Panina nō no ka mea, no laila, i kapaʻia, i ka waiwai o kēlā me kēia huahana i komo i loko o kona kumu, ho'āʻo ma ka manawa. Shakespeare, ka Vinci pena, mele, Schnittke, Rodin - papa hiki e lōʻihi, no ka mea, o ka papa inoa o ka piʻi like o ke kanaka, hana i kona ola ana a me ka ulu, mea maoli lōʻihi, a paʻa kūhohonu loa. A me ka poeikohoia o ka Russian moʻomeheu hiki e haʻaheo o ko lākou, e like nui, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, o kekahi o ka mua wahi o ka hanohano i waena o nā kākau ike i ka global a me ka Lūkini panina moʻokalaleo.
Ka mea nāna i hana o ka Lūkini puke
Ae, e like. O ka holo ana, a hiki i Turgenev ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo ua he wahi lihi iki o ka loea novelists. "Puke noiʻi kūʻikena o Lūkini ola" ma ka pauku, i kākauʻia e Pushkin, he manaʻoʻike kiʻi o ka pau ka hanauna a, hana e Lermontov ma o kona "Hero ...", a ua nui nā hana mana he haawi ai i ka naau a me ka naau o ka Lūkini kanaka, hoʻonaʻauao, ulu, wehewehe, kokua shape ka uhane oʻo kanaka Patriots o ko lākou aupuni. Akā, ka mea, ua Turgenev i kekahi Lūkini puke i ka nui ao o ka moʻokalaleo, hoʻolauna haole heluhelu a me ka originality o ko mākou moʻomeheu, ke ola, mōʻaukala. Brevity, halawai expressiveness o ka 'ōlelo, i ka hoʻopilikia o ka'āina lā, hōʻike mai i nā mea nui ka nohona a me ka mau nīnūnē ma ka hui, o ka ideological paio, ano o Lūkini aku o ka lanakila, a hohonu manaʻoʻike naʻauao a me kupaianaha ke akamai o ka artist oiaio - kēia mau mea i ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o Turgenev ka novelist, a me kona maikaʻi loa puke i haku ai. Mahalo i Ivan Sergeyevich na mahele a me nā manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni aʻo e pili ana i keia mea kupaianaha kŰia - ". Lūkini puke" "Lūkini me Moʻolelo", ʻO kā lākou mau keiki nui loa, a ua aloha mai i ka mea kākau, he "Man a Sons." Ke ano o na hana lewa ole wale polysyllabic ohana, ka nohona, a me ka na mau kanaka pili, akā, i ka wahi o ka Hawaii o Turgenev ma luna o kēia mau nīnūnē.
No ke aha la Man a me Sons
I ka mea kākau o ka kulana i loko o ka puke ua i hoakaka pololei. Akā, ia mea 'ano paakiki ole e ike ina e lawe i ka pili nana i ka huina hoonui haku mele' ana, kālailai huapalapala 'ōlelo, nenoaiu o nā kiʻi, e hōʻike i ke kūlana o ke kanaka hehee wale, e like me ka panorama, i loko o ka puke. Kēia, incidentally, o loa hana hoihoi, "Man a Sons." Meaning o ka hana i kau ia ma ka inoa, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE noʻeau 'ana i kūpono o ke kū'ē' ole antithesis, hiki ke Hahai I ma ka puke holoʻokoʻa.
No laila, no ke aha la makua a me ke kumu keiki? No ka mea, o ka ohana - mea he uuku māhele o ka a pau ke kaiāulu, a me ka loko ia, e like me ia ma ke aniani, lewa i ka luna ', i kekahi manawa hana keaka kāna hana e lawelawe i e lulu a feverish lehulehu ike paka i. Ma ka manawa o ka hapai ana a me ka hanau ana o ka palapala o ke ola puke, e like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Belinsky, "hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o ka hohonu a me ka laula" i loko o ka nui likeʻole ma o kona oihana mua. Kēiaʻano o nā 'ano apau loa, a ae mai e ike, a maopopo i ka "Man a Sons." Meaning o ka hana a ua hoikeia mai ma ke kaua ma waena o nā hanauna, i loko o ko lakou mau manao ma luna kālai'āina, ka hoʻomana, 'epekema, no, kaiapili honua pono a me ka honua kauoha. No emi vivid a me ka papa oukou paio ana, ano hoomainoino aku i ke kāʻei kua o ka uaua confrontation o ka lawelawe koa a me ka hana nui loa ia. Ke hooikaika ka mea heluhelu, e hele ana mai ka Mokuna i ka mokuna, oi maopopo maopopo i ka metaphorical inoa o "Man a Sons." Meaning o ka hana mea ole wale, e hōʻike i ka ka hoʻomauʻana o nā hanauna a me disengagement (mau kanaka kēia lākiō), akā, no hoi, e hoike aku i ka confrontation o ka hoʻokumu manao a me ka manaʻo a me ka mea hou, e hele mai ana e puku i ka mea kahiko.
manaʻo ohana
E ka kālailai i ka mua "manao i ka ohana" i loko o ka puke. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka theme like o kaʻohana mea ano o Turgenev. A hiki i kona makua ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo noho "ma ke kaʻe o ka pūnana kekahi ka", a me ia nō ka huikau pilina me kona makuwahine. No ka mea, malia paha, aloha Ivan Sergeyevich ka mehana o ka hale, i ke aloha o ka pilina ma na hanauna mua a kaikaina ma waena. Ka huahana o "Man a Sons" hoʻike mau aiee loa, me ka i, ma ka mea, hiki ole neʻe mua holomua. Ua manaʻo i kēia me ka hana Kirsanovsʻohana. Arkady, 'elele o ka hanauna kaikaina a me ka maikai, nae, a ua' ole ma Bazarov, nō intimately pili me kā lākou i wae. ʻO hiki ma otchie palena ma hope ka mea, olelo aku la ia i 'aneʻi, a me ka lewa o kaʻono ma, a oi pipiʻi, a kokoke ma mua i loko o ke kulanakauhale alii. E hoolilo ana i ka hele i loko o ka hala ana o kona poe koa, Turgenev mai la ia Kirsanov makua kāne mau ho'āʻo e kiʻi kokoke i kana keiki, e kaʻana ai kona pono, e ola ka mea e ola ana Arkady ike me kona mau buddies, imi e maopopo i ka hou hanauna e hiki mai ana ma ka hakahaka o kona mau na¯. Ka huahana o "Man a me Sons", e like me ua oleloia, o ka puke-ka antithesis. Akā, iā Bazarov, a me ka mea he staunch hoa paio o nā mea a pau i ka hala, o ka "makua" me ka, aole nae ia i ko waho he hawawa koʻu i kona makua kāne a me kona makuwahine, a ma ke akea hoomaewaewa mai ai ia me ka mea e hoʻowahāwahāʻia "kahiko Kirsanovs" aloha o ka kinship mea i malihini ia ia. Ke'ī mai, i ka mooolelo ohana , a laa mea paʻa o Turgenev. Ana iā i ka hou o ka'āina, ka mea kākau moʻolelo manaoio i kekahi hiki oleʻokoʻa ma loaʻa kea i hala hana hoopilikia wale, a me ka ka hoʻomauʻana o nā hanauna a pau.
New a me ka elemakule
Ke ano o ka puke "Man a Sons" mea ma mua o hōʻike ma luna ninau nui aʻoi. Ae, oiaio, i ke keiki hanauna, a me kona hoʻomaopop 'ana i maximalism pinepine noonoo ia lakou iho nui akamai, nui e holumua ai, nui loea, oi hiki ka nui hana a me ka pono no ka'āina ma mua o ka poe nona na makahiki e kokoke ana i ka pau. Auwe, akā, ma ka a nui ia mea. A me Nikolai Petrovich, a Petr Petrovich Kirsanov, kanaka naʻauao a me ke kālā no-hoonaaukiekie oe, aka, pili kēia ma hope o ka lele mua uncontrollably kenekulia. Newʻepekema manaʻo,ʻanoʻenehana Aey? Acaeoey, kālai'āina manaʻo e loaʻa ka mea paakiki i ka maopopo a me ka paʻakikī, eʻae i loko o kā lākou kela la i keia ola. Akā, 'aʻole i manaʻo' ia ka hala e e ole koena luku, hoʻopoina, e haawi aku ia i, "a akaka e", i kaheaia ma ka Bazarov? He aha, a laila, e kūkulu i ka hou wahi i loko o ka holo? Nihilist Eugene hiki ole ke huki mai i ka piha kiʻi - apparently, mea, aole ia i ike, mea ole ia ia. A me ke ano o ka puke "Man a Sons" ma o ka mea kākau pono ike ole wale e nema aku ana i keʻano pupuka o Lūkini ike maopopo, i ka popopo lawelawe oihana, a me ka pinepine kanaka ka pili ma, akā, no hoi, e hooiaio i kou hiki ole loa haʻalele i ka hala. Kanaka maikai ana, hahai aku kekahi i kekahi, a me kela mea keia mea i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka mea mua e piʻi like.
Ideological a aesthetic manaʻo o ka puke
He aha hou aʻe i ka puke "Man a Sons"? Ke huahana o Turgenev kākau i loko o 3 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mua nā lā hoʻi i 1860-1861 makahiki, ia ia i hana mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE kikokikona, Ua hana ke kuka, a ke kinona o ka'ōnaehana. Ka lua o ka pili a hiki i ka haule ana o ka 1861 - i ka hoʻomaka o ka hooilo 1862 ka. I keia manawa o ka mea kākau moʻolelo 'Imi recycles kikokikona, e ke kuka a me ka lua hoololi, kŰlń ao ka laulā naauao ana ma ka pilikia e like me ka loli pili aupuni i loko o ka aina. A eia ka mea hope, i ka wā mai o Feberuari a hiki i Sepatemaba 1862 a me ka loli hope a hiki i ka Edition mua o "Russian Pai" hana "Man a Sons." Nā pilikia o ka puke - he vivid kiʻi o ka neʻeʻana o ka hookiekie ana i nā maka'āinana, i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni democrats; ae hōʻike ana i ka hou, e kikokiko i ka nascent nohona activist, nihilist, ua ninau aku i na kumu o ka Lūkini moku'āina. 238 'aoʻao o ke olonā i puka Turgenev ka a lima hele i loko o ke ola moʻolelo o ke kipi Bazarov, noʻonoʻo loi amoral nihilism, i ka hakakā ma waena o conservatives, Liberal (KS) a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni-hoonaaukiekie oe e holumua ai, i ka hōʻike' ia 'ana o philosophical, uhane, haipule, pono a me ka aesthetic, pono i kāna hana.
I ka mea kākau i makemake ai, e olelo aku me ka mea i aku la ia?
E maopopo i ka ano o ka puke "Man a Sons" mea hiki ole ka hōʻikeʻoleʻana i ke kiʻi o ka papa kuhikuhiE ano - he nihilist Evgeniya Bazarova. Ka mea kākau olelo i kona ike ana i ke kii o ka ikaika, vicious, hihiu, a uncontrollable, pono, e hele mai ana, mai na kanaka, akā, ua make i ka hoʻokō 'ole', no ka mea, o ka manawa ua,ʻaʻole i hiki mai Bazarovs. He hoʻokomo akula i ka mea ike, ke aloha a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka ia kiʻiʻo ia i hana mai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo imi iho la e nema aku ana kuhikuhi i ka hanohano like koke maikai, akā, e moribund, makeʻe kulana papa, inhibiting waiwai a me ka pili 'ana o ka aina. Akā, Bazarov hele mai i ka mua, a me ia mea e pili ana i keia ano hoʻomohala i loko o ka wahi lulu noʻonoʻo loi o ka hakakā. Kekahi i manao ai i ka papa kuhikuhiE ano vicious caricature, lampoon ma ka hanauna kaikaina. Kekahi poe lalau Turgenev hua'ōlelo "nihilist", hoomaka ae la e kapa aku ia lakou me ka dukima o excesses, ka manaʻo politika unrest hua mai la ia e nā haumāna. A ua lilo synonymous Bazarov ka inoa a me kekahi o na inoa o ka diabolo - Asmodeus. Apana, lalau aku i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻo, kukulu ia Yevgeny Vasilyevich i ke ano o ko lakou mau uhane alihi kaua. Turgenev i ole kaʻana like i ka manaʻo o kekahi i kekahi, aole hoi i ka lua, aole hoi ke kolu. Kēia i kekahi o na kumu o ka ideological mahae ma waena o ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me nā lālā o ka "Contemporary".
ola ana o ka lanakila ma luna o ideology
Ae, Ivan Sergeyevich, a me nā mea a pau oiaio walohia i ke ano hanohano, a me ke aloha i Bazarov, a me kekahi hoohewaia, a me na mea e ae. Ma ka puke,ʻo ia i ho'āʻo i ke ola i oi eiiieaena, a pēlā nō i nā mea a pau ideologies, kālai'āina hoopaapaa, a me ka mea hiki ole ke waiho i loko o kekahi Procrustean moe. Nature, ke aloha a me ka oiaio ke aloha, a me ka regenerating ennobling mana o ke akamai, e lanakila patriotism ma luna o kekahi "passionate, hewa, kipi naau." A hiki i kēia lā i ka hopena o ka meʻe hana o ka ukupanee a me ka mea e hopohopo nei iā mākou, e ala, e hoopaapaa, paipai e ho'āʻo i maopopo like nui i hiki, a aʻo a pau ia ia i kekahi kanaka. A me keia mea ke kumu nui hiʻona o na Classics nui.