Nā Papahana O Kaʻimi naʻauao ike

Man ike i ke ao nei i loko o nā 'ano apau loa - i loko o ka palapala o ka maʻamau o ka ike, o ka ike o ka haipule, noʻeau, a me kaʻepekema. Ka mea mua ekolu 'ano apau loa i manaoia like me ka ole-iao?, A me naʻe ulu scientificʻike mai o ka maʻamau, ano, ia mea me ka nui loa okoa mai a pau ole-iao?' Ano apau loa. 'Epekema ka ike i ka' ole i loko o i nā pae i kilakila: empirical a me kaʻimi naʻauao. Iloko o ka XVII-XVIII kenekulia 'epekema ka mea, uaʻano nui ma luna o ka empirical ke kahua, a hoomaka ae la e olelo e pili ana i kumumanaʻo wale nō i loko o ka XIX kenekulia. Nā Papahana O Kaʻimi naʻauao ike, a pili ia i ana i ka hulina study o ka ike maopopo i loko o kona nui kānāwai a me ka pili 'o Randy, ua kūkuluʻia ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka empirical. Akā, e like mamua keia, empirical a me kaʻimi naʻauao haʻawina a pau i loko o ke kokoke loa AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, A laila'ōlelo akula i ka piha 'ole o ka' epekema ike. Ma keia manao, mai ai mai 'epekema kāu kiʻina hanaʻimi naʻauao ike, i ka poe like empirical iaoia wehewehe aku cognition. I ka Ia manawa, kekahi o nā kiʻina hana i hoʻohana ma empirical ike a me kaʻimi naʻauao ke kahua.

Ka walaʻauʻanaʻepekema ano o kaʻimi naʻauao kiʻekiʻe o ka ike

Abstraction - he iaoia e ho'ēmi i kā ka neʻe ikiʻana o kekahi waiwai o ka mea i ka manawa o ka ike ma ka mea i oi ma-hohonu study o kekahi i kekahi o kona aoao. Abstracting i ka hopena? Acoeueoao e e, e hoʻoikaika i Hōʻuluʻulu manaÿo e emi iho i ka mea mai kekahi pana pua.

Analogy - noʻonoʻo hopena e pili ana aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka mea, i ka mea i olelo ia ma ka kekahi hiʻohiʻona, ma muli o kā lākou similarity i kekahi'ē aʻe i ka mahalo.

Hōʻikeʻia nani - he papa hana i ua muli ma luna o ka loina o ka similarity. Kona Mānoa, he wahi ia o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ua i olohelohe ia lakou i ka mea ia ia iho a me kona mea like (substituent ÷), a laila, ua hoololiia ka loaaʻikepili e like me kekahi mau rula i ka mea nona iho.

Idealization - noʻonoʻo no? Ieoaeunoaa (? Ieoaeunoaa) ma luna o nā mea o theories, manaÿo mea e ole maoli nei i ka ike maopopo aʻaʻole hiki ke hookomo i loko o laila, akā, ua mau no ka i ka ike maopopo he mea he kokoke mea like 'ole prototype.

Ka Ikepili - Ano o ka mahele ana i ka a pau i loko o māhele ma ka mea i ike i kēlā me kēia wahi kaawale.

Hoʻololi kemikala - Ke Kaʻina Hana inverse Ka Ikepili, iloko olaila i ka ai pili aku i ke kanaka hehee wale i loko o ka hoʻokahi'ōnaehana me ka AIM o hou ike.

Hoʻokomo - he papa hana ma i ka auoiaea hope loa ua i mai o ka ike i loaa i kekahi degere uuku o ka generality. E kau wale, hoʻokomo - he ana, mai ka kekahi a hiki i ka mau.

Nui - ke ku pono o ke hoʻokomo hana, a i kaʻimi naʻauao kohoʻia.

Formalization - hana o ka hōʻike maʻiʻo ike i ka palapala ana o na hoailona a me nā hōʻailona. Kumu o ka formalization o ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻimi hoʻopunipuni a me ka kūlohelohe 'ōlelo.

A pau kēia mau ki ina hana like o kaʻimi naʻauao ike i ka loli iki ana degere, hiki e hoʻomaopop 'a me ka empirical ike. Historical a Logical ano o kaʻimi naʻauao ike - mea i koe. Ka mōʻaukala iaoiaeii mea i nā'ōlelo i loko o au mamuli o ka mōʻaukala o ke kiʻi. No ka mea, ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka mōʻaukala sciences, i mea o ka nui o ka maopopo kekahi hanana. Logical iaoia kekahi reproduces ka moʻolelo, akā, holo nōhie, i ka papa kuhikuhiE a me ka nui,ʻaʻole ka uku nānā i ka hana a me nā kūʻiʻo, a i ke kumu ma ka accidental ana.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole i nā kiʻina hana o kaʻimi naʻauao ike. Nui e olelo ana, i ka 'epekema ike o nā kiʻina hana hiki ke hōʻike i ka ia manawa i loko o kokoke alu like' ana me kekahi i kekahi. Ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ana o ke kanaka ki ina hana like hoʻoholo' ana i ka nui o ka 'epekema ike, e like me nā hiʻona o ke kiʻi, kaʻina.