Mechanical hawewe: ke kumu, o ka waiwai o ka haʻilula

Noonoo ai i na mea he ma paʻi nalu, hiki e ka pōhaku nouʻia i loko o ka wai. Koʻikoʻi a hanohano i kupu mai malaila, a e alternating holowaa, a me nā nalu - mea he kumu hoohalike o ke ÿano hawewe. He aha ka ko lakou ano maoli? Mechanical hawewe - he kaʻina hana o ka oscillation propagation ma laholio Media.

capillary nalu

Oia ÿano hawewe e noho aie ana i ke kanawai i huna ikaika o ka intermolecular AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka wai a me ka umekaumaha. People Ua lōʻihi ua këia i ka kŰia. Most pepeiaohao nui nō ke kai a me ka moana ale. Me ka ulu makani ka wikiwiki, ka mea, e hoʻololi i, a me kā lākou kiʻekiʻe maoli. Ua Ua hoi huikau a me kinona o na ale iho. Ma ka moana, ka mea hiki ke hiki o kona makau i huliāmahi. Kekahi o ka loa ahuwale examples i ka mana o ke kai e pūlumi ana aku i na mea a pau i loko o kona alanui.

Ka ikaika o ke kai a me ke kai eʻe

A hiki i kahakai moana hawewe me kaʻoi loli i loko o ka hohonu, piʻi pū. Ka mea, i kekahi manawa, hiki i ka kiekie o kekahi mau mika. Ma ia mau minute, i ka ikehu kinetic o ka, alahula nui o ka wai, ua hoouna onshore nā pilikia i lalo kona keiki hikiwawe loa ka lukuia. Ka ikaika o ka nalu i kekahi manawa grandiose cia ihoiho.

laholio nalu

Ma mechanics like ole wale fluctuations i loko o ke kinowaiʻili, akā, i ai-kapa laholio hawewe. Kēia haunaele, a i puunaue i loko o kekahi Media ma lalo o ka hana o ka laholio koa i loko o ia mau mea. Oia ka perturbation o kekahi haiahū kūmau o na (particles) o ka meakino, mai ka equilibrium wahi. A hoʻohālike maikaʻi maoli laholio hawewe mea he lōʻihi kaula a me ka laholio şarkı pili ana kekahiʻaoʻao i kekahi mea. Inā ia mea māloʻeloʻeʻana, a laila, i kaʻoi o ka neʻeʻana o kaʻaoʻao, e hana i ka lua (pili-Padfolio) pau kona inaina, ua hiki ke ike ia a pau ma luna o ka "holo ma" ka lōʻihi o ke kaula i ke kākoʻo a me ka noonoo hoʻi.

Kumu o ke ÿano hawewe e

Helu mai ka pioloke haawi ala i ka nalu i hoʻolilo 'ia i kekahi. Ua ua kena ae la ma ka hana ana o kekahi haole kino, i loko o ke kālaikūlohea ua kapaia ke kumu o na ale. Ka mea, e ia he lima kanaka,'āina kaula, a me ka pohaku, kiola ia i loko o ka wai. Ma ka hihia ma ke kumu i ka hana o ka pōkole lōʻihi like 'ole, ma ka meakino ia mea pinepine he hookahi hawewe. I ka wa o ka "disturber" e lōʻihi oscillatory noi, ale hoʻomaka e uē helu kekahi ma hope o kekahi.

Terms o ÿano hawewe e

Fluctuations o keia ano keia ano e ole mau hana. A elue no kā lākou mau helehelena i ka nānā aku i ka manawa o ka perturbation meakino Ka hoʻokū iā ia i ka ikaika, ma ua elasticity. Ka mea, ke imi nei e lawe pu kokoke (particles) ia mea, e hookaawale, a hoolilo ia ia, mai kekahi i kekahi i ka manawa o ka hoʻohui. laholio manehu o ka (particles) kaʻawale, mai ke kumu mai o haunaele, hoʻomaka e huki ia lakou mai ke kaulike. Over manawa, i nā'āpana o Media a pau i komo i loko o ka oscillatory noi. Propagation o ia kuekueni a me ka nalu.

Mechanical hawewe i loko o ka laholio meakino

Ma ka laholio nalu, loaʻa nō nāʻano o ke noi i ka ia manawa: na oscillations o na (particles), a me ka puunaue ana o ka perturbation. Ua kapa lonikū ma paʻi nalu, a (particles) e kuekueni ma ka olelo o kona propagation. Kapaia transverse nalu, meakino (particles) a lauwili ma kona ala e hiki aku o propagation.

Nā waiwai o ka ÿano hawewe e

Perturbations ma ka lonikū nalu mea he rarefaction a me ka mīkini'opihia, a me ka transverse - hoʻololi ai (displacements) o kekahi papa o ka meakino pili ana i ka mea 'ē aʻe. Compressive ke kanana nei ua pu ma ka laholio koa. Ma kēia ako i ke kanana nei pili i keʻano o ka laholio koa wale nō i loko o ka'ā. Ke gaseous a me ka wai a Media naeaeaa, ahu iho o kēia mau Media, ua i pu ma ka hanana o ka poino. Manawa i kona waiwai, lonikū nalu hiki hoʻopulapula ma kekahi Media, a me keʻa - wale nō paa.

Waiwai o nä hawewe wai

Nā nalu ma luna o ka wai ili i lonikū paha transverse. Ka mea, ua oi eiiieaen, ka ai-kapaia lonikū a me ka transverse ano. Ma keia hihia, no ka loli (particles) ne e circumferentially paha elongated ellipse. Ke hoʻopoepoe ka noi o (particles) ma ke kinowai ili, a oi loa aku hoi, i ka wa nui kuekueni i pu ma ko lakou mau lohi akā, ana noi ma ka olelo o ka propagation nalu. He mau waiwai o ÿano hawewe i loko o ka wai ke kumu o ka meaʻikeʻia ma luna o nā kapa o nā MeaʻAi O Ke Kai.

Alapine (frequency) ÿano hawewe e

Inā ka laholio meakino (wai, paa, gaseous) e hoʻomaka ai kona oscillation (particles), aie i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ia, ka mea e hoʻopulapula me ka māmā holo make. Penei, ina ma ka gaseous a me ke kinowai ai meakino e ia i loko o ka oscillating kino, e hoʻomaka ana i hiki ai i nā mea a pau i ka pili huna. Ka mea, e komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o kēia mau, a no laila, ma luna o. Ma keia wahi na mea a pau meakino e oscillate like alapine (frequency) like me ke alapine (frequency) o ka oscillating kino. He ke alapine (frequency) o ka nalu. Ma na olelo e ae, hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma kēia nui me ka oscillation alapine kuhikuhi mai la lakou i loko o ka papa kahi a ka nalu hoʻopulapula.

Koke ia paha,ʻaʻole e hala ole ana i kēia kaʻina ia lŘlŘ. Me ka ÿano hawewe e pili oscillatory noi hoolilo ikehu, mai kona kumu a hiki i ka periphery o ka meakino. I loko o ia e ala mai ai-kapaia papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika deformation nalu lawe mai kekahi wahi a hiki i kekahi. I ka hana ana pela, o ka (particles) o ka meakino mai i neʻe a me ka nalu. Ka mea, Laulā hoopau nei i kona kulana o ka equilibrium. Ia mea ke kumu o ka puunaue ana o ka ÿano hawewe i ole pu ma ka hoolilo ana i ka mea mai kekahi wahi a hiki i kekahi. Ma ke ÿano hawewe o kekahi nä alapine. No laila, ka mea, ua maheleia lakou ma na mea paa a me ka hana i ka kuikawā pālākiō. Ke alapine (frequency) Ua ana i loko o Hertz (Hz).

kumu o haʻilula

Mechanical nalu, i ka ho omaulia haʻilula i ka loa mea, o ka hana hoihoi 'mea o ka mahele. Ka nalu māmā holo (υ) - o ka neʻeʻana mämä holo o kona alo (ka locus o nā kumu, e a ka oscillation i hiki 'ia i ka manawa):

υ = √G / ρ,

kahi ρ - nuʻa o ka meakino, G - modulus.

I ka helu ana i ka mämä holo ole e e pioloke ÿano hawewe i loko o ka meakino me ka mämä holo o ka neʻe o ka meakino (particles) e e komo i loko o kaʻina o ka nalu. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka mea hoike, ka mea kani nalu hoʻopulapula ma ka lewa ma ka māmā holoʻawelike fluctuations o kona nā lātoma i 10 m / s, oiai ka acoustic nalu māmā holo ma maʻamau rula, mea 330 m / s.

Wavefront hiki ia i nāʻano, o ka simplest o i mea:

• Spherical -, kena ae la ia e fluctuations ma ka gaseous a me ke kinowai ai meakino. Ka nalu ikaika hawewe emi iho me ka hoʻoulu mamao, mai ke kumu mea inversely hapaʻauhau i ke kahua o ka mamao.

• i lalo - ka mea, o ka pelane, i mea p ÷ haku i ka nalu propagation ao ao. Ua i, no ka laʻana, i loko o ka paʻa kuʻe paukūʻolokaʻa i ka wa a ka mea hope oscillates. Ke pelane nalu Ua wehewehe aku ma ka aneane ikaika ikaika hawewe. Kona hōʻemi iki emi me ka mamao, mai ke kumu mai o na kanaka haunaele ua pili i ka degere o ka (viscosity) o ka kinowai a gaseous meakino.

ke kōā

Ma lalo o ke kōā hoʻomaopopo iho i ka mamao i kona alo ua nee aku no ia i kekahi manawa i mea like me ka wā o ka oscillation o ka meakino (particles):

λ = υT = υ / V = 2πυ / ω,

kahi T - oscillation au, υ - nalu māmā holo, ω - cyclic alapine (frequency), ν - alapine (frequency) o oscillations o ka meakino kiko huina.

Mai ka propagation māmā holo o ka hawewe mechanical mea pono e kaukaʻi ma luna o ka waiwai o ka meakino, kona lōʻihi λ i ka hoʻololi mai kekahi meakino i kekahi ua loli. Ma keia hihia, ke oscillation alapine ν mau koe ka ia. Mechanical a me nä hawewe electromagnetic i like i ka ua o ko lakou haawi aku ua lawe mai ma ka ikehu hoololiia ana, akā,ʻaʻohe mea i hoolilo o ka mea.