'O Russian pūnaewele ho'opuka kālā. 'O Federal Law of the Russian Federation "Ma ka Pūnaehana Ho'olimalima'Oihana"

Ua ho'okumu'ia nā kāleka kālā kālepa aupuni o ka Russian Federation ma muli o ke kānāwai Pekelala 112 o Mei 5, 2014. 'O ke kumu o kona kūkulu'ana,'o ia ka hō'oia'ana i ka loa'a, ka maika'i a me ka ho'omau'ana o ka ho'olako'ana i nā lawelawe e pili ana i ka ho'oili'ana i nā kālā. E no'ono'o hou e pili ana i ka hana'ana o nā kāleka hō'ai'ē aupuni o ka Russian Federation.

Ka mō'aukala

Ua ho'omaka'ia ka hana'ana o ka System Payment System i ka makahiki 1990. I ka 1992 ka mea i paʻa interbank Luna Hooponopono me ka oihana mua o STB Staff. I ka makahiki 1993, ua ho'okumu'ia ka pūnaehana uku Card Card. I ka makahiki 1999, ua hui'o ia i 457 mau hui kālā a me nā māhele. Ua hā'awi aku ka po'e pūnaewele i nā kālā'oi aku ma mua o 3,000,000. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1993, ua ho'okumu'ia ka Golden Crown. Ma ka makahiki 2014, ua ho'okomo'ia kēia pūnaewele hō'ai'ē e 87 mau'eke i ho'opuka aku i nā palapala'ewalu miliona. I ka malama'o'Okakopa 1994, ua ho'okumu'ia ke Kōmike Kūkā. 'O ke kumukū'ai o kona hana'ana no Moscow GTU o ke Bank of Russia. Ua ho'okumu'ia ke Kōmike, ma ka mea mua, no ka'ike pono'ana i nā pilikia i loko o nā kūkulu kuhā waena. 'O kēia ka mea e hiki ai ke ho'ololi maika'i i ka ho'opau'ia'ana o nā pilikia, e hā'awi aku i nā loiloi me nā'oihana palekana e pili ana i ka pilina'ike. 'O kekahi o nā kuhikuhi ko'iko'i loa o ka hana a ke Kōmike ka hana a me ka ho'omaika'i'ana i ka palapala kimeka ma Moscou.

Nā mea e pono ai no ka ho'ona'auao'ana

Ke ho'ākāka nei i ka'ike o ka honua, ua hō'oia ka Moscow GTU i ka hopena he loa'a kūpono kūpono'o Rusia, ma o ka ho'ohana'ana i nā hana o ka honua, mua o Farani, e hele i kahi ala pōkole. No ka hana'ana i kēia, he mea pono e ho'ohui i nā hana o nā hui kālā. Ua'ike'o Moscow GTU i kona kuleana ma kēia hana i ka ho'ohui'ana i nā hana a nā mea komo i ka ho'okumu'ana i kahi pūnaewele palapala'āina i Moscow. Eia na'e,'o ka hapanui o nā hui pūnaewele nui loa i loa'a kahi pūnaewele o nā lālā ma nā wahi like'ole o ka Russian Federation. Inā ho'okomo lākou, e loa'a ka'ōnaehana uku i kahi palekana o ka'ekalesia.

Pā'ulu Hui

Lālau aʻela ia i loko o ka mooolelo o kaʻikena kulana, GTU Moscow e hoʻololi i ka pulakaumaka o kona hana i loko o ka hooko kino o ka Bank o Rusia. 'O ka hui hui ma luna o nā papahana'oihana he iwakālua. Ma waho a'e o ka Bank of Russia, ua pani'ia lākou no ke Kula Nui Pūnaewele'o Moscow, ka Hui o nā Hui Pū'Ia Pū i loko. Ma waena o nā lālā o ka Hui Hana Kahi ka hui nui loa o ka'āina. 'O kēia mau mea i komo pū me Sberbank, Agroprombank, Incombank, SBS-Agro, a pēlā aku. Ma ka Hui Hana, hana pū ka FAPSI Agency, a'o ka lehulehu o nā lālā o ka'aha kālā i loko o ka mana.

Nā Hana o ka Pā'ina Hui

Ua ho'okau'ia nā hana o ke kino i nā hana ma lalo nei:

1. Ka ho'onui'ana i nā palapala kope o ke Kumukānāwai o Rusia, e hō'oia ana i ka ho'ololi a me ka ho'ohana'ana i nā mea hana'ilika no ka hana'ana i nā hana kālā ma ka Russian Federation.
2. Ka ho'onui'ia o ke System System Payment System.

Ua ho'olālā'ia ka pepa o nā palapala a ho'ouna'ia i ka ho'oponopono'ana i ka Bank of Russia. Ma hope (ma hope o ka pau'ana o ka Hui Hana), ua ho'opau'ia a'āpono'ia. 'O kēia palapala ka hana mua i ho'oponopono'ia ai ka System Card Payment Card (NTSK). No ka lua o ka ho'opuka, ua hā'ule ka hana o ka Hui Hana i ka waena o 1996. I kēia manawa, ua hele ka kino i ke kahua o ka ho'omohala'ana a me ke kūkulu'ana i kahi papahana pilo, a ma ia mea e hana'ia ai ka System System Payment Card. 'O ka NSCP, e like me ka po'e kauka o ka Monetary World Monetary, e $ 5 miliona. Ua lawa kēia mau kālā no ka ho'okō'ana i ka pūnaewele. Ma lalo o nā'ōlelo o ke kālā kālā, 50% o kēia kālā i ho'oka'awale'ia iā lākou, a'o ka hapalua o ka hapalua e ho'okomo i ka RF mai ko lākou mau kumu. 'O nā lālā hō'ailona e noho ana i ka Hui Ha'awina i kēlā manawa ua makaukau e ho'olimalima i ka 50% o ka papahana. Ua hō'oia lākou i kā lākou'aelike me nā leka aupuni. Akā, ma muli o ka ho'oholo'ana o ke alaka'i o ka Bank of Russia i ka no'ono'o'ana i ke kūkulu'ana i nā wahi'ē a'e no ka ho'olālā'ana i ka pūnaehana uku, ma ka waena o 1996, ua ho'opau'ia ka hana'ana o nā hui'ē a'e ma lalo o ke Kōmike Kū'oko'a, a me ka Pū'ulu Hui. Ua ho'onohonoho nui'ia nā hana ho'omalu i ka ho'okumu'ana i nā papahana no ka ho'oili'ana i nā kālā nui a me nā'oihana nui me ke kālā.

2000

I mea e pono ai ke kuhi'ana o Russia no ka ho'omaka'ana o ka hana, pono'ia ke kulekele ho'olālā. I ka manawa o ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kūkulu'ana i nā papahana'a'ole ia. Ma kēia'ano, i ka makahiki 2000. Ua hala kekahi mau kānāwai. Eia na'e, ua hā'ule kekahi mau kumumana'o nui ma ke'ano o ka'āpono'ana i nā kūlana. I ka manawa e hiki mai ana,'a'ole e kū hou ana ka hana o ke kālā no ka papahana. Eia na'e,'a'ole hiki i nā kālepa ke hele mai i ka mana'o ku'una e pili ana i ka mea e loa'a ai ka waiwai mai ia mea. 'A'ole makemake nui kahi makamae e'ae i kekahi hui. Ua loa'a i kēia pū'ulu nā waiwai nui mai nā komisina no ke kālepa'ana i nā'oihana. 'Oiai ke kūkākūkā'ana o nā Lūkini, ua māhele'ia ka māhele e nā polokalamu hō'oia'ana o ka honua SystemCard a me Visa. Ua ho'okumu kekahi mau'oihana kālā kālā i nā hui kaiaulu. Ua ho'olako'ia nā mea kū'ai o kēia mau moku i nā ATM o ka'ahahui holo'oko'a. 'O ka pū'ulu nui loa'o "United Settlement Network". Ho'oili'ia nā ATM o kahi o 100 mau batu.

'O Russian pūnaewele ho'opi'i: i ka manawa e hiki mai ana

I ka makahiki 2010, ua ho'okō'ia ke kūkulu'ana i ke kānāwai Pekelala e ho'oponopono ana i ka ho'olako'ana i nā lawelawe aupuni a me nā'oihana lehulehu. Ua'ōlelo'ia kona mau kumuhana e ho'omaka ana ka pūnaewele hō'ai'ē o Russia no ka ho'omaka'ana, a'o ka ho'oponopono'ana i nā hana ma ka'āina'ē e pāpā'ia. Eia na'e, ua hō'oia kēia mea i nā mana'o o nā lālā o ka'Amelika'Amelika ma Moscow. Ua maopopo iā lākou inā inā e waiho'ole'ia ka bila no ka ho'ololi'ole'ia, e lilo ana ka MasterCard a me Visa i ka mākeke me nā loa'a o kahi $ 4 biliona. Ma kēia wā i nāʻelele i mele telegram, kakau i kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe kivila kauwa o Amerika. Ma ka'ōlelo, ua'ōlelo'ia nā limahana e ho'ohana i nā hālāwai me nā hoahana mai ka Russian Federation i mea e ho'oikaika i ka hopena no ka ho'ololi'ana i ka bila. No laila, e ho'olako'ia nā mea e mālama ai i nā pono o nā hui o'Amelika, a'o ka hiki ke hō'ino aku iā lākou e ho'oku'u'ia. Ma ka hana i pa'i'ia,'a'ohe mea i pāpā'ia ma ka hana'ana i nā hana ma ka'āina'ē.

FZ "Ma ka Pūnaehana Ho'onui Kū'ē'Ana"

Ua ho'ohana'ia i ka makahiki 2011. FZ "Ma ka Pūnaehana Uiwaiwai Kū'oko'a" e wehewehe ana i kahi kikowaena e like me ka ho'onohonoho'ana o nā mea hana e hana ana i nā ho'oili kālā. Ho'okumu ke kānāwai i nā kumumana'o, ho'oponopono i ka hā'awi'ana i nā lawelawe kūpono. Ua hō'ike ka papa hana ma'amau i nā rula e pono ai ka Pūnaehana Ho'oponopono Uila. Ua ho'okumu'ia ka papahana o ka pūnaewele ma muli o nā koi i hō'ike'ia ma ke kānāwai. Ma muli o kēia, ua ho'oholo'ia ke kauoha, e like me ka mea e mālama'ia ai ka nānā'ana a me ka ho'ohui'ana. Eia na'e,'a'ole i mana'o'o Federal Law i ka ho'okumu'ia'ana o kahi palapala kāleka'ohana a me ka hō'ole'ana i ka hana'ana o nā'oihana Lūkini ma waho.

Nā Palekana Nui

Ua hānai'ia lākou i ka makahiki 2011. 'O kēia mau ho'oholo e pili ana i ka hana'ana o kahi kāleka'onika loli, me ka'ole o ka ho'okomo'ana i nā papahana Kāne Kumu Kulanui a me nā pūnaewele Visa ma kēia hana. Ma ka manawa ho'okahi, ua ho'ohiki'o Sberbank e hana i nā mea e hō'oki ai i nā "lobbyists o kēia pūnaewele i nā mana Lūkini." Ma ka makahiki 2013, ua ho'okumu ke Central Bank i puke inoa o nā mea hana. Ua ho'okomo'ia nā pūnaehana hō'ai'ē i hana'ia ma Rūkia i loko o kēia pūnaewele. Ma waena o lākou kekahi mau mea pilikino ko'iko'i. Aia ma waena o lākou,'o: Contact, VTB a me Sberbank pūnaewele, Golden Crown, MasterCard, Visa.

2014

I Malaki o ia makahiki ho'okahi, ua ho'ohui'ia'o'Amelika Huipū'ia e kū'ē i ka Russian Federation no ka ho'okomo'ana i ka Crimea hope loa. "MasterCard" a me "Visa" no ka manawa'elua o ka mō'aukala i kāpae ai i ka lawelawe'ana i nā kāleka o kekahi mau'auwa'a home i kekahi mau ATM a me nā puka waho o ka pūnaewele waena. Ma kēia'ano, ua kū hou ka nīnau i ka loa'a'ana o ka pūnaewele uku'āina a ka Lūkia. Pono'o Russia i kāna kikola pūnaewele, kahi kū'oko'a i ka moku'āina o ka honua. Ma kēia'ano, ua ho'omaka'ia ka ho'omākaukau'ana i kekahi mau ho'ololi i ke kānāwai i kau'ia. Pono lākou e kōkua i ka'ike a me ka ho'opau'ana o ka hana i ka hana'ana i ka ho'oili kālā i loko o ka Russian Federation. 'O kēia ke'ano o ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana a me nā kikowaena hana - nā haumāna o ka System Payment System - pono e ho'onoho'ia ma ka'āina o ka'āina. I ka manawa like, ke kānāwai nei ka pāpā'ana i ka'ae'ana a me ka ho'oili'ana i nā'ike i nā'āina'ē no nā'ike e pili ana i nā hana kūloko i ka Russian Federation. Ma ka hopena o Malaki 2014, ua ho'omaka kahi kūkākūkā kūkākūkā i ka ho'okō'ana i nā kūpono kūpono. Ua'āpono'o Pelekikena Vladimir Putin i ke kūkulu'ia'ana o ka National System, e ho'oholo ana e ho'omaka i kona ulu'ana a me kona ho'okomo koke'ana.