'O ka pīpī Baking: ke'ano makika. 'O ke kumuhana kālaihana o ka waiu paila a me kāna noi

Malia, i loko o kēlā me kēia hale e waiho'ia ana ka soda - he'ōma'oma'o ma'amau me kahi mea lepo. Ho'ohana nā wahine wahine i mea 'ai no ka kuke'ana. Akā,'o ka āpau o kāna noi'ana he laulā loa ia e hiki ke kāhea'ia ke kino i mea kōkua ma ke ao holo'oko'a o ke kanaka. Akā, he aha ka mea'ona? Pehea nā'ano e ola ai a pehea pehea e ho'ohana'ia ai i ka ola o kēlā me kēia lā?

Nā inoa o ka lepo

Ma mua o ka huli'ana i nā mea kinona o ka waiū, he mea kūpono e kapa'ia kona inoa - "soda", ua lawe'ia ka waiwai mai ka inoa o ka mea kanu solyanka soda,'o ka lehu o ia mea he puna wai.

I loko o ka kemikalū,'o ka soda ka inoa nui o nā pa'akai o ka sodium carbonic acid:

• Na ₂ CO ₃ (paʻakai kalepona) - Nine Inch haʻilula o ke soda lehu;
• Na ₂ HI ₃ · 10H ₂ O - holoi soda;
• NaHCO ₃ - (baking soda). 'O kēia ke'ano o nā mea hana ma'amau o ka soda baila;
• Na ₂ HI ₃ · H ₂ O 'ole Na ₂ CO ₃ · 7H ₂ O - Nine Inch haʻilula aniani soda.

Ma ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, a me ka'oihana'enehana, nui nā inoa kūpono no ka waiwai:

• Ka wai'u wai'u;
• Ka wai inu wai;
• Sodium bicarbonate;
• Ho'ohui hou Е500;
• 'O Sodium decahydrate.

'O ke kumu ho'opili

Ke Nine Inch haʻilula o ka (baking soda) - NaHCO _3. Kēiaʻakika ka paʻakai o carbonicʻakika. Inā mākou e ho'ohui i nā mea'eneki honua o kona mau mea ho'ohui'āina, loa'a iā mākou kahi'ōmomi'āpana o ka hooda e like me 84 a. E.

'O ke ala i hana'ia ai he mea ma'alahi. 'O ka mea hana'ele'ele o ka mea'ai nalu ka mea pilina nui o ka sodium hydroxide me ka acidic carbonic:

NaOH + H ₂ CO ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O.

I ke kula o ka'alekiko, ka mea sodium bicarbonate he pa'akikī o ka cation sodium a me ka anionalionalionate. Ke ho'okomo'ia kēia mau mea i loko o ke kino, ho'oponopono lākou i ka pale wai-base, me ka pale'ana i ka nui o nā waikawa i loko o ka mea wai.

Ho'opili'ia ka waiu

'O Na2CO3 ke kumuhana makika o ka lehu lepo. 'O ka'ōpala i hō'ili'ili'ia he mea ke'oke'o a hiki'ole ke hō'ike'ia ma ke'ano o nā granules (A) a me ka pauma (B).

'O kēia'ano soda he nui nā hi'ohi'ona e ho'omaopopo ana i ka lehu lehu mai ka'ai.

1. PH o ka'ōnaehana. 'O nā'āpana'elua a me nā pulu lepo ka alkali, akā'o ka mea mua he nāwaliwali, me ka pH = 8, a'o ka lua - ikaika, me ka pH = 11.'O ke'ano o ka mea ho'ohemo ma'amau ka hō'ike'ana i ke'ano o ka'ōnaehana.
2. Ke kumu o ka noi. Ho'okomo'ia ka lepo o ka'aila ma ka'oihana mea'ai, cosmetology a me nā lā'au lapa'au. Ho'ohana'ia ka'āpana hana i mea'oihana ho'oma'ema'e maika'i.

I loko o ka hale me ke kōkua o ka lehu lehu, hiki iā'oe ke:

• E holoi iā'oe ma ka ho'ohana'ana iā ia i mea holoi lole;
• E holoi i nā papahele, akā no ka laminate a me ka paquet e hana'ole kēia mea hana, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hō'ino i ka uhi;
• Eliminate pipe paipu;
• No ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana i nā huahana mai ka pilina.

I ka ho'ohana'ana i ka lehu o ka paila, pono'oe e maka'ala nui, no ka mea he lā'au'awa'apu ke kino, no ka hui'ekolu o nā mea lā'au weliweli.

Nā'ano kino o ka wai'u paila

'O ka sodium bicarbonate he lepo powdered i ke'oke'o ke'oke'o. 'O kēia he pa'akikī o nā māmā o ka sodium, hydrogen, carbon and oxygen.

By he lepo lā paʻapū like me 2,16 g. / Knm ^3.

I ka wā o ka mahana aiao ^o 50 -60 ^C. waiwai hoʻomaka e hehee.

'O Sodium bicarbonate, ai'ole ka wai'ūpuku, i hō'ike'ia ma ke'ano o kahi lepo maloo. He ma'alahi ka wai. 'A'ole ka māmā. 'O ke kumu hana ho'ohālike o ka wai inu wai like ia me ka'ai.

Ka hopena wai

'O ka mīkini pa'akū'au kahi mea'ale'a loa i loko o ka wai, e ulu ai i ka hopena waipa'a. Ho'ohana'ia ia no nā mea ma'amau i mea e holoi ai i ka waha waha.

'O kēia'ano kumuhana'ele'ele o ka hopena waipa'a:

NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O = H ₂ CO ₃ + NaOH.

'O ka wai puna o ka soda he palupalu pa'akikī.

'O ka sodium bicarbonate ma loko o ka waiwaena kūpa'a e ho'oka'awale i ka ho'ohui'ana i nā oona nei:

Na ₂ HI ₃ ↔ 2Na ^{+ +} CO3 ^2-

Nā wai o ka soda e like me ka alkali

E like me ka mea i'ōlelo mua'ia,'o ka sodium hydrogencarbonate he mea ola. 'O kēia mea e pili ana i ka ho'ohana'ana o ka waipū e like me ke'ano o ka pale'ana i ka wai'alahi ka nui o ke kino, i ka'ōpū. 'O nā mea ho'ohālikelike e hana ana i ke kino he hopena maika'i.

Ho'onui'ia ka pono o nā pu'upa'a i ka Soda, no ka mea, ua ho'oku'u'ia ka urine i kahi'āpana alkaline. Eia kekahi, e ho'omau i ka nui o ka nui o ka glutamine AK i loko o ke kino, e pale ai i ke'ano o nā papa pōhaku ma nā pu'upa'a.

Kūkulu ka honua āpau i ka ho'onui'ana i kekahi mau huaora o ka hui B: B1, B4, B5, B6 a me B12.

Ke ho'ohana'oe i ka soda no ka'ōhumu maika'i, ho'ohui'ia me ka waiū wela. Ho'omaopopo kēia i ka mea ma loko o nā mea li'ili'i o ka huihu'u soda me nā wai amino o ka waiū, e'ike'ia i ka'ike'ana o nā pa'akai sodium o nā amino acids, a he'ano'ano kānana. 'O kēia mau amino āpika i'oi aku ka maika'i ma mua o ka palahu, komo i ke koko, a ho'onui i nā hale mālama alcalino o ke kino.

'O ka mea kanu caustic

'O ka mea ma'amau o ka'ale'a momona'o NaOH. Ke'ano o ka hana: Na -'O - H.

Ho'ohana'ia ka mole mole o ka waiwai me nā mea'eneki'āpana, e hana ana i nā mea ho'ohālike Na,'O a me H. He like me 40.

Ho'ololi pono ka Caustic i ka wai.

I ka'oihana e pili ana i kēia'ano waipa'a, ho'ohana'ia nā inoa ma lalo nei:

• Kāpena caustic;
• Sodium hydroxide;
• 'O ka hydrate o ka sodium sodium.

I ka hana'ana me ka soda caustic, pono pono ke ho'ohana i nā mea pale pale, no ka mea i ka wā e pili ai i ka'ili, waiho'ia ka wela nui.

Ho'ohui'ia me ka vīneka

'O ke kumuhana hana'ele'ele o ka vīneka a me ka soda ka hopena ho'opi'i'ana, kahi i ho'okumu'ia ai ka wai, carbon dioxide a me acetic acids.

'O kēia mehana "'ike" kahi i ho'ohui'ia me kahi'ano kūlike, e hō'ike ana i ka ho'omaka'ana o ka "puhi" o ka waiu.

Hana'ia kēia hana ma ka'oihana kuke, ke mana'o lākou e kāwili i ka paila palaoa no ka kuke'ana. Pa'i 'ia ka waina no ka hopena ma 9%. Hiki ke ho'ohui'ia ka waimonona i ka wai lemon, ka'ōmole a i'ole ka waina wini.

No ke aha he aha e hana ai i kēia hana i ka ho'omākaukau'ana i ka ho'ā'o? 'O ke kumu,'o ke kalapona carbon dioxide i hua'ia e ka ho'ohemo'ana o ka soda e hō'ike ana i ka nani.

Ho'omākaukau'ana i kahi waiwai

I ka lawe'ana o ka soda mai ka lehu o ka mea kanu ma ka pa'akai. Currently i ke kumu no ka makaukau o keia waiwai o ka maoli paʻakai sulufahate. 'O ka pane o ka ho'omākaukau'ana penei: ma kahi ma ka'ao'ao'ākau e hō'ike'ia ke'ano o ka ho'ohehe'e'ana o ka waipū:

Na ₂ ¶ ₄ + 3C + 2O ₂ = 2Na ₂ CO ₃ + CO ₂ + 2SO _2;
CaCO ₃ + C + Na ₂ ¶ ₄ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + 4CO + CaS.

Ka ho'ohana'ana i ka waipū paila

He kaulana loa'o Soda i nā lā a pau,'a'ole wale'o ka mea kanu. Akā, e no'ono'o nui kākou i nā hihia i ho'ohana'ia ai ka soda.

1. No nā mea ho'omaka, he mea kūpono ke ha'i hou'ana he'ai ka mea'ai i ka mea'ai ma ka'oihana'ai. 'A'ole kona pō'ino i ka ho'ohana'ana: i ka wā wela, hiki i ka waiwai ke ho'oku'u i ka'awa kalapona carbon dioxide, a'o ia ho'i ka hā'awi'ana i ka'elike lele. I kēia'ano, hana ka soda e like me ka lapalapa pa'i. Akā inā'oe e kū'ai i ke'eke me kahi mea'ai pākena'ai i loko o ka hale kū'ai, a laila ma luna o ka hō'ailona i ka laina ho'okūkū e hiki ai iā'oe ke'ike i ke kahi o ka waipū, i kapa'ia he mea'ai mea'ai E500.
2. E ho'ohana i ka soda a no ka hana'ana i ka mea inu wai.
3. Ho'ohana pinepine'ia ka soda i loko o ka lā'au "folk" i kapa'ia. Ma kēia wahi, he panacea ka soda no nā ma'i a pau, e like me ka la'ana, ua hō'oia'ia kona hopena me ka umauma āpau, ka ma'i, me ka pu'u kaumaha, ka'ōpū, ma kahi ki'eki'e wela.
4. 'A'ole maika'i ka hō'ike'ana i ka soda a me ka mea ho'oma'ema'e. Hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana ia mea no ka ho'oma'ema'e i nā plumbuna, nā pāpale alumini, nā kī'aha, nā kāpena, ke kālā, a no ka holoi'ana i nā lole. He lā'au maika'i maika'i loa ka mea'ino'ino a me ka mea hō'ailona.
5. He nui nā wāhine e ho'ohana ana i ka soda no ka mea ho'onani a me nā mea la'au. Hiki ke ho'ohana'ia e like me ke kāpili no ka'ili. Hiki i ka huahana ke pale pono i ka'ili'ele'ele o nā wāwae inā ho'ohana'ia no ka holoi bath. Me kona kōkua'ana, hiki iā'oe ke ho'oku'u i ke'ala o ka hou ma nā kāleka a me nā kāma'a.

E kōkua ana i ka'ono a me ka niho. He ala ma'amau a maika'i loa kēia. Ho'opili'ia ka lepo o ka hooda i ka mea hana kai a me ka wai a me nā hana'olu'olu e palu i kou mau niho.

Caustic Soda: Ka noi

E ho'ohana pū'ia kēia'ano soda me kekahi mau mea palekana, no ka mea, he alkali ikaika ka'aila e hiki ke "'ai" i nā'ano'ano he nui.

No ke aha e hiki ai i kahi cure cure i loko o kahi noho kaiaulu maika'i?

1. Caustic maika'i loa me nā'ano pokepuni'ole ma nā ipu. Akā, e'ae'oe i ka ho'ohana'ana i kēia mea hana no nā huahana o ke alumini a me Teflon. Akā, no nā ipu'ē a'e, nā pans a me ka kuke'ana -'olu'olu. 'O ka Nagar, ka'ele'ele, ka momona o ka momona o ka momona - me nā mea a pau e ma'a mau ai i ka caustic.
2. Hiki i ka caustic soda ke ho'oponopono i ka pilikia o nā paipu i'ōwili'ia. E pono'oe e ho'opiha i ka mea'enela ma ka paipu a waiho wale no ia no kekahi manawa, a laila holoi me ka wai holo.

'O ke corrosive soda,'o ia ho'i ka soda pūpū, ua pili like'ole ia i ka pae'oihana'oihana o nā'ano hana.

1. I ke kūkulu'ana. Maanei ua ho'ohana'ia ka waiwai no ka hana'ana i kekahi'ano o nā mea hale, a he'ano mea hou ho'i e ho'oikaika ai i ke kumu o nā kahua.
2. I ka'oihana'ai. Ho'ohana pū'ia ka soda caustic i ka hana'ana i nā mea'ai. 'O ka'oia'i'o, i kēia hihia, ho'ohana'ia ia i ka nāwaliwali. Me kona komo'ana, koko kalo a me ke kokoleka, ice cream, caramel, ka mea i'oki'ia i ka palaoa, ho'ohana'ia'o ia he mea ho'okomo Е524.
3. Kālepa Kupa. Ma kēia māhele, ho'ohana'ia ka soda caustic i nā mea e holoi ai a no ka ho'oponopono hou'ana i nā huapalapala.
4. Hana hana'enehana: ho'ohana'ia ka soda caustic i mea ho'ohemo waiū, kahi mea ho'oma'ema'e no ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana o ka'aila a me nā huahana e pili ana. 'A'ole hiki i ka hana'ana o nā'enehana hana ke hana'ole me ka ho'ohui'ia o ka soda caustic. Eia kekahi, he mea ho'ohehe'e maika'i ka soda caustic no kekahi mau kumuhana kino.
5. Ho'ohana'ia ka soda caustic a no ka hana hamo i ka hana'ana o nā'ano hawewe, shampoos a me nā gels.

Ke ho'āhu'ia'ana o ka soda: ho'ohana

Ho'okomo'ia ka'aila i kapa'ia he lole. 'O nā'ano kūikawā o kēia mea ho'ohana i ho'ohana'ia ma ka Soviet Union, no laila, hiki iā'oe ke'ōlelo: ua ho'ā'o'ia ka soda liniko.

Ho'ohana'ia ka mea hana ma nā'ano ma lalo nei:

1. I ka wā e holoi ai i nā mea.
2. Ke ho'oma'ema'e i nā papa o nā tile, nā mea lera, ka hana.
3. Ke ho'one'e i ka pa'i'ana i nā paipu.
4. No ka ho'ohemo'ia'ana o ka paona ma nā pahu o ka holoi lole, a me nā ipu.
5. No ka luku'ia'ana o nā'eke'eha i nā kīla'au.

Mai ka mea i luna, ua'ōlelo'ia ka hopena:'o ka soda he mea lapa'au ma'amau i ho'ohana'ia ma ka hapanui o nā wahi o ka noho'ana a me ka'oihana ahupua'a.

'O ke kūlana maika'i o ka waiwai, hiki ke kū'ai'ia no kahi penny.