'O Silicon dioxide. Ka mākomo i ke'ano, nā ala e loa'a ai, ho'ohana

Silikone'okikene lua (Nine Inch haʻilula: SiO2, ka silica i) - mea he colorless mea pōaka, glassy a amorphous mea. Kēia mea pōhaku i loko o ka palapala o ka pōaka one ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kūkulu, i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Nine Inch huahana a me ka Radio, ma ka maunakea kūkuluʻia, a he nui nā hana.

Ka ho'oka'awale'ana i ka silica ma ke'ano

'O ka Silicon dioxide ka mea i loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua i ke'ano o nā hui me nā mea'enela'ē a'e (i kapa'ia he granites) a me ke'ano o silicates, he hapa o nā pōhaku. 'O ka'enela ma'amau ka nui ma ke'ano, he quartz, cristobalite, chalcedony, tridymite, opal, lechatelerite (quartz glass). 'O nā kulika quartz maika'i ka mea i kapa'ia he "quartet". Me ka mālie'ana o nā pōhaku, ua ho'okumu'ia ka quartz sands,'o ia ho'i, i ho'ohui'ia, i alaka'i'ia i ke'ano o quartzites a me nā one one.

'O ka pōhaku poli ka quartz purest, a me ke kapa'ole. E hiki i kāna mau kilo'elepa ke kaumaha i nā haneli hemi a hiki i kahi lō'ihi o nā mika. Hiki i nā'āpana ke hō'ano'ia me nā'ano'ino'ole i loko o ka'elima (amethyst), ka'ōma'oma'u (citrine),'ele'ele (morion), ka pume. Ma ke'ano, aia kekahi mau'ano quartz cryptocrystalline: nā'ula'ula-'ele'ele carnelian,'ōma'oma'o-apple chrysoprase, nā sapphire bluish, jasper-ke'oke'o, nā'onika a me ke one, a me nā momona.

'O ke'ano o ka "noble" opal,'o ia nā pu'upu'u like'ole colloidal me ke anawaena o ka 0.2 μm. Ho'opili'ia kēia mau'āpana i loko o nā agglomerates i kauoha'ia, aia i loko o ka ho'okahi o ho'okahi wai wai (ma ka hapanui o nā opal - e pili ana i'ehiku hapahā). Hiki i nā waihona kūlohelohe o ke kiciki dioxide ke hana i ka diatomaceous, e ha'alulu. O ka mea pōhaku i kūkuluʻia leho o diatoms, na kino iwi o kekahi huahuakai. He hapa ia o nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu - e like me ka'ohe, ke kele, ka'ohe.

Pehea i hana'ia ai ka silicon dioxide?

Hiki ke loa'a iā SyO mai ka SiO2 ma:

- ma ka hana o ka hydrochloric (HCl) ole sulfuric (H2SO4) nāʻakika no ka paʻakai silicate, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - i loko o nā wailana silicates (keia mea i ka papa kuhikuhi hana i loko o ka ulu 'aina);

- ho'ohana i ka silicium dioxide colloid (ma ka ho'ouka ai'ole coagulation ma lalo o ka hana o F-, Na + ions);

- ma ka hydrolysis o ka fluoride silicium SiF4, ka tetrachloride ketrachloride SiCl4, tetraethoxysilane (C2H5O) 4Si, ke kinona mauluulu (NH4) 2SiF6 ma ke'ano malo'o, e like me ka ammonia aquelo a me nā mea'olu'olu (i kekahi manawa me ka ho'ohui'ana o nā kumuhana waiwai a me ka hanana).

Hiki ke loa'a ka Silicon dioxide amorphous:

- mai ka diatomite a me ka trefoil;

- ma ke kālepa o ka husiki;

- ka'ōmole quartz kaomi.

Loa'a'ia nā paona'alala anhydrous:

- ho'ohana i ka'umekau ahi.

- ma ka hydrolysis a me ka'okesaside ka ohu nā mea kemika pyrogenic ka silica i a me ka silikone fluoride;

- i ke puhi'ana i ka pua o ka tetrachloride SiCl4 i loko o kahi hui o O2 a me H2.

Pehea e ho'ohana'ia ai ka silica dioxide?

- ho'ohana'ia ka silica maoli i ka hana'ia'ana o nā huahana mai ka porinela, ka pāhao, nā pālolo, nā pōhaku'ala silikino, nā mea kani, nā mea'aha'aina, nā kī'aha, nā aniani kilokila;

- Ke ho'ohana'ia nei ka silica laulima ("white soot white") e like me ka mea hana i ka hana'ana i nā palapona;

- ua loa'a i nā kenekene kenekene kenekiona ka ho'ohana i loko o ke kelepona'enekini (nā'eneke, nā mea'enehana ho'olālā hou, resonators), i loko o nā'onikelectronics a me nā'ōnaehana holo'oko'a, nā mea kū'ai, a me nā mea hana akamai;

- Ke ho'ohana'ia nei ka pōhaku pōhaku a me ke kinikona'enehana dioxide e like me nā mea kūpono no ka ho'okomo'ana i ka'āpana quartz, ka quartz single crystals, quartz fibers a me nā mea kālai. I ka manawa, ua ho'ohana'ia nā mea'enera a me ka quartz i loko o ka'oihana palekana, nā mea akamai, ka'enekekini a me nā'oihana'ē a'e. Pōaka Ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka loleʻia, welaʻana, a me ka pōaka olona, - e hana i kekahi puluniu-optic nenoai o ka' ike hoolilo a me ka launa pu, laina.