoʻohui e pili gyri, a me ka lōʻihi - mea ma ka mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi.

Olona, wānana pili me ka pńpa me ka ho okumu i i ke aupuni 'lalo loa, a hou i ka periphery.

Inā ka mea maloko mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku nānaina frontal pauku e e hiki lenticular nucleus, a me ka dia wawae. Wānana olona, i māheleʻia i loko o:

• olona, e holo ana mai ka thalamus a hiki i ka cortex, a ma ka mea e ku pono kuhikuhi, e ka naita a me ka wauke i centrifugal;
• olona, i kauoha ia e nā aʻalolo Hawaii nuclei;
• olona, hoomaopopo ana lāʻau ikiʻai wale i na nāʻiʻo o ke kino a pau;
• puluniu kauoha mai ka cortex a hiki i ke alahaka nuclei, hooponopono ana a me ka hoolako ke peleki pāʻana hana e hana cerebellum.

O ka poe i lalo olona, i ka mea hea ka mea me ka wauke, e pili ana radiant lei. A laila, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hapa o ia komo i loko o ka pā mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, ai keʻokeʻo paa mea ma waena o caudate a me ka lenticular nuclei a me thalamus.

Ma kaʻilikai he mea he loa luna 'kumu kahi' ē aʻe hewa elua a me nā kualono therebetween. Ka mea, i kapaʻia gyri. Deep auwaha e puʻunaue i ka hemisphere i nā'āpana, i ka poe i kaheaia lobes. Nui sulcus o ka lolo e kaumaha kanaka, ka mea hiki e loa okoa no kekahi kanaka.

Nā hemispheres i elima lobes:

• frontal;
• parietal;
• kino;
• occipital;
• islet.

Hewa elua Central originates ma ka luna o ka hemisphere a me ka höʻike ia a ma laila aku a hiki i ka frontal lobe. Hope hapa o ke kikowaena sulcus o ka parietal lobes, i welau a parietooccipital hewa elua.

Frontal lobe ua maheleia i eha meanders, vertical a me ka papamoe.
Ke kīloi paʻewa ili o ke kino lobe ua poe e ekolu convolutions i i delimited mai kekahi i kekahi.

Sulcus o ka occipital lobe i ee iaaanu aey. Akā, kela kanaka keia kanaka 'ana i ka laau kea maluna ona, a ua pili i ka hopena interparietal hewa elua.

Ua Aia ma parietal lobe Groove e holo mai ana ia laua i ka Central ana papamoe, a me ka merging me ka mea'ē aʻe Groove. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou wahi, keia kaʻana like 'ana ua maheleia i ekolu convolutions.

Island mai he triangular shape. Ua ua uhiia meʻano pōkole convolutions.

lolo lesion

Mahalo i ka mea e piʻi like ana o kēia 'epekema i hiki ke lawe mai kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana PalekanaEND_LINK lolo. Penei, ina he mea kekahi pathological lesion i loko o keʻokeʻo mea, ka mea hiki ke 'akomi i ma kekahi kakahiaka nui ke kahua, a ke hāʻawi aku lapaʻau i loko o ka' eleu kūpono.

Mawaena o na maʻi e i kena ae la ia e lesions o ka waiwai, hoÿokuÿu ia ma ka 'aʻe polushaniyah, capsules pathology, kino callosum a me syndromes hui külana. No ka laʻana, i ka wa a ka mea hope wāwae nā palapū kekahi hapalua o na kanaka kino hiki lolo. Kēia pilikia kānāwai me kaʻole pā lonoaʻili me nā kahua mā. Malfunction o ke kino callosum alakai i ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana. Ma keia hihia, ke kanaka pohaku, e ike i ka puni mea, hanana, etc., a 'aʻole i e purposeful hana. Inā ka pulakaumaka mea mau-kapakahi, hiki ke mālama moni 'ia kāna hana a me ka olelo.

He mea hiki ole ia overestimate i ka nui o nā poʻo, a keʻokeʻo mea i loko o ka lolo. No laila, i ka koke huai ae i ke alo o ka maʻi, i ka maikaʻi o ka hiki wale mai i iapaau ana e e holomua.