Mechanical Plant'aʻaʻa: mall hiʻona a me ka hana

Like loa me ka holoholona, i loko o nā kino o nā mea kanu, ma laila nō keʻano o nā'aʻaʻa. Ua Ua kukulu kino, a, ma ka huli, hana i ka nenoaiu. Ke mall pa alima like me ka pau o ka ia - o ka halepaahao.

Naʻe, i ka mea kanu'aʻaʻa a me ka holoholona, a me ka oko i 'ole a me ka oihana hana. No laila, ho'āʻo e maopopo mea kēia mau kumu hoohalike ma flora. A kokoke nana i ka ka me mechanical kanu'aʻaʻa.

kanu'aʻaʻa

Ka huina 6 pūʻulu hiki ke hōʻike 'ia ma nā'aʻaʻa o ka laau kino.

1. Educational nā i ka eha, apical, a me kaʻaoʻao gusset type. Mea e hoihoi i ka 'ole o ka mea kanu, acee? Iuo oeiia o ka ulu, i ke komo pū o loko o ke kahua o nā nā'aʻaʻa, ho okumu i hou keena. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka papa i maopopo i e e IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE wale i kaʻai me ka hoʻonaʻauao lole: petioles, internodes, aa maka, i ka luna hapa o ke kumu.
2. Summary ninoieo oʻano o ka parenchyma (columnar, pneumatic, a naele, stocking, wai-kona hanau ana) e like me photosynthetic wahi. Ka papa hoʻopili like i ka inoa: ka papaa o ka wai, hoʻomāhuahua o caiiaaaiiai ka mahuaola, kāʻamaʻai, kinoea pānaʻi. IIeEeAIEUAA i loko o ka lau, kumu, ka hua.
3. Lawelawe lole - xylem a me ka phloem. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE manao - halihali ana i nā minelala hao a me ka wai i ka lau, a kumu a me ka redelivery o nutrient i huiʻia no ka pūnaewele wahi. Ke aupuni 'ia ma loko o ka lāʻau, hana kūikawā phloem keena.
4. Uhi fabrics nā loko o kona wale nô ekolu walaʻauʻanaʻano likeʻole: ka Cork, Cork, na epidermis. Lākou kūlana ma ka wahi mua - ka hoomaluia mai, e like me ka pono me transpiration a me ka hoonohonoho hou kinoea. Ka wahi i loko o ke kino o ka mea kanu: o ka ili o ka lau, wauke, na aa.
5. Secretory? Iecaianoaaiiuo o'aʻaʻa ua hana wai, nectars, metabolic huahana, ona mau. Ua hoʻokomoʻia i loko o hana kūikawā kulanui (nectaries, mlechnikah, heluia na lauoho).
6. Mechanical mea kanu'aʻaʻa, kona 'ole a me ka hana ana au i ke lalo i loko o hou au mamuli.

Mechanical'aʻaʻa: mau ano

Eiiieaena a heterogeneous ino keia, climatic catharsis, mea e mau pahee nā poʻohiwi o ka 'ano - i malama i ka hale, mai a pau i kēia kanaka. A pinepine keia mea he awa no ka mea kanu e holoholona. A o ka mea e hoola ia lakou iho? mea hiki ke hoole aku i ke kaumaha makani a me na olai, no laila, i ka mea, ka lua pele a me ka huahekili, he hau a me ka Tropical makani ino mai ai? Ua huli mai, e kokua ia lakou e ku me ia ma ke 'ole - me mechanical'aʻaʻa.

Oia ka 'ole ua ole mau kōā kaulike māhele i loko o kekahi, a me ka ia e kanu. No hoi, kona maʻiʻo mea i ka ia a me kekahi mau 'elele. Akā, i kekahi like ia mea ma nā mea a pau. Mechanical mea kanu'aʻaʻa mai he kūikawā 'ole, Mea Maluna a me ka hana.

Ka ooieoeiiaeuiia manaʻo nui

Kekahi inoa o keia 'ole olelo e pili ana i ke kūlana a me ka nui i ka mea i ai no na mea kanu - ma paʻi ikaika, a me ka hoomalu kākoʻo. Pinepine equated me ka me mechanical'aʻaʻa kiwikā. Ia mea heʻano o ka iwi ponoi, a haawi mai kākoʻo a me ka ikaika ma ka laau meaola.

Kēia mau hiʻona e loa nui me mechanical'aʻaʻa. Mahalo i ko lakou alo kanu mea hiki ke tolerate i ka ikaika loa Map of ino ino, oiai e malama ana i ka pono o nā wahi. Pinepine, oe ke ike pehea ka laau i hooluliia e ka makani ikaika. Naʻe, ka mea, aole e uhai, ae hōʻike ana i nā mea kupanaha o ka plasticity a me ka ikaika. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka hana a ke ÿano waiwai o nā'aʻaʻa. Oe ke hoi ike a me ka kumupaʻa laau uuku, loloa mauʻu wanawana, dwarf laau uuku, laau uuku. A pau o ia i mālama i ka maikai ana, e like ka panee ole ke tina koa.

O ka holo ana, keia ua wehewehe ia e ka mall hiʻona o ka halepaahao hale a me keʻano o ka me mechanical'aʻaʻa. Oe ke māhelehele au iā lāua i loko o nā pūʻulu.

Mea Maluna

Aia i ekolu papa kuhikuhi ano o ia mau hale, kela mea keia mea o ka a i kona mau mall hiʻona o me mechanical'aʻaʻa.

1. Collenchyma.
2. Sclerenchyma.
3. Sklereidy (pinepine ike i kekahi hapa o ka sclerenchyma).

Kēlā me kēia no kēia nā'aʻaʻa hiki ke hana mai o ka iniiaiie, a o ka haumāna meristem. All mechanical e'aʻaʻa aeee i manoanoa paa aeea pā, a pili kēia wehewehe i ka hiki e hana i kēia mauʻoihana. Kahi o kēlā me kēia halepaahao hiki e kekahi e ola ana a make.

Collenchyma a me kona 'ole

Ke evolution o kēia 'ano o ka' ole o ka nui nā'aʻaʻa o nā mea kanu. Nolaila, hapanui collenchyma chlorophyll he he pigment a me ka mea hiki ke hoʻokō kāʻamaʻai. Kēia lole Ua hana wale i loko o ka opiopio kanu, ia n oaa na luna o ko lākou mau pono ma lalo o ka poi, i kekahi manawa he uukuʻoi.

A elue no ka collenchyma - turgor o aeee, akā, i loko o keia hihia ia mea hiki kona hana o ke kilo, e hooko, kākoʻo. Oia ka moku'āina mea hiki, e like me na keena a pau o ka'aʻaʻa - ke ola, e ulu ana a me ka mahele ana. ʻili loa mānoanoa o ia mea, akā, na ili i hoopaa ma i he mea ona a me ka pa, a hāpai kekahi turgor puʻe.

Nō hoʻi, ke ÿole mechanical 'ole o kēia' ano o nā fabrics komo ai kekahi mauʻano o ka huina keena. Ma keia ana ua maheleia i ekolu ano collenchyma.

1. Ka una honua. Ke aeea paia iʻia naʻe lawa uniformly kuni ihola ia i pili i kekahi i kekahi, ia laua i ke kumu. Elongate i shape (no ka hana i kekahi mea kanu i loaʻa kēia 'ano o ka lole, - pua nānālā).
2. Huina collenchyma - iwiʻia naʻe unevenly, ma na kihi, a ma ka waena. Interlock me kekahi i kekahi ma kēia mau māhele, ho okumu i ka uuku pokole (buckwheat, kaʻuala, kikokiko).
3. Friable - ka inoa olelo no ka iho. Ke aeea paia pūhaka, akā, i ko lākou loko - me ka nui intercellular hakahaka. Pinepine hanaʻia photosynthetic hana (belladonna, a me ka stepmother ka makuwahine).

Once hou au e kuhikuhi mai i collenchyma - keia lole mea wale opiopio, odnogodovalyh mea kanu a me nā hua hou ana iho. I ka papa kuhikuhiE IIeEeAIEUAA i loko o ka mea kanu kino - petioles a me ka nui aa koko ma ka kumu o na aoao i loko o ke kinona o ka paukūʻolokaʻa. Kēia e manual kekahi mau ka wale ola'aʻaʻa, neodrevesnevshie aeee i e ole pili i ka ulu ana o nā mea kanu a me ko lākou mau kino.

oihana

Ma waho photosynthetic, ka mea hiki ke kapa no hoi i hana i ka papa kuhikuhiE kona hanau ana. Eia naʻe, iʻole pāʻani ole ia i ke kūlana nui i loko o kēia, e like me sclerenchyma. Aka hoi collenchyma tensile ikaika like i ka ikaika o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia (Aluminum, no ka laʻana, a me ke kēpau).

Eia kekahi, wehewehe i ka hana o kēia 'ano o ka me mechanical'aʻaʻa like me ka hiki, e lilo haumāna woody iwi i loko o ka wa kanu nā loko.

Sclerenchyma 'ano o nā keena

Like collenchyma, ka'aʻaʻa aeee i pinepine lignified iwi ikaikaʻia naʻe. Live maʻiʻo (protoplast) make e ho'ōla. Pinepine i impregnated sclerenchyma aeea hale a me ka kūikawā waiwai - lignin, a maoli he lākou ikaika na manawa he nui. Fracture ikaika ma sclerenchyma like me kila no? Ieoaeunoaa kiko'î.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka aeee i e i ka lole e like penei:

• olona,;
• sklereidy;
• hale loko ma ka lawelawe'aʻaʻa, xylem a me ka phloem - bast olona, a me ka wahie (libriform).

i elongated ke olona, a kuhikuhi upwardly prozenhimnye 'ole me ka ikaika lignified a meʻia naʻe membranes, ili, ua uuku loa. E ke aupuni 'o ka hopena mau o ka ulu ana keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā mea kanu: interstitial kumu, he kikowaena hapa o ke kumu lalo iho.

Bast a me ka wahie olona, i ka nui me ka mea e hele pū ana lawelawe nā'aʻaʻa a puni ia.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole me mechanical sclerenchyma'aʻaʻa ninoieo i loko o ka mea ana a pau i ka make keena, me ka pono-i hana laau iwi. Together, ka mea i weliweli ia'ku i ka mea kanu. Sclerenchyma ua hana mai ka iniiaiie meristem, cambium a me ka procambium. IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE i loko o kona kino, (kumu), lalo iho, na aa, lalo iho, wahi, he ōhāhā a me na lau.

Kūlana ma ke kanu kino

Hanaʻia ai ka hana a me mechanical'aʻaʻa sclerenchyma mea maopopo - i ka holistic? Aieao o ka ikaika, i lawa ka ikaika, kohoʻia a me ka ikaika e pale aku i ke kūpaʻa a me ka hōʻeuʻeu 'ole, mai ka coronal nuipa a (ma ka laau) a maoli au i na ino (i nā mea kanu).

kāʻamaʻai hana e sclerenchyma aeee mea uncommon no i ka a maloo aku o ka maʻiʻo ola.

Sklereidy

Mau mall oihana mua i mechanically lole i hanaʻia o kaʻike mau lahilahi-paʻa keena make ma ka phasing protoplast sklerifikatsii (lignification) leho a me kā lākou mau puana thickenings. Na keena hoʻomōhala i nāʻaoʻao:

• o iniiaiie meristem;
• o ka parenchyma.

Hōʻoia ka ikaika a me ka rigidity hiki ke sklereid, denoting i ka wahi o ko lākou IIeEeAIEUAA i ka mea kanu. I waena o ia mea nutshells, i ka hua o na lua.

E like me kēia mau hale a ano hiki e loaʻokoʻa. Penei, i ke kala:

• pōkole ua hoʻokōʻia pohaku aeee (brahisklereidy);
• manamana ai;
• ikaika elongated - puluniu;
• osteosklereidy - hoʻokino e like me ka kanaka tibia.

Pinepine i loaʻa ia hale a hiki i kaʻiʻo pepa o ka hua, a malama ia lakou mai kaʻaiʻana i kekahiʻano o nā manu, a me na holoholona. Sklereidy a pau ano o e i ka oi aku ma paʻi'aʻaʻa, kokua ana ia laua e hana kākoʻoʻoihana.

Ke kumukuai no ka mea kanu

Ke kūlana o ia keena ua ole wale ka ikaika hana. Sklereidy kekahi kōkua mea kanu:

• hoʻopale anoano mai ka wela loli;
• pale Fetus koʻohune a me fungi, e like me holoholonaʻaki;
• e hana i kekahi luna a me nā ÿole mechanical'aʻaʻa piha paa me mechanical maoli.

Ke alo aku o ka me mechanical'aʻaʻa i loko o kekahi mau mea kanu

Ka puunaue ana o kēia mauʻano o ka lole nei i ka ia i loko o kekahi? Ueo o flora. No ka laʻana, ka mea uuku sclerenchyma komo lower wai kanu - līoho. Ma hope o ka hoʻokani i ka wai, kona puʻe no ko lakou kuleana pili i kākoʻo.

Nō hoʻi,ʻaʻole no hoi lignified a stocking lignin Tropical mea kanu, a pau nā 'elele o ka wai habitats. Akā, me ka poʻe e noho lā ma ka arid olelo a me mechanical'aʻaʻa kuai i ka i kā mākou. Kēia i ka lewa i loko o ka inoa o ko lākou mau environmentally - Sclerophyll.

Collenchyma Ua oi ano no ka makahiki dicotyledons laʻelaʻe 'ia. Sclerenchyma, ma ka mea ku ole, loa loa i hanaʻia i loko o monocotyledonous perennial mauʻu wanawana, ka nalu a me na laau.