Nā pele o ka lā'au kalapona. 'O ka ho'ohana'ana i nā pa'akai o ka'aila kalapona

'Oi aku ka waiwai nui o ka'eneka Inorganic i ka'oihana'enehana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he mau mea'oihana lākou no ka nui o nā hamele, nā papahana catalyze, hana ma ke'ano he mau wai malo'o i ka malo'o a pēlā aku.

Eia na'e,'oi aku ka waiwai o ko lākou pa'akai - nā huahana o ka pani'ana i ka hydrogen no ka mea ho'ohehe'e'ia i loko o ke mele'ana o kā lākou molecule. 'O ka'aila Carbonic ma kēia'ano he mea kūikawā. Ma hope o nā mea a pau ma ona iho ia kokoke hakuʻole, i ka lewa koke decomposing i loko o ke kalapona'okikene lua a me ka wai. Akā,'o nā'ona carbonic e like me nā pa'akai i'ike'ia e ke kanaka mai ka manawa kahiko. Ua kaulana lākou i nā hanana he nui a me ka'oihana. E no'ono'o kākou.

'O ka pa'akai'o Carbonic acid: ka ho'ohālike'ana

'O ka mea mua, e hō'ike koke'ia ke'ano o nā mea i nīnau'ia. 'O ka mea i ho'ohana'ia ai nā inoa a pau a ho'ohana'ia a hiki i kēia lā, i hō'ili'ili'ia i ka wā kahiko a i'ole ka mea'ole, a me nā'ike ma ka rational nomenclature. No laila,'o nā pa'akai o ka'okikona kalapona, ua kapa'ia lākou penei:

• 'O Carbonates;
• Nā Bicarbonates;
• 'O Carbonic;
• 'O Bicarbonate;
• 'O Bicarbonate.

A no ka mea, ua loa'a i kēlā me kēia inoa kona inoa pono'ī, he kanaka ho'okahi.

I nā hua'ōlelo i'ōlelo'ia ma luna nei, ua hō'ike koke'ia ka ho'ohālike'ana o nā pūnaewele i mana'o'ia. Ma muli o ka li'ili'i o ka waikiki,'elua kona'ano pa'akai:

• Pāku'u;
• 'Oka.

Ho'ohui'ia nā inoa o nā mea i hope i ka ho'ohui o ka hydro- a'o ka bi-. Loa'a i nā pa'akai a pau o ka'alakalina alakalina a'alikai paha he pūhui nui e pono ai nā po'e i kā lākou hana ho'olālā.

Ka mo'olelo o ka'ike a me ka ho'ohana

Mai ka wā kahiko,'ike nā kānaka i nā pa'akai o ka'alekinic acid. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka'āina'o'Aigupita kahiko, ua hana'ia ke kūkulu'ia'ana me ka pākīpika, ka alabaster, me ka hana'ana i ka pōhaku kila a me ka marble.

Nā hana a Pliny the Elder i ha'i i ka mākaukau hanahana o ka loa'a'ana o ka lime ma ke kāhea'ana i ka hana ku'emaka. 'O ka hana kaulana kaulana o ke ao -'o nā pyramids - ua kūkulu'ia me ka pāpale a me nā mea i loa'a mai. Mai nā'ōpena lehu i loa'a ka'aila a ho'ohana'ia no ka holoi'ana i nā kapa, a ma ka hamo.

'O ia,'o ka ho'ohana'ana i nā huahana i hā'awi'ia e ka mea maoli,'o ka po'e i'ike i nā wā a pau. Akā,'o ka'oia'i'o, he pa'akai lākou o ka wai'ona carbonic, he aha ka mea i kūkulu'ia, pehea e hiki ai ke synthesize ia mau mea, a me nā'ano'ē a'e'ē a'e, i'ike'ia ma hope aku, ma nā makahiki XVII-XVIII.

I kēia lā, nui nā carbonates o nā metale alkali a me nā alakalina-honua e ho'ohana nui'ia, a'o kekahi o ia mau mea he mea nui ia i ka hana o ka holo'ana o ka wai.

Nā'auwa'a i ke'ano

Wahi a ka pakeneka pakeneka, o ka mineral i nīnau'ia e lilo i 5% o ka nui o ka nui o ka lepo o ka honua. Ua hana'ia lākou ma waho, he pōhaku. Eia kekahi, nui nā'ati i hana'ia e ka ala hydrothermal.

'O nā huahana, nā mollusks a me nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu e kāko'o i ka hana'ia o carbonates biochemically. I ka manawa pinepine, loa'a nā pa'akai o ka'aila kalapona i loko o ka hui'ana o nā ores, me ka hui pū'ana me lākou ma ka hana'ana i nā hoa.

'O nā minela momona a me nā pōhaku o kēia mau pūnaewele:

• Ho'opā;
• Dolomite;
• Papa;
• Māla;
• 'O ke kaha kau;
• Gypsum;
• Magnesite;
• Kani;
• Malachite.

Nā'ano hana ho'omākaukau a ho'ohana

Kapa'ia nā pa'akai o ka carbonate carbonates (ke pili i nā ho'ololi ma'amau). Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka kalepona ion ua pono ia i komo i loko o kā lākou haku mele' ana o kona haʻilula o CO ₃ ^2-. No ka ho'opiha'ana i ka nānā piha o ka pa'akai,'o nā mea ho'ohui kila a me nā ha'awina e hō'ike ana i ka mea i'ike'ole'ia ke'ano o ka waihona. Ho'ohana'ia kēia i nā'ano hana ho'okolohua no ka loa'a'ana o kēia mau mea.

Ma hope o nā mea a pau, me ka ho'ohui'ia'ana mai nā punawai kūlohelohe, hiki ke ho'opili'ia nā pa'akai carbonate ma ke'ano kū'ai, hui a me nā ho'ohālike. Eia na'e,'a'ohe kumu kūpono o ia'ano, no ka mea, ua li'ili'i loa ka hua o ka huahana a me ka ikaika.

'Auhea ka ho'ohana'ana i nā pa'akai o ka'aila kalapona ma kēlā mau wahi? No kēlā me kēia mea he kanaka ho'okahi, akā i ka mea nui, hiki ke koho i kekahi mau lālā kumu.

1. Ka hana hana.
2. Nā'oihana mea kanu.
3. Ke hana'ia o ke aniani.
4. Ho'oponopono ke kahu.
5. Ke'ano o ka pepa.
6. Nā'oihana mea'ai.
7. Hana i ka ho'oma'ema'e a me ka holoi'ana.
8. 'O ka'elemona carbonates ka kumu o nā'elela mau i ke kino o nā mea ola.

E no'ono'o kākou i kekahi mau hi'ohi'ona o ka carbonates, ka hana a me ka hi'ona.

Ka pōhaku carbonate

Me ua i haiia ae maluna, i ka waiwai - he kumu o ke kalipuna Ion Ca ²⁺ ma ke kanaka kino. A he mea nui loa kēia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hana lākou i ka mālama'ana i ka palekana o ke koko o ka pahū, he iwi o ka iwi, nā kui, ka lauoho, a me ka ikaika i ka niho.

Me ka nele o ka pa'akikī, nā ma'i e ulu ana, e like me nā mea'ino e like me ka'ōpū o ka na'au, osteoporosis, ho'ololi ho'ololi i ka lelo o ka maka a me nā mea'ē a'e.

Eia kekahi, ho'ohana'ia ka carbonate calcium i ke kūkulu'ana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,'o kāna mau'ano like'ole:

• Papa;
• Māla;
• Ka palena'āina.

He nui nā waihona o kēia pa'akai i hiki'ole i ke kanaka ke'ike i kahi pau i loko. Ho'ohui pinepine'ia ma kahi'ano ho'oma'ema'e i ke'ano o nā papa, e like me ka ki'i ma lalo nei. Eia na'e, no ka mālama pono'ana i ka calcium, pono ka'ike'ana o ka mau huamaila D.

'O Carbon Sodium

'O nā pa'akai o ka carbonate - carbonates - he mea nui ia i ka ho'onui'ana o ka home o kekahi kanaka. No ka laʻana, paʻakai kalepona, a me ka paʻakai kalepona, i na ua kapaia soda. Akā na'e,'a'ole kēia he mea nui i ka ho'omākaukau'ana i nā mea like'ole. 'A'ole, ua ho'ohana'ia kēia pa'akai no nā hana o ka home no ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana i nā hale o nā mea'ai: nā pā holoi, nā kulu, nā ipu a me nā mea'ē a'e. 'O ia ka mea i'ike nui'ia he'aila i holoi'ia a holoi'ia paha, ho'ohana'ia ia i ka hana ulaula, hana hana kopa.

Ke haʻilula o na hui Na ₂ CO ₃ * 10H ₂ O. kēia koʻana koko paʻakai meakino attributable i ka mea pōaka hydrate. Ma ke'ano, e hana'ia ma ke'ano o nā kolamu a me ka ho'ohui'ana i nā pōhaku. Nā hi'ohi'ona:

• Kūlana;
• Nakholit;
• Ke kahawai natal.

I ka manawa pinepine e hele mai i ka moa, ko lākou lehu. 'O kēia'ano hana i ho'ohana'ia i ka wā kahiko e loa'a nā'ōko'a no ka hana'ana i nā kopa a i'ole e holoi wale i nā lole. 'O kahi kanu nui loa i loko o kēia pa'akai ka soda. Hiki ke'āpono'ia ka lehu no ka hana'ana o ka sodium carbonate.

'O Potash

Haʻilula paakai o carbonicʻakika, me ia i ka inoa, - K ₂ CO _3. He pōhaku ke'oke'o, maika'i, paipa hygroscopic. 'O ka pa'akai anhydrous, kahi maika'i loa ka solubility. Ua'ike'ia kēia pilina e nā kānaka no ka manawa lō'ihi, a ua loa'a ka laulā ākea i kēia mau lā. 'O Synonyms o ka inoa:

• Kalepona pāpona;
• 'O Potash;
• Ka carbonate pāpona.

'O nā wahi nui o ka ho'ohana'ana e like nei.

1. E like me ka mea hana i ka hana'ana o ka'ōmole wai.
2. No ka hō'ailona o ke aniani a me ke aniani opio, ke aniani kilokilo.
3. No ka ulana lole.
4. E like me nā mea kanu no nā mea kanu.
5. I loko o ka'oihana hana - e ho'emi i ka mahana anuanu o nā huila hale.
6. I ke kūlana ki'i.

'O ke kumuhana'oihana'oihana no ka loa'a'ana o kēia pa'akai ka mea electrolysis o ka calcium chloride. A pau keia hydroxide ua hanaʻia, a me ka reacts o carbon dioxide , a 'ano apau loa potash. 'O nā mea'oko'a kūlohelohe,'o ia ka lehu o ka palaoa a me nā'ale, kahi e nui ai nā mea.

Ka wai inu wai

ʻakika hou paʻakai o carbonicʻakika mea i emi nui ma mua o ka awelika. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, paʻakai bicarbonate, nona ka haʻilula NaHCO _3. Kekahi o kona inoa, maikaʻi ike ai i nā mea a pau - (baking soda). Ma kahi waho, he ke'oke'o, maika'i ka'ala, kahi wai ma'alahi i ka wai. 'O ka pūpū, i ka wā i ho'onā'ia, he kūpa'a'ole, a laila e ho'oku'u koke'ia i carbon dioxide, wai, a me ka pa'akai waena. 'O kēia ka mea hiki ke ho'ohana i ka waiuhu paila i mea mālama i loko o ka'ōlohelohe o nā meaola ola.

Aia kekahi mau mana'ē a'e no kēia pili:

• Mea'ai (kahi ho'olaha i ka'oihana);
• 'Oihana (no ka mālama'ana i nā ahi me nā waikawa);
• I loko o ka hana ma'amau i ka hana'ana i nā plastic, nā waiū, nā moho, nā waiwai ukana hale;
• I ka mālamalama a me ka'enehana'enehana (ka'ili'ana i ka'ili, ka ho'opau'ana i nā lole silk, etc.);
• Hana'ia i ka hana'ana i nā wai inu carbonated a me nā'ano kī'aha hanu;
• Ho'opiha'ia ka sodium bicarbonate i nā mea puhi ahi.

'O ka'ōko'oma'o kalo

He mea nui kēia pa'akai'ale'a o ka wai'ona carbonic i ka holo'ana o ka wai kai. Hā'awi'ia kēia pūnaewele i ka ho'okumu'ia o ka pa'akikī li'ili'i o ka wai, ho'opau'ia ma ka'ōpaila. I kēia hihia,'o ka calcium bicarbonate ka mea e ho'onohonoho i nā ho'ololi o ka carbonates i ke'ano,'o ia ho'i,'o ia ke ka'awale. Ke haʻilula o keia hui - Ca (HCO _{3) 2.}