Mikhail Bulgakov: hana. Papa Inoa o na hana a me nā lā

I kēia mau lā mākou e hai aku ia oe e pili ana i ke ola a me ka hana ana o ka haku mele kaulana a me ka playwright Mikhail Bulgakov, i ka papa inoa o nā huahana a oe e huli i ka hopena o ka 'atikala.

Kēia kanaka i hanau May 3, 1891 ma Kiev. Kona mau mākua i maikaʻi-hoʻonaʻauao a me ke akamai kanaka. Kona makuahine, hana like me ka kumu i loko o kamaliʻi, a ua puka 'o ia mai ka Theological Academy makuakane ao mai la ia ma ia wahi hoʻonaʻauao kulanui. I ka pau ana o ka 1893, i lilo aiʻo ia i nā hana o ka Kyiv kēia māhele 'āina censor e hana, i waena o ka mea i ka censorship o ka moʻokalaleo,ʻaʻole wale nō Lūkini, akā, i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau. Akā,ʻelima keiki Michael kaʻohana a pau.

palapala he

Bulgakov aʻo i loko o ka First Alexander Gymnasium, a loaa he kiʻekiʻe nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, a ma ka 1909 komo i ka Kiev University' inikua kula. A laila, i ka 1914, o ka First World War. I ka 1916, ma hope o ka puka, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai haukapila ma Cherepovets a me Kamenetz-Podolsk. Ma Sepatemaba o ka ia makahikiʻo ia i hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia mai ka alo, a hoouna aku e alai i ka kua'āina haukapila aia i loko o ka panalāʻau o Smolensk.

Vyazemskij manawa

I ka 1917, ua hoolilo Bulgakov i Vyazma. Keia ola kīkoʻo i ka lewa i loko o ka ua loaʻa hanaia'na, "Notes o ka opiopio kauka" i ka 1926. Nā hana o Bulgakov, ua hāʻawiʻia mai ma lalo o ka papa inoa o ka a, he mea hiki ole ke manao wale me ka hai ana mai i keia hana. Ke protagonist o kona - he loea kauka, he hoʻopono hana, pinepine e hoola i kanaka i loko o seemingly Ka Ho 'Oponopono wahi, i hiki, ka hākilo loa ike no ka plight o Malia paha kauwa mai Smolensk kuli kauhale, a Kahalaopuna powerless e hoʻololi i kekahi mea no ka maikaʻi.

kipi

ke kohu ponoʻaoʻao o ke ola kaʻOiʻenehana uhai. I ka (essay) "Kyiv-City" (1923), ka mea kākau moʻolelo expresses i kona manao e pili ana ia. He memo i me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni loli hili 'a koke "hele mai i ka moʻolelo." Bulgakov kaawale mai koa hana ma hope o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, hoi aku la ia Kiev, a i koke ku e Kelemānia poʻe kaua. Eia ka mea kākau moʻolelo bapetizo i loko o ka maelstrom o ke Kanawai War, hoomaka ae la. Nā hana o Bulgakov, i ka papa inoa o i ua hāʻawiʻia ma lalo, loaʻa ka hanaia'na mai o kēia mau makahiki.

Bulgakov - kauka

No ka Mr Mikhail i kekahi kauka maikai, i nele i kona mau lawelawe, a me ka ia, a me ka 'ē aʻe kaua aoao elua. ʻOiaiʻo ia mea i loko o kekahi kahua koe ua malama pono wau i ka humanist ideals i loko o kona naʻau i nā hoomaka ae la e hoonui kāʻeoʻeo aku i kaʻino o ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko, a Petlurites a laila lewa i loko o ka moʻolelo o "Night ma ke kolu o ka helu" a me ka "lele" i loko o ka puke "Ka White poʻe kiaʻi," a me ka hana keaka "holo" a me "lā o turbines." Pono hoʻokō 'inikua hana, Bulgakov ma ka hopena o 1919, lilo' o ia i unwitting hoike i brutal hewa ma Vladikavkaz. Hoole i ke komo 'ana i loko o kēia kaua, i kakahiaka 1920, ia i haʻalele mai i ka poe kaua o Denikin Bulgakov. Hana Hou, he papa inoa o ka mea au e loaʻa i loko o kēia 'atikala, kekahi aoao ai kekahi noonoo mau a me nā biographical lāliʻi.

ka palapala, ai 'oihana

Mr Mikhail loa nō i haʻalele i kona mau haʻawina ma ka laau lapaau, a, e hoʻomaka kākau 'oihana ma ka kākau' atikala no kūloko nūpepa. Kona moʻolelo mua,ʻo ia pau i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1919. I ka hooilo o 1919-1920 ka mea i palapala kekahi mau Humorous Ka Honua Nei a me nā moʻolelo. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea, "i ka waiwai auhau i ka mahalo," i kāna moʻolelo o ke alanui clashes mea i hanaia i ke Kanawai Kaua, a me kaʻOiʻenehana ma Kiev.

moʻolelo keaka wale ka hana keaka

Bulgakov koke mua White hoʻomaha mai Vladikavkaz, seriouslyʻino me relapsing kuni. He loaa i loko o ka luawai o ka 1920, ka wā o ka Army Red i noho mua i ke kulanakauhale. Mai laila, hoomaka ae la i ka mea kākau moʻolelo no ke kōkua 'ana me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Komite, he subdivision o na akamai, kākau no ka Ingush a Ossetian troupes paani, hōʻikeʻana i kona mau manao i ke kipi. Ka mea, he wale kekahi i kekahi-lā manaʻo pīhoihoi, a ua hanaiaʻano nui ma ka mea e ola mahope aku o ka pilikia manawa. Vladikavkaz Bulgakov nā manaʻo i lewa ma kona kaulana puke "memo a pau ma luna o ka cuffs."

Neʻe maila i Moscow

Mua i loko o Tbilisi, a laila, i loko o Batumi Bulgakov ka manawa kūpono e emigrate. Akā, uaʻike nō ka mea, he ia e kokoke ana i ka poʻe i keia pilikia manawa no ke aupuni. No laila, i ka 1921, Bulgakov neʻe i Moscow. Mai ke kupulau o 1922, i ka 'atikala ma lalo o kona kilo i Konakele. Mau ma Moscow nā puke a me nā nūpepa. Ke satirical (essay) a me pepelu lewa i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ke kia-hoʻokahuli aupuni lehulehu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea o ka palapala, ai 'satire i nouveaux waiwai-nepmen, a kapa aku la ia "i ka scum o ka NEP" (pōkole moʻolelo "Cup o Life" a me ka "Trillioner"), e like me ka me ka haahaa nui o ka moʻomeheu o na hoa o ka heluna kanaka: bazaar poʻe kālepa, nā kupa o Moscow kanaka, ke kaiāulu, bureaucrats? Aaiuo a me na mea e ae. Mr Mikhail memo a me nā hiʻona o ka hou manawa. I kekahi o kona mau pepa (essay) ma laila ke keiki o ka haumāna (e like me ka hōʻailona o ka hou LIKE), e hele ana ma ke alanui me ka hou knapsack.

"Kahi ona e hua"

"Kahi ona e hua paha" paʻi i ka makahiki 1924, Bulgakov. Hana Hou, i ka papa inoa o i ua hāʻawiʻia ma lalo iho nei, he mea hiki ole ke manao wale me ka haʻiʻana mai i kēia moʻolelo. Kona hana iʻula a loko o ka mamao mana wā e hiki mai, nui kaʻoi loa, i ka 1928. A laila, NEP hualoaʻa lilo'ē aʻe, a me he ala ikaika i loko o ka hae o ke ola ana o ka heluna kanaka. Peaches, ke kumu nui meʻe o ka moʻolelo, ua i ka loaʻa nui i hiki ke lawe nui pomaikai i ka manaʻo kanaka. Akā, i loko o nā lima o ka arrogant, kalaka nui-literate kanaka, a me ka nascent bureaucracy, ka pua i ka communism kaua , a hou hooikaika i loko o nā makahiki o ka NEP kona kulana, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole mea he pōʻino. 'Aʻole wale nō peaches, akā, i aneane pau na koa o novels Bulgakov 20s ole. Ma na hana o Bulgakov ia i imi e lawe i ka mea heluhelu i ka manaʻo o ka unavailability o ke kālā no ke kaiāulu kanaka, eʻae hou nā loina o ka hoahanau nānā 'ana i ka mahalo no ka hana, kaʻike a me ka moʻomeheu.

"Holo" a me "Lā o turbines"

Ma ka hana keaka "lele" a me "Lā o turbines" (1925-1928 makahiki), ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kākauʻia i ka mea e pau ai ka ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi Aupuni ma ke Kanawai War iʻenemi i ka pilina. Nā huapalapala o kēia mau hana i typical ka poeikohoia o ka ai-kapaia "hou ka pilina" nana Apo aku la ia i ke kipi mua, a cautiously paha ma ke akea kaua e ku e ia ia. Mr Mikhail nānā iā ia iho e like me ka hou, ahu iho, like me ka Humor, kakau iho la ia ma kona hiʻona 'atikala "Capital i loko o ka puke noke."

Ke plight o ka mea kākau moʻolelo

Pane maʻalahi i ka lawelawe loli, au i manao ai i ka hewa, kanalua iho la i ka pono o na ana, akā, i i hooki i ka manaoio i loko o kanaka, i loko o kanaka Bulgakov. Hana Hou, he papa inoa o ka a mākou mōhai, ua lewa. Ka mea, nīnau me ia, a ua hoano e ka huapalapala ma kana mau hana, a i halawai me ka noʻonoʻo loi unkindly. Ka ho'āhewa wale ma luna o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o 1929ʻoi loa. Ka mea, i wehe mai i ka loa a pau o kona mau hana keaka: "ulaula Island," "Lā o turbines" a me ka "Zoyka keʻena". I loko o ka pilikia kulana, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hoʻoholo i kākau i ka palapala i ke Aupuni, i noi i aeia mai ai e haʻalele i ke aupuni. Mahope o ka kamailio ana me Stalin, ma hope i i kohoia Bulgakov ka luna hoʻokele o ka Moscow Art Kino me ka hoalawehana. Re-iʻikeʻia ma luna o ke kuʻina o ka hoʻomanaʻo o Bulgakov ka hana keaka, a ma hope o kekahi manawa - a hou-enactment o ka "make ula" (Bulgakov).

na hana a pau, i ka papa inoa o i ua hōʻike ma lalo nei, e helu i loko o kēia 'atikala, ma kekahi mea, mai kahi e hiki ike i ka hope o 1927 ma ka puka, aole ia e hōʻike i kekahi hou laina o ka mea kākau, e like me ka mea, ua he lâlâ o ka papa inoa o banned. I loko nō o kēia, Mr Mikhail i haʻalele i ka hale. Ua mea ma ko kakou aina i hana mai i na hana o Bulgakov a pau. Papa Inoa o ka makahiki o ke kākau 'ana a me ko lakou mau inoa i kapa a hiki i ka hopena o ka' atikala.

"Ka Haku a me Margarita"

I ka makahiki 1933, ka mea kākau moʻolelo ho'āʻo i ka hoolaha i kekahi puke i i "Life o Monsieur de Ka Moliere" ma ka hopena ua "ola o auʻau poʻokela 'People", akā, hou manao ole. Up a o kona make ana, Mr Mikhail ua hou ana, e hoolaha aku kā lākou mau hana. Keia manawa, ua hoolilo hana ma luna o ka huina hoonui o "ka Haku, a Margarita" puke, i lilo kekahi o na e piʻi like nui loa i loko o ke ao nei o ka Aina, o ka 20th kenekulia. I ka hana i 12 makahiki o ke ola Bulgakov.

I kakahiaka nui wale o ka huina hoonui mea ia ia insufficiently holomua, no laila, i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, hoi hou a hou aku la ia i kona mau huapalapala, i kāna hana, a hele mai me ka hou, e hoohuli. Wale i ka 1932, ka puke loaa moʻolelo completeness.

Ma nā makahiki, Bulgakov, nae, a hoomau iho la oia i ka hana, nō i paʻiʻia. Ua wawahi iho, a me ka mea i alakai ai i ka exacerbation o ka mai, a me ka mahope koke make. Bulgakov make ma March 10, 1940, a ua kanuʻia ihola ia ma Moscow, ka Novodevichy ilina.

Papa Inoa o na hana o Bulgakov me nā lā

moʻolelo:

- "memo ma luna o nā cuffs":

• 1922 - "Na kekahi Hawaii o Kauka", "Red Crown", "Night ma ke kolu o ka helu";
• 1923 - Chinese mōʻaukala "," kaua "," memo ma luna o nā cuffs ";
• Makahiki 1924 - "La Boheme."

- "Notes o kekahi keiki kauka":

• Ka makahiki 1925 - "bapetizo huli", "Aigupita pouli";
• 1926 - "kāwele me ka moa", "blizzard", "Missing Eye", "Starry poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole", e like me e pili ana i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka moʻolelo, "I make";
• 1927 - e pili ana i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka moʻolelo "Morphine".

kakau iho la Mikhail Bulgakov kekahi mau hana. Ka papa inoa o ka moʻolelo, mai a mākou i helu 'ia ma mua, kumukanawai a novels a me ka hana keaka.

novels:

• Makahiki 1924 - "The White poʻe kiaʻi";
• 1962 - "Ka Life o Monsieur de Ka Moliere";
• 1965 - "Notes o ka mea i make";
• 1967 - "Na Kumu a me Margarita".

Radio:

• Ka makahiki 1925 - "Zoyka keʻena";
• Ka makahiki 1925 - "helu mahina lima";
• 1926 - "Lā o turbines";
• 1930 - "Ka Cabal o ka poe hookamani";
• 1955 - "Alexander Pushkin";
• 1962 - "E holo";
• 1965 - "Ivan";
• 1965 - "Kamehameha Jourdain";
• 1966 - "oluolu";
• 1977 - "Batum";
• 1986 - "He Kane Hewa '";
• 1986 - "Kaumakaiwa ula".

Mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE puke i haku ai i hana Bulgakov. Hana Hou, he papa inoa o ka a i a hooku iho la ia oe i ole kaupalena i ka luna. Here mākou i ole komo satires, 'atikala, (essay), a me kekahi mau hana' ē aʻe, e kiʻi ike me ia i makemake e maikaʻi kēia.

Film ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hana o Bulgakov, i ka papa inoa o i i hoakaka ia ma luna, i hana mai i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka wahi lulu, a na nā hoʻohua. Ka loa kaulana Auana ka hoʻololiʻana o "ka Haku, a Margarita" - Alexander Petrovich, George Curry a me Vladimir Bortko, hana i loko o Rusia.