Nā papahana kahiko (Russian). Nā papahana papahana Russian: he papa inoa o nā hana maika'i loa

'O nā'ōlelo ma'amau (Russian) he'ano laulā, a'o kēlā me kēia mea e ho'okomo i kona'ano pono'ī i loko. Inā makemake'oe e heluhelu i nā mea heluhelu i nā aha a lākou e hana ai, a laila e'ano like'ole nā pane. No kekahi kanaka ka mea i ho'okumu i ka waihona waihona waihona,'ōlelo kekahi e pili ana nā hana o nā puke Lūkini kūikawā i kahi'ano o ka ho'omehana'oihana ki'eki'e. No nā keiki kula kahi kēia a lākou e a'o ai i ke kula. A e pololei loa lākou i ko lākou'ao'ao pono'ī. No laila, he aha nā'ano papahana like'ole? 'O nā leka Lūkini, i kēia lā e kama'ilio wale ana no ia. About haole Classics e e kūkākūkā i loko o kekahi 'atikala.

Periodization o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini moʻokalaleo

Aia kahi manawa i mahalo'ia i ke kāko'o a me ka ho'omohala'ana o nā puke Lūkini. Ua pu'unaue'ia kona mo'olelo i loko o nā manawa kūpono:

1. 'O ka wā ma'amau. I kēia manawa, a hiki i ka'umikumamākahi haneli,'a'ohe palapala kākau, a ua pa'i waha'ia nā hana.
2. Mai ka kenekulia 11 a hiki i ka XIV he mau'ōlelo Lūkini kahiko. 'O ka ho'okomo'ana i ka ho'omana Karistiano ma Rusia nui ka hopena o kona ulu'ana. Ua unuhi'ia nā puke Helene, ke ulu nei nā'ano hou: nā ola o nā haipule, nā mele, ka hele'ana, ka'euanelio.
3. 'O ka manawa e hiki mai ana he mau puke o ka wā kahiko. Mai ka makahiki XV a hiki i ka makahiki XVII.
4. Koho XVIII - ka manawa o ka ho'omālamalama'ana o Lūkia. Ke pili nei kēia manawa me kēlā po'e kākau kākau nāna i ho'okumu i ke kumu o nā puke kūikawā Russian. 'O kēia mau mea: Karamzin, Fonvizin, Lomonosov, Zhukovsky, Sumarokov, Radishchev, Krylov.
5. 'O ke kenekulia'umikumamāiwa ka manawa i ola ai nā mea kākau a me nā mea haku mele, i kapa'ia i ko mākou manawa he mau mo'o'ōlelo. "Golden Age" - ua hā'awi'ia kēia inoa i kēia manawa. Ua ho'okumu'ia nā papahana kūikawā kūpono loa'o Rusia i ka manawa wale nō.
6. Ua kapa'ia ka XX century ma ke'ano o ka pilina mua i ka makahiki "Silver Age", no ka mea, ma kekahi'ano,'o ia kona ho'omau'ana.

He aha nā hana i kapa'ia he kelepona?

He nui ka po'e heluhelu e ho'omaopopo ana i nā puke mo'okalaleo (Russian)'o Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy -'o ia ho'i, nā hana a kēlā po'e kākau mo'olelo i noho i ka XIX mau kenekulia. 'A'ole kēia'oia'i'o. A Classic ka palapala, ai hana hiki e, a me ka Middle Ages, a me ka XX kenekulia. Ma o nā hea hea e koho ai i nā puke a he papa mo'olelo paha? 'O ka mea mua, pono ka'oihana'oihana i ka waiwai'oihana ki'eki'e, e lilo i kumu ho'ohālike no nā po'e'ē a'e. 'O ka lua, he pono ka'ike'ana o ke ao holo'oko'a, pono ia he wahi o ka pūnaewele mo'omeheu honua.

A pono'oe e'ike i ke'ano o nā mana'o o ka papa mele kahiko a kaulana. Nā papahana -'o kēia ka mea i ho'ā'o'ia e ka manawa, a'o ka hana kaulana e hiki wawe ke ho'opoina. Inā'o ka pono o ia mea e ho'omau no nā makahiki he'umi, hiki paha i ka hopena o ka hopena.

'O ka Origins o ka Lūkini Lūkini

I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18, wale nō ka ho'okele ali'i Lūkini i ho'oka'awale'ia i'elua mau wahi kū'ē: nā conservatives a me nā mea ho'oponopono. 'O kēlā ha'alulu no nā'ano like'ole e pili ana i nā loli i loko o ke ola: nā ho'oponopono hou a Petrovsky, ka ho'omaopopo'ana i nā hana o ka Ho'opā'ana, ka nīnau ho'okaumaha kaumaha, ka mana o ka mana. 'O kēia hakakā o nā hana ma'amau i alaka'i i ka pi'i'ana o ka'uhane, ka'ike pilikino, a'o ia ho'i ka mea i ho'āla ai i nā lālā Lūkini. Hiki iā mākou ke'ōlelo aku ua ho'okumu'ia i ka papa o nā hana nui ma ka'āina.

'O nā mo'olelo kahiko (Russian), i hānau'ia ma kahi hanana a pa'akikī i ka XVIII mau makahiki, i ka hopena o ka makahiki XIX. 'O kona mau hi'ohi'ona nui: ka'ike kanaka, ke kūlana ki'eki'e, ka'ike pilikino.

'O nā papahana kūikawā Russian i ka makahiki 19

'O kahi'ano nui i ka ho'okō'ana i ka mo'omeheu o kēlā manawa i ho'okani'ia e ka ulu'ana o ka'ike maka'āina. Ke wehe'ia nei nā'oihana ho'ona'auao a'oi aku, ke ulu nei ka pilikanaka o ka waihona puke, ua nui ka nānā'ana o ka po'e kākau'ōlelo i kā lākou'ōlelo pono'ī. Ke kipi o ka Decembrists a hiki aku i koiia e manaʻo e pili ana i mea e hanaia i loko o ke aupuni.

Ka mana o Karamzin ma ka ho'omau'ana i nā puke o ka 1900

Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, ka nui kākau moʻolelo Lūkini, mea kākau a me ka kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, ua ka loa influential huahelu ma Lūkini moʻomeheu o ka XVIII-XIX kenekulia. 'O kāna mau mo'olelo no ka mo'olelo kahiko a me ka mo'olelo'o "History of the Russian State" he nui ka hopena ma ka hana a nā mea kākau a me nā haku mele: Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboyedov. 'O ia kekahi o nā lono nui o ka'ōlelo Lūkini. Ua ho'ohana'ia'o Karamzin e ho'ohana i nā hua'ōlelo hou he lehulehu, me ka hiki ole iā mākou ke no'ono'o i kēia mau'ōlelo.

Nā papahana papahana Russian: he papa inoa o nā hana maika'i loa

'O ka koho'ana a me ka ho'onohonoho i ka papa inoa o nā hana kākau maika'i loa, he hana pa'akikī ia, no ka mea'o kēlā me kēia mea heluhelu e loa'a iā ia iho nā makemake a me nā mea'ono. 'O kahi puke, no ka mea he ho'okahi mea akamai loa, he mea hō'eha a ho'oluhi'ole i kekahi. Pehea e hana ai i ka papa inoa o nā puke Lūkini kūikawā, e ho'omāmā i ka po'e heluhelu? 'O kekahi o ka hana'ana i nā noi'i. Ma ko lākou kumu, hiki iā'oe ke huki i nā mana'o e nānā ka po'e heluhelu i nā mea maika'i loa o nā koho i koho'ia. Ho'olako'ia nā'ano o ka 'ohi' ana i nā 'ike i nā manawa a pau, akā hiki ke loli iki ka'ikepili me ka manawa.

Ke papa inoa o nā papahana kūikawā o ka po'e Lūkini, e like me nā mana o nā moena palapala a me nā pūnaewele pūnaewele, e like me kēia:

1. 'O Mikhail Bulukūkov me ka puke mele kupanaha "Master a me Margarita".
2. 'O Leo Tolstoy me ka epic work "War and Peace".
3. 'O Fedor Dostoevsky me'ekolu mau puke: Crime and Punishment, nā kaikua'ana Karamazov a me ka Idiot. 'O ka mea mana'o mana'o Lūkini nui'o ia i ho'ākāka pololei a hō'ike me ka huhū i nā'ano pōuliuli o ke'ano o ke kanaka. Ua'ōlelo mua'o Friedrich Nietzsche'o Dostoevsky ka mea psychologist wale nō a hiki iā ia ke a'o i kekahi mea.
4. 'O Nikolai Gogol - "'O nā'Ala make." 'O kekahi o nā mea kākau po'okela Lūkini nui loa i hiki ke ho'okumu i nā ki'i'oko'a o nā mea kino. 'O ka mo'olelo'o "Viy" a me ka hō'ili'ili'ana o ka mea kākau mo'olelo "'Aiwa ma kahi pā'ai kokoke i Dikanka" he mea aloha nui'ia e ka po'e heluhelu.
5. 'O Alexander Pushkin me ka puke "Eugene Onegin". E like me ke poo, ka hapanui aloha kākau kula ua kapaʻia ma hope o Pushkin a me Onegin - ka loa recognizable palapala, ai 'meʻe.
6. 'O Anton Chekhov a me kāna mau mo'olelo.
7. Mikhail Lermontov - "Ka Hero o ko mākou manawa".
8. 'O Ilya Ilf a'o Yevgeny Petrov he mau papahana ia o ke kenekulia 20, he po'e ha'alulu nui. 'O kā lākou puke "Nā Kahu He'umikumamālua" ua lilo i puke punahele loa i ka po'e heluhelu.
9. 'O'Ivan Turgenev a me kāna hana'o "Makua a me nā keiki."
10. 'O Alexander Griboyedov me ke melemele "Auwē mai Wit". Ma hope o kāna kākau'ana i ho'okahi wale nō hana no kona ola a pau, akā i hana'ia ma kahi ki'eki'e,'o ia ka mea i kākau mau loa'ia ma waena o nā mea kākau maika'i loa o ka papahana'ōlelo Russian.

'A'ohe pono e no'ono'o'oe i kēia papa inoa. Ma kekahi mau koho a me nā ana i ka mua, hiki'ole ke kū i Bulgakov, a me Leo Tolstoy a i'ole Alexander Pushkin, a'a'ole paha i kahi o nā mea kākau i kākau'ia. Hō'ike - he mea nui loa. He maika'i ke kākau'ana i kahi papa inoa o kāu mele punahele no'oe iho a no ka nānā'ana iā ia.

Ka Mea nui o ka Lūkini Lūkini

Ho'okumu pinepine nā mea haku o nā kūkini Lūkini i ka hopohopo nui. 'A'ole lākou i hana ma ke'ano he mau mea hō'ole,'a'ole lākou i ho'omākaukau i nā pane i kā lākou hana. Ua waiho nā mea kākau i mua o ka mea heluhelu i kahi hana pa'akikī a ua no'ono'o'o ia e pili ana i kāna ho'oholo. Ua pale lākou i nā pilikia ko'iko'i a pilikanaka i kā lākou mau hana, a he mau mea nui ia iā kākou i kēia lā. No laila, ke ho'omau nei nā lula Lūkini i kēia lā.