'O ka cementation o ke kila - ke ka'ina hana technology a me kāna wehewehe. 'O ka leitima o ke kila ma ka home

Ia carburizing kila mea he kaʻina hana i ua ma muli o ka Nine Inch-thermal aaioee. 'O kona kumu i loko o ka ho'opili'ana o ka mahele o kēia mea me ka nui o ke kalapona i ka wā i ho'onāuki'ia ma kahi'ano.

'O ka leka o ke kila. Ke kumu o kēia hana

'O ka hana nui o kēia ka'ina hana,'o ia ka ho'onui'ana i ka papa o luna o nā mīhini a me nā kumukū'ai me ka nui o ka carbon, a'o ka hapeneka o ia hihia he 0.8-1.1%. 'O ka hopena o ia hana, ma hope o ka ho'oikaika'ana, loa'a i kahi ki'eki'e o ka pa'akikī o ka mea i loa'a,'oiai ke pa'a mau'ia kona pa'apa'a. 'O kēia nā'ano ko'iko'i o kēia hana.

Ka nui

Ma muli o ka mākia o ka ikaika o nā mea ulu, he mea ma'amau ka'ike'ana i nā papa nui'ekolu o nā mea i ho'opili'ia:

• Me kahi kumu pa'akikī. Ma keia pae nā mea lama lepo pipili no hoi Steels kalapona, like 10, 15, 20. E hoʻohana i ia i loko o au mamuli me ka poe uuku a nui, a malootvetstvennymi hana. I kēia hihia, ma lalo o ka'anu'u kūlana, i ka wā o ka'anuhi'ana, ua ho'ololi'ia ka'enera i mea ho'okomo paila.
• Me ke po'o ua pa'akikī pa'akikī. Ka pūʻulu nā chromium haahaa oka a kila ahi e like me 15X, 20X. Ma'ane'i, ka hana hou'ana me ke kōkua o nā mea li'ili'i vanadium li'ili'i e hō'oia ana i ka hana'ana i ka palaoa maika'i loa, i hiki ai i ka holomua o ka laulili a me ka viscosity o ka mea.
• Me kahi'ano pa'akikī pa'akikī. Ho'ohana'ia nā pū o kēia hui ma ka hana'ana o nā'āpana i loa'a kahi'āpana o ka'āpana nui a i'ole ka ho'onohonoho kūpili, a ua ho'ohuli'ia ho'i e nā hopena ko'iko'i ko'iko'i a i'ole ia i nā pilikia nui. Ho'omaka lākou i ka nickel (12mp2Н4А, 12ХНЗА, 20mpН). Ma muli o ka loa'a'ole o kēia mea, ua ho'ololi'ia kekahi manawa e ka manganese, a ua ho'okomo'ia ka li'ili'i o vanadium a me Titanium i ka palaoa.

Ma ke'ano laulā, ho'ohana'ia ka hana'ana i ke kila no ka ho'okumu'ana i ka māhele ki'eki'e o ka pa'akikī pa'akikī o ka mea hana, a me ka ho'okō'ana i ke kūpa'a o ke ki'eki'e, i hana'ia e ka ho'ohana'ana i ka lā'au wela ma hope o kēia hana.

He aha nā mea kiko'ī no kēia hana?

Ho'ohana'ia ke kila le'ale'a no nā huahana nei:

- kona kapa ;

- "manamana lima";

- nā'ona;

- axes;

- leverage;

- "nā ilo";

- Ho'ohui'āina (nā apo nui a me nā huila), a pēlā aku.

Nā hana hana

Inā he mau'ano like'ole o nā mea i'ōlelo'ia, a laila, no kēlā me kēia o lākou ka ho'ohana'ia'ana o ke'ano pono o ka hana i hā'awi'ia. Ma ke'ano he kūmole, hiki ke ho'opili'ia ke kila kila ma lalo o nā'ano like'ole a me nā wahi, a ma kahi pāhao pa'a no 850 a 950 kekelē Celsius. No laila, ua māhele'ia kekahi mau'ano o kēia hana:

1. ka hana ho'olālā e hana'ia ana i loko o ka pōhaku makamae. I kēia hihia, hiki ke ho'ohana i nā mea lā'au (nā iwi holoholona, ka lā'au, a me nā mea'ē a'e) a me ka coke e hui pū me nā mea hana. 'O ka ho'oulu'ana o ka kalapona ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena. 'O ka ho'ohana'ana i nā mea ho'onāuki ma kēia hihia e kōkua ana i ka holomua maika'i a me ka wikiwiki. He kūpono kēia hana no ka loa'a'ana o ka hohonu hohonu. He kūpono ia no ka hana'ana i nā hua kila. Eia nō na'e, he hana ko'iko'i kēia hana, pono ia i nā lilo nui o ka hana, ka manawa a me ka ikaika.

2. ka hana hana ho'opili ma lalo o ka mana o ke kinoea. Ma kēia'ano, he mea ma'amau ke ho'ohana'ana i nā kinoea ho'omehana (kūlohelohe, ka nui, a me nā mea'ē a'e) ai'ole ke'ano o nā kinoea iner (nitrogen). Ke hilina'i nei ia i ka mana'o o kēlā me kēia. Ma waho carburising kila-ma muli kinoea ua ua loaʻa me ka uuku pakeneka o aliphatic paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons, propane paha alkanes. 'O ka hapanui o kēia'ano hana ho'ohana'ia i ka hanana nui, akā, he kumukū'ai ma ke'ano kālā. Ho'ohana'ia kekahi'ano like i ka hanahana wela. I kēia'ano, ua ho'okomo'ia nā huila o nā pū'ali-nui-molecula (e like me ka'opihuki, alcoolyl ethyl, etc.) i loko o ke kiln rotary, a, i ka manawa, ua hiki iā ia ke kākau i lalo o ka mana o catalysts (nickel).

3. Ka hana o ka lawe wai. Ho'ohana'ia ia i loko o ka cyanide a me ka wai holoi cyanide. Loa'a i kēlā me kēia wahi nā'ano pono'ī, nā pono a me nā mea'ino'ole. 'O ka la'ana,'a'ole i kapa'ia nā cyanide baths i mea'ole. Ho'opili'ia lākou he mau mea halihali weliweli no ka'ōlohelohe, akā no nā kānaka. No laila, i ka hana'ana me ia mea, pono e ho'ā'o e mālama i nā mea palekana i kaupalena'ia e pale i nā hopena maika'i'ole. Akā,'a'ole i mana'o'ia ke'ano e pili ana i ka wai non-cyanide no ka mea e alaka'i'ia ai i ka haumia haumia'ole o ke kaiapuni a e nui ai ka pō'ino. 'O kēia mau'ano, inā ho'ohana'ia lākou i ka hana, no ka loa'a wale'ana o nā li'ili'i li'ili'i o ke kāpili.

Ho'oma'ama'a heatū i nā mea i ho'omo'a'ia

He mea nui loa kēia hana i ka hana'ana i nā'āpana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,'oiai ma hope o ka hana'ana,'a'ole i loa'a i ka huahelu he pi'i ki'eki'e o ke kūpa'a a me ka hilina'i. No laila,'o ka hopena hope loa i kēia hihia,'o ia ka hana ma ka pa'akikī a me ke kukui. Ho'ohālike'ia ka papa hana pa'akikī e kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona a me nā waiwai. Ho'ohālike'ia ka papa hana ho'opuni lā'au a pau e ka ulu'ana o ka ulu, a'o kona ho'iho'i'ana i kēlā me kēia'ao'ao,'a'ole like ia a ua pau i ka'ole. No laila, ma ka hana, ua'ike nui'ia nā paepae o ka huki'ana, e kū ana kēlā me kēia mea ma lalo o kekahi mau'ano wela.

Ka Hopena

Ma ka heluhelu'ana i luna nei, hiki iā mākou ke'ōlelo aku he mea nui ka hui'ana o kēia hana i ka hana'ana i nā hua kila. Na kēia hana e ho'okūpa'a ikaika i ka papa honua o ka māhele. Me kekahi mau akamai ma kēia wahi a me ka loa'a'ana o nā mea pono a me nā mea pono, pono e ho'okō'ia ke kinui o ke kila ma ka home.