MIG-29: mea kiko'ī. MIG-29 mau mea kaua: nā mea kaua, ka wikiwiki, ki'i

I ka manawa kūpono o ka pale hana o ka USSR pinepine underestimate i kaʻenemi, e like me kekahi ikehu a me ka loa maoli. Ua lilo ka helu o nā Eia kekahi laʻana o Soviet mea kaua no ka mōʻaukala o ka'āina i ka hae no nā poʻe akamai loa ke kino industrially States. Kekahi o ia mau mea i lilo i ka hōʻailona o ka puali koa o ka USSR, a me ka hou Rusia. Nani machines Shpagin a me Kalashnikov, T-34 a me T-54 "Katyusha" a me nā Lūkini make huahana ua hele loa aku ia i ka ono o ka aina. Hakakā mokulele MiG i pili i ka wahi lulu mea kaua Classics.

I ka moolelo o ka MiG Design Buro

Design Buro hoʻomaka i ka hana imua o ke Kaua Honua II. Nā kānakaʻenehana A. I. Mikoyanu (kaikaina o Stalin ka Commissar) a me M. I. Gurevichu i ka 1940, e hoʻokele i ka hana i ka hakakā nui, kekahi o nā 'ano o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei. He ua i ka helu o ia wā, akā, i ka manawa o ka mua lawe-aku ho'āʻo keia Lightweight māmā mīkini me ka maikaʻi ke nānā aku contours ke paʻi me kekahi mokulele ma Hawaii, o ka UK a me ka 'Amelika.

KB i mau imi ole wale e hahai i ke ao kū i ke au mokulele hana, akā, i ka manawa, e ninau ia. Ka mea mua? Iecaianoaaiiuo mokulele hēkī kinai i loko o ka USSR, ka MiG-9, ua he pane i ka holomua manaʻo o ka Air Max Western mokulele i loko o kona papa.

kū'ē au

Kaʻawaʻawa loa haohao no na pailota Amelika i ka MiG-15 i ka holo a me ka maneuverability ano i oi i ka vaunted? Iecaianoaaiiuo Northrop a me nā Manufacturers mai o ka US, ka poe i manaoio i kona mau 'ana i kūpono unmatched. I ka lani ma ke kaua ma Vietnam hoao iho la e e maikaʻi interceptor MiG-17 a me MiG-21. Aia he'ē aʻe Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka mokulele, MiG-19 a me MiG-23. I Israel ka kaua me Aigupita kaumaha hana MIG-25 Ua pinepine aʻe i ka mua laina, e kaua ma loko aku Aviv. A nae ka mea, i ole i kekahi mea kaua, i ka mea i ka Soviet mokulele lele me ka impunity ma luna o ka'āina, i hoʻolako pono me ka polokalamu US ea pale nenoai ua paʻahau nui hotheads. A helu o nā 'āina' o onei, ma a ka Soviet koa mokulele MiG hōʻike ia iho ma kona maikai, ua lilo ia i ano o ka hoolaha i ka momoku ahi, he kumu o ka pono a me ka mea kiekie loa ka hoʻokōʻana o ka Soviet koa lako a pan. Ke climax o ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o ka poʻe akamai i ka MiG-29. Kōmike 'ano o ke kinai a me kēia lā, 37 makahiki ma hope o ka pauʻana o ka nui manao hana loa e halawai pu me ke kālā no e pono ai no ka hakakā kaa i loko o kona papa.

Nui ke aupuni paha

Ma ka hopena o sixties - i kakahiaka nui seventies, i ka papa kuhikuhiE "workhorse" o ka US Air Max, a me ka helu o nā'āina - Loaʻaʻia enemi o ka USSR - ua ke kaulana F-4, "Phantom" o okoa ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka poe McDonnell Douglas. I ka manao o keia mokulele i Ua loa holomua, ka mea hiki ke hooholo ma ka ao 'ano o ka pilikia - mai e mālama nei ea hakakā maneuvering e bombing a me ka ho'āhewa wale Kao lele lako kaua ma ka honua pale. Akā, i ka hana o Vietnam a me ka Middle hikina hoike mai ia ma luna o ka Soviet MiG-21 a hiki mamua MiG-17, e kaua aku ia ia paakiki. i ka poho hiʻohiʻona ua i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Americans. Ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i hoʻomaka hana ma e pili ana i ka hope "Phantom", i kūpono i kinai mokulele F-14 "Tomcat" a me ka F-15 "ʻaeto lā". Soviet Air Max urgently pono modernization ma ka nānaina o ka lōʻihi-manawa papahana huakaʻi i ke kai mokulele Manufacturers me kā lākou mau "pōpoki" a me "na aeto". KB MiG, ka Soviet aupuni i ka pale umauma hoʻokahi. Ma o ka haule ana o ka 1977 au ua makaukau hou interceptor MiG-29. prototype lawe-aku i wahi ma 6 October. Ma hope oʻelima makahiki, mokulele ua aponoia ka Air Koa o ka USSR.

A iki e pili ana i kona helehelena

Ma kēlā mau makahiki, i ka helehelena o ka houʻano o ka mea pepehi i kekahi moku'āina malu. Ua hoopakele, he nui hoʻokahuli aupuni oaoieei-pāʻoihana, me ka mea manaʻo, lilo iho la ia i kekahi kiʻiona hiʻona o ka MiG-29. Photo inadvertently paʻiʻia i loko o ka ahakanaka, a me ka ÷ mahuka aku nei au, i hōʻike ma kīwī, hiki ke lawe mai hoʻomaluʻenemi? Neeo eaaa? I loko o nā manaʻo o ka papa kuhikuhiE laina o ka wā e hiki mai maunakea oihana puolo. E like me ka manao o ka Luna poʻe akamai M. Waldenberg kākoʻo olaa aku la General Artem Mikoyan R. Belyakov, ka mokulele ua i ka ai-kapaia noniakahi puniʻia. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi, mai ka Âlapa maliuia maunakea mahele manao ma ka pelane, a me ka fuselage i loko o ka KB i hele. Ka holoʻokoʻa airframe oia o laumania nā mahele, sagging, me "panina"ʻaoʻao paia ma ka kakaka wale.

ole ana, e hooko me ka mahuka ua excessive mālama nui. Kiu ma nā kanaka i ka mea kū i a me ka hiki 'Oihana i papahana MiG mokulele. Photo ee iaaanu aeyʻai ana e haawi ia i ka "Phantom", i loko o kekahi o ka lewa E hoike mai, i haawi aku i loko o kona manawa me invaluable 'ike i kā mākou nā kānakaʻenehana. A likeʻaha kanaka i noi ai i MiG-23.

Ka mana mea kanu a me na huahelu o ka "bele"

Mokulele kiko'ī i mau (RD a RD-PO-ZZK no ka hoʻololi ' "M"), ka mea i aia ma lalo o ka'ēheu. Ko lakou huina hou e holo nō ia, mai ka 16.600 a hiki i 17.600 kn (kgf). Inā mākou e lawe i mooolelo ia o ka lawe-aku ke kaumaha o ka mīkini oi ma mua o 15 tona, ia mea maʻalahi ke manao nei makou, mamua o ka nui o ke anakahi mokuna, hookomo iho-kaumaha hiʻohiʻona. Kēia ma ka huli 'o ia hoʻi ia ina MiG-29 i hoʻopapakū a hooki kinoea nāʻoihana i loko o kaʻoihana kokoke i ke kali, ka mea e kau aku i wahi paha e pii ai ma luna me ka ke eaʻe o ka'ēheu. Kēia oaoieei-hiʻona e leie aku oe, e ole wale hōʻike i ke kūlana aerobatics ma luna o nā hōʻike, akā, no hoi he nui he mea hiki manaʻo nui. Locators hana ma ka Doppler rula, a hiki wale Hoʻokolo neʻe maila mea. I ka manawa o ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka "bele" a me ka "moʻo make" (ʻo ia i ka ai-kapaia aerobatics i ka hooko ana i ka mea, he "lag"), i ka mämä holo o ka MiG-29 Ua like ia' Aʻohe, a me na nenoai a pau o ka hooponopono a me ke alakaʻi o ka lewa pale nenoai o oki i ka enemi, e ike ia ma luna o ko lakou mau pale .

"Halo o" MiG-29

I mokulele e kukulu, loaʻa nō nā pāʻoihana e h ÷ ike hou hoʻokokoke mai i ka hoʻoponopono ua e pilikia. Ikaika propulsion'ōnaehana pono i ka hailona o ka lewa, a me ka mea, ua omo ai i loko o ka loaaʻai ana i loko o nui mea. Inā ua uhi ka runway me ka hau, ma luna o ka mea, he mea one (i loko o kekahi wahi i kekahi rarity) a 'ē aʻe contaminants, Ka Huila Wai' i loko o ka mīkini peahi uila. Aia i kekahi mau aoao, e hana i keia laau hahau. No ka laʻana, ka mea, Ua hiki e onoaiiaea ea kānana i loko o ke kaʻa. Akā, ka mea i kamaʻilioʻana no ka puka liiiU. A i 'ole kekahi pāʻoihana: e waiho ea intakes kiʻekiʻe. Akā, i kēia impairs ka aerodynamic waiwai o ka airframe. Ma ka hihia o ka MiG-29 akamai i lawe i ka hana a me nā hana pāʻoihana. Airʻai ana, a hiki i ka retraction o ke awa pae kapa ma hou ea muliwai ma na keena fairing ai pili aku i ka'ēheu i ka fuselage. Kā lākou mau lālani, ka mea, e aia symmetrically ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau, a me ka hema. Ka mea, i kapaia "halo o". I ka wā i wahi e loa, a ma hope o ka lākou o ka lawa palekana hana kiekie, ka mea, wehe wale i ka takeoff a me ka pae o ka papa kuhikuhiE ea intakes.

Avionics

'Aʻole wale nō ikaika kiko'ī a me ka maikaʻi loa aerodynamics mea kaulana MiG-29. Hoakaka, na mea a pau ka mea, ua rasprekrasno, i ke kālā no ea hakakā 'aʻole i kumu hoʻomalu lanakila, ina ua ole papahana i ka ke kahu moku, ergonomic keia a me kākoʻo' ike, e hāʻawi maiʻoe i ka wā olelo hooholo. Aka, i ka ha o ka hanauna i ka mea pilikia, pela like no me ka mea hou Aey? Acaeoey o ko uilaʻoe, mākou paha mau hoa paio i mau, ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka nui noonoo. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kumu o ka lilo-papa kamepiula (keia TS100.02-06) Information a Me Center, mea e kahaha ko oukou naau. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o ka aina (a paha i loko o ke ao nei) hoʻohana nui nā manaʻo e kōkua i ka hana ana o ke kahu moku. Ma kekahi, "Natasha" (me pailota inoa kapakapa'ōnaehana leo PAaIEN, ma ka mea, ua "daimana-UP"), he maikaʻi wahine leo'ōlelo oe i ka hoʻokokoke ua hana ma luna o ka nele o ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka wikiwiki, hoʻomaopopo i pili ana i ka enemi, ka poe i hele mai i ka huelo, a me 'ē aʻe weliweli, hewa a me ka pilikia.

I na mea kaua hoʻoholo ka loa pono. Ka 'ike uaʻana ma luna o ka windshield glazing ku canopy, a ma luna o ka ke apo lohe lele aku la ka pale kaua inoa nenoaiu. Nānā ma ka pelane, au i ka olelo hooholo, e hoouka, kipaku i ke pihi mākaukau aku nō mākou - a ua hiki ke kuhi ana o kaʻenemi mea ole hou. Oia nei ka mea make nana aku i ko kakou mau pailota. A ina ahakanaka la, a nalowale māhele kohoʻia, e ka Moana, kaomi i kekahi pihi a me ka pelane iho e hoʻomoe ana, aʻoki, a ma luna o ka'ōwili.

Electronic'ōnaehana

Ma kēia koa mokulele māhele avionics a me nā mea kaua i ka mana hoʻomalu'ōnaehana ka loa paʻakikī. Me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi ka loaʻaʻana o ka pale ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka Honua ka ili honua Radar e loaa keia mea kokoke hiki ole, akā, i kēia mea hanaʻia i ke kuleana pili i hoʻokele. MiG-29 i hoʻolako pono me ka Radarʻano HO-93 hiki ia oe pu me umi pale ka poʻe. He hapa o ka sighting a me ka hoʻokele eiiieaena OEPRNK-29, i hiki ke hana kokololio kŰia ha, algorithms ho omaulia i ke ino ma ka moana a me ka lepo, pale o kaʻenemi. Ma kona 'ole i laila a me ka optronic sighting'ōnaehana OEPS-29, ka wā ka mea, ua pili ia i ke kūpono' ana o ka polokalamu e piʻi like o quantum ke kālaikūlohea. Ka Pahuhopu Ua 'akomi a ua hōʻike' ia ma ke kaawale, o ke 35 ei (no ka Dogons) i 75 ei (i loko o noa makahiki). Ma mau, he luna 'hooponopono'ōnaehana, akā, manaʻo huhū keia, ka mea mea kupono i ka hana.

Ka pana?

I ka hana o ka Vietnam War hoike mai ia me kekahi Kao lele lako kaua e dogfight, o ka oi aku maneuverable, ia mea pilikia. 'Auʻa' mea kaua "Phantom", i pio i ka Americans e invent i kūikawā kaulia ana pahu waihona me ka pu a me ka ammunition. MiG-mākaukau kokololio-29 (1500 puni no minuke) GSh-301 wai-ho'ēmi kumukūʻai me hoʻokahi haneri leho (30 mm o caliber).

eono mawaho pylons luna ma lalo o nā'ēheu i papahana no Kao lele lako kaua. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana, ka mea hiki ke hoʻouka kekahi SD (R-73 a R-60M). No ka kaua lepo pale pili SD 'ano X-25M. Kau mau mea ka mea, ua lawe mai kekahi ma kekahi kīwī hoailona paha ma kekahi kukuna mea ulana lole. Ka makemakeʻana unguided (NAR ma Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, pōkā pahū) ua hua mai ma Radar. Hawaii pale umauma hoʻokahi loli SD X-29 Anati-moku Kao lele lako kaua, a me supersonic type X-31A, a e lawe i kekahi MIG-29. Armament holomua Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o rockets kūkuluʻia i loko o ka manao o ka wehe 'eiiiiiaiou.

Huina hopeʻia a me nā rockets kaupalena 'i kā mākou hakakā haawe o 3 tons (kumu ÷) a me ka 4, 5 tons (MIG-29M).

TTX Mig-29

Pelane ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ka iki emi Contemporary 'Amelika counterparts, a loaʻa ka F-14 a me F-15. Swipe Soviet interceptor eheu iki aku ma mua o 11 mika (e like me ka "Tomcat" ma ka i kā mākou kahili, a me ka "kui kele ma" - 13 m). Lōʻihi o 17 mau mika ma ka laau-lele refueling (19 e ku e kela a me keia o ka "Americans). MiG-29, a kaupaona ma kahi o 15 tona, e hiki'ē nā mokulele - paha mau hoa paio (ka hola he umikumamawalu tons kēlā me kēia). Link mau turbines aku i ua o 'Amelika hi, a hiki 17.600 kn (14,500 y "Tomcat" a me ka apana uuku na oi aku mamua o 13 tausani. Ka "kui kele ma").

Na kŘpa a uuku wahi o ka'ēheu (38 sq. M.) E hiki anei Alert i ka kiʻekiʻe kekahi haawe ana, akā, ka mea, ua offset ma ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka airframe aie a hiki i ke 'o ka integral hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha. Mig-mämä holo kīnā 29 2.3M (2450 km / h), y me kāhikoʻano MIG-29K mea i kekahi mau mea ma lalo o 2300 km / h. No ka nane: F-14, hiki ke kūkulu i ka 1,88 M (1995 km / h) a me F-15 - 2 650 km / h. Kekahi mea nui anakahi - ka lōʻihi o ke alanui i takeoff a me ka pae. E lawe aku i ka MiG, ia mea lawa runway lōʻihi o ka 700 mika, a me ka afterburner -. Wale 260 m +ʻo ia e noho ma luna o ka pola 600 mika loa. Ua apono 'oe, e hoʻohana' ia me ka mokulele (me ke kaula ke peleki pāʻana'ōnaehana) lawe-ka nānā 'ana, a me ka hana i loko o ka poorly hoomakaukau Airfield (a pauku o ke kuamoʻo, e like me ka mea hanaʻia i loko o ka Yugoslav kaua). Ma ka ia razbezhno-Probizhna ano i nā 'Amelika hi. Hana, e hana e like me ke kumu kinai mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele i constructive, a hoʻolako, i foldable'ēheu hooluolu mai. MiG-29 pae mämä holo o 235 km / h, i kekahi wahi i kona "malinaʻuhane." 'Amelika palubniki i ka ia i ka ia wā.

Mea hiki MiG palena kīnā 17.000 mika a me ninoaaeyao ka palapalaʻoihana ma waena o ka F-14 a me F-15.

ʻawelike o ka kaua ano o Soviet MiG-29, ka oaoieei-ano a me kona kohoʻia e leie aku iā mākou i ka hoʻike i ka mokulele aku i nā mea a pau haole analogues, hoʻomohala i ka mea ia manawa me ia. Hana e nalo mai Radar pale ma ka waenakonu o ka lewa kaua i hāʻawi mai i kēia kaʻa hanana. HOU pili i ka hoomalu ana'ōnaehana, na wahi lulu maunakea hana i lawe mai i ka qualitatively houʻilikai. Ua mea hoi nui i ka MiG-29 i ka palahalaha Loaʻaʻia no nā loli. Kona pale umauma hoʻokahi? Ueony okoa kohoʻia, okoa holo huahelu, a me ka okoa ooieoeiiaeuiiai manao onboard lolouila pono, mai tactical kinai aʻo i ka "lele päkaukau", hoopukaia ma nā kakini. Elua o ia (ka MiG-33 a me ka MiG-35) e hookaawale i loko o kuokoa CB kŘkohu laina ia. Mikoyan a me Gurevich.

Me kekahi mau hōʻailona ma luna o ka eheu

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka USSR koa'auwaʻa o ka hookahi moku'āina i puunaueiaʻi kona aina iwaena o ka mua Soviet republics. Aʻike kālā pilikia, he nui no ia i ka hoʻomaka 'ana e kuai aku i ko lakou mau hua'ōlelo i makemake lako a pan. No ka laʻana, Moldova poho i ka Amerika Huipuia mau makahiki o ka hoʻohana 'ia MiG-29. I ka waiwai e lilo aku ana o kēlā me kēia mokulele i $ 2 miliona, i mea i na manawa he haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kuai maoli. Americans keia interceptor ua he hemahema no ka ulu nā kaʻa mokulele e hakakā i ka BBC hākālia nō i ia mea ma ka hana. Ua kuai MiGs i loko o ke kue ana cii ma Africa, Asia a me na wahi e ae o ke ao nei.

Air-hoa'āina o ka Warsaw Pact i kahikoia me MiG-29. Kokoke a pau o lakou i hele mai ma ka hoʻolilo o ka "hoalawepu" o Rusia i loko o ka maka o NATO. German Luftwaffe pailota maʻaʻano nui i ka enehana Amelika, uaʻoluʻoluʻiʻo hopohopo e ka oluolu a me ka ergonomic e hooponopono - ano ano o MiG-29 Soviet kinai Photo me Malkī nā keʻa ( 'ike Kahiamoe German Air Max), mua ulu nō keʻano o ka uninitiated hoʻihoʻi hou, a laila, i kēia a pau i hoʻohana i.

Ka mokulele i ka hana me ka oi aku iwakalua-kumamalima'āina, a me ka mea, e hoʻololi i ka mea ana a pau ua e hele i ka.

Ka wā koho i kekahi wale mai ana o ka pale huahana haole aupuni i alakaʻiʻano nui kaua ano, a mau ka noʻonoʻoʻole. Akā, nui i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka kālā kēia lākiō o ka hana. MiG-29, i na koina e pili ana i 70-75 miliona dala no pa alima, hiki ke hoʻoponopono loa i ho'ākāka 'koa hana maikaʻi ma mua o kona transatlantic enemi F-15, no ka i "noi" i ka haneri o ka miliona. I ka manawa o ka hoʻoponopono ulia ia koena unuhiʻae nō hoʻi Radio i loko o ka lima o ka Lūkini "Oboroneksportu".

MiG hakakā ka hoao ana

Like loa me ka Competition, "omaka o ke kākoʻo» ( «Fulcrum», ka ai-kapaia NATO MiG-29) a me Amelika "Eagles» F-15 A ua o kaʻimi naʻauao maoli, ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i kekahi o na Kekoa maikaʻi. Ka mea mua nui maoli clash ma waena o nāʻenemi machines i wahi i loko o ka lani, ma o ka Peresia awawa (1991, "Desert ino" hana). E kū'ē i ka backdrop o ka pono pomaikai, ma muli o ke akahele e hoʻomākaukau ai, me ka pomaikai o ka 'ike a me ka mākau lako polokalamu, a laupaʻi superiority, e like me poorly i naauao ana e ka mea i i ke kaua ma ke awawa o Ally mokulele, a uaʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻokahi hookupaa iho la ia ka lanakila ma luna o Iraqi MiG 29. Kōmike 'ano o ka interceptor pailota Hussein i hana mai i na olelo no Honolulu lanakila, hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi hihia o ka make ana o ka "Tornado" Pelekāne ma ka akau-komohana o Iraq (e like me unconfirmed hoike ia i ua i ka mea wale kekahi).

13 Yugoslav MiG-29 (he 15 i makaukau SFRY, akā, mau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka aggression hoao iho la e e uala pono no ka holo ana) ku e aku la ka pīpīʻana ma luna ma mua o ka NATO koa he nui loa. Ma kekahi pohihihi i hele ai i ka pailota Amelika (e like me ia) i lawe mai ai ia i ko lakou 24. I aku o ka lanakila, ka mea i ole pela me ka bravura, e like me ka hoike ana o NATO poʻe hoʻoholo moku. Lau huahelu i bombed ma ka international airport, hoʻokahi interceptor nalowale i loko o ka ulia. Ke koe eono i maoli pana aku la ia ia e NATO, kuikahi'ōnaehana, nae, ua hana kona'ē, e understate kā lākou mau poho. E loiloi i ka helu a me ka nui o kānaka apau i mākaukau MiGs mea a ianoiyuaa a paʻakikī.

Aia he'ē aʻe hihia o ka hakakā hana o ka mokulele MiG-29, mea hoʻomaikaʻi infrequent. Ma kekahi hihia, hiki e hookolokoloia mai ai au i ka pomaikai o ka manao o ka hakakā kaa wale i ka hihia o "maemae" confrontation me ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka hola like palapala hōʻoia no pailota. Oia Episode ua mau i loko o nā mōʻaukala, a me ka mea a pau e'ōlelo aku i ka MiG-29 i ka lōʻihi ola mamua.