Oiaio pāʻoihana - aha i keia? Ka waiwai a me ka haku mele 'ana

Ma ke ano maoli, aole i kokoke ole maemae waiwai. Ma kekahi mau mea, e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka palapala o nā mea huihuina i mea hiki ke ho okumu i kekahi homogeneous a heterogeneous kahua.

No oiaio pāʻoihana

Oiaio pāʻoihana - he ano o lūlū aku iā nenoai ua kiekie ae ikaika ma waena o ka lakou hoopuehu meakino, a me ka poe i hoopuehuia'ku a pae.

Kekahi Nine Inch hiki ke loaa nā pōaka o okoa nui like 'ole. Ma kekahi hihia, ka mea e loaa i ka ia kipi 'ole: ka ionic paha hakakino aniani puka olu oia.

noho male '

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka noho male 'ana i loko o ka wai o ka mānoanoa o ka paʻakai koloriside a me ke kō i, a me ka ho okumu ana o hakakino ion pāʻoihana. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka degere o fragmentation, i ka waiwai e e hiki no:

• hiki macroscopic (particles) e mea nui ma mua o 0.2 mm o;
• microscopic (particles) me ka huna nui emi o 0.2 mm o, ka mea hiki ke hopu me ka microscope wale.

Oiaio a me ka colloidal pāʻoihana oko i loko o ka huna ka nui o ka solute. ʻike makaʻole i loko o ka microscope na nā pōaka kapaia colloidal (particles), a me ke kūpono ke ano ua kapaia colloidal pāʻoihana.

pāʻoihana pae

Ma na hihia a pau, i ka oiaio pāʻoihana - ua mamala (poe i hoopuehuia'ku a) 'ōnaehana he homogeneous ? Ueo. Ka mea, haawi aku he ana paa pae - liʻiliʻi ia meakino a me ka hoʻokaumahaʻia (particles) kekahi shape a me ka nui (i hoopuehuia'ku a pae). He aha ka ka okoa colloids mai ka oiaio nenoai?

Ka papa likeʻole o ka nui o na (particles). Colloid-lūlū aku iā nenoai noʻonoʻo heterogeneous, mahope mai o ka malamalama microscope he mea hiki ole, e huai ae i ka pae palena.

Oiaio pāʻoihana - o ka Lolina, ka wā i loko o ka papa waiwai o loko o ka palapala o ka Ion a me nā lātoma. Ka mea, no i ka hookahi-pae homogeneous pāʻoihana.

E like me ka elue ke kahua o ka liʻiliʻi iā nenoai ia mea, noonoo ae noho male 'ana o ka lakou hoopuehu meakino a me dispersible waiwai. No ka laʻana, paʻakai koloriside a me ka sucrose, insoluble ma ka benzene a me ka kerosene, i loko o ka'ūheheʻe no ia mea, e ole hana colloidal pāʻoihana.

Na Mea Maluna lūlū aku iā nenoai

Pehea maheleia lakou hoopuehu? Oiaio pāʻoihana, colloidal nenoai wehewehe aku ma kekahi mau mea kiko'î.

Aia pa alima lūlū aku iā nenoai i loko o ka hoʻopiha noho ana o ka meakino, a me ka liʻiliʻi iā pae, i ke kahua o kekahi AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o lākou.

ano o ka

Aia hoi he mau laupaʻi ano o ka particulate mea. Kuhikuhi līkaia no ke degere o ka lakou hoopuehu. Kēia waiwai i ka inverse o ke huna nui. Ua characterizes i ka helu o ka (particles) e hiki ke waiho i loko o ka lalani i ka mamao o kekahi kenimika.

Ma ka hihia, i ka wa a pau (particles) i na ia nui, ua hana ka monodisperse kahua. I ka dissimilar (particles) i hoopuehuia'ku a pae i hana polydisperse kahua.

Me ka mea, ua hoʻonuiʻia e māhuahua lakou hoopuehu waiwai keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ana i loko o ka interphase ili honua. No ka laʻana, mahuahua ka hana i ho'ākāka 'ili kahi o ka liʻiliʻi iā pae maoli he physico-Nine Inch' ole o ka meakino ma ka mau 'ana o nā kūlanaʻelua.

Lolina o lūlū aku iā nenoai

Ke kaumaha ma muli ma a pae e e solute, līkaia no kekahi mau nā kinolau lūlū aku iā nenoai.

Aerosols - lakou hoopuehu ma a ka liʻiliʻi iā meakino i loko o ka gaseous palapala. Ohu - heʻehu ka wai a hooauheeia lakou pae. Ka uahi a me ka lepo ua loaʻa paa liʻiliʻi iā pae.

Hua i kinoea lakou hoopuehu i loko o ke kinowai waiwai. Ke kinowai me ka hua lālā i ka Film i hookaawale kinoea Oe.

Emulsions kapaia lūlū aku iā nenoai, ma kekahi wai a ua haawi ma ka buke o ka mea 'ē aʻe, me ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma loko o laila.

Wehe ole slurry - he haʻahaʻa-lakou hoopuehu'ōnaehana ma a paa (particles) i ka wai. Colloidal pāʻoihana a me Sol ka wā i ke koʻana koko lakou hoopuehu ua kapaia hydrosol.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka alo (kaawale) ma waena o (particles) o ka liʻiliʻi iā pae Ua kaʻawale 'ole svobodnodispersnye svjaznodispersnye nenoaiu. Ka mua pūʻulu nā liozoli, aerosols, emulsions, Wehe 'ia mai. Ma ia nenoai, i hui 'ma waena o na (particles), a me ka lūlū aku iā pae. Ka mea, neʻe me ka palena ma ka pāʻoihana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka umekaumaha.

Svjaznodispersnye nenoai e ala aʻeʻoe i loko o ka hihia o ka hui 'ana me nā (particles) o ka liʻiliʻi iā pae, kūpono ana ma ke kahua i loko o ka maka aha' ole paha? Aieao. Oia colloidal nenoai i kapaia gels.

Kaʻina gelling (gelation) He Aloha No-tuko pīlali huli ana ma muli o ka wahi ho Sol ua kuu iho kumupaʻa. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike svjaznodispersnye nenoai nā Wehe 'ia mai, emulsions, me ka pauka, hua. O hoʻi nā i ka lepo, i hanaʻia i ka naoh o ke aloha (humic waiwai) a me ka lepo nā minelala hao.

Capillary-i hoopuehuia'ku a nenoai mea he paa nui o ka mea i permeates capillaries a me ka ili. Lakou manaoio i ka'aʻaʻa, okoa membranes, lāʻau, pepa, pepa.

Oiaio pāʻoihana - he homogeneous'ōnaehana iloko olaila a mau eiiiiiaiou. Ka mea hiki nei i loko o kekahi mau Hawaii o ka aggregation nā'uheheʻe. Ke'ūheheʻe Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka waiwai ia i oi. Na ke keʻena i lawe i ka lawa ole mea, noonoo iho la solute.

hiʻona pāʻoihana

Hard oka a i kekahi pāʻoihana ma i ka likeʻole i eliiaʻi hana e like me ka lakou hoopuehu meakino, a me ka ke keʻena. Mai ka mea hiki wahi o ka hoomaopopo, maikai hoihoi i ke kinowai ai nā mea huihuina ma i ke kinowai hana me ka'ūheheʻe.

No ka mea he nui'okanikaʻole nā'uheheʻe o ua hoihoi ka wai. Ua aneane manawa maoli pāʻoihana ua i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻohuihui wai me (particles) o ka solute.

Mawaena o ka ke aloha i huiʻia i maikaʻi loa nā'uheheʻe loaʻa nā kēia mau pono hana: ethanol, metanola, benzene, kalapona tetrachloride, acetone. Aie i ka chaotic noi o nā lātoma a me Ion o solute ke keʻena hapa naeaeaa ia lŘlŘ i loko o kā lākou kākoʻo pāʻoihana, ho okumu ana o ka hou homogeneous nenoaiu.

Nā waiwai oko i loko o kā lākou hana, e hana i ka pāʻoihana. Kekahi i e hui me kekahi i kekahi, i loko o kona palena mea. Lakou i mea hoike o ka noho male 'ana i loko o ka wai o na nā pōaka o ka paakai.

Ke ae pā o ka noho male 'ana kaʻina hana, mai ka oiai ua ike mai o hakakino kinetic kumumanaʻo o ia ma hope o ka pōkole i loko o ka'ūheheʻe o ka paakai nā pōaka ma ka dissociation o kona paʻakai cations a me koloriside anions. Papa mai (particles) hana he oscillating ana, i ka hookui ana me na (particles) o ka'ūheheʻe hele aku ai a hiki i ka hoʻololi o na Ion ma ka'ūheheʻe (paa). Ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaʻina pili a me ka 'ē aʻe (particles) lukuʻilikai, aniani paakai mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai. Maholahune ke hāʻawi i particulate mea ma ka'ūheheʻe ka leo.

Ano o ka oiaio pāʻoihana

Ka oiaio pāʻoihana - he kahua, a ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau ano. Aia He He Mea Maluna o ka nenoai no ka wai a me ka 'ole-koʻana koko'ūheheʻe ma ka nānā aku. Ka mea, i kekahi hoʻolaha e like me kaʻano o ka solute i ka mekala 'åkilikai,ʻakika a me ka paʻakai.

Aia i nāʻano o ka oiaio pāʻoihana a me ka mahalo i ka uilaʻikena: ole-electrolytes, electrolytes. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka lehulehu o ka solute ka mea, hiki ke nāu kekahi paha i kia.

Oiaio pāʻoihana a haʻahaʻa hakakino waiwai, mai ka thermodynamic wahi o Hawaii i puunaueia ma ka oiaio, a me ka maikaʻi.

Oia pāʻoihana hiki e ion-hoopuehuia, e like me hakakino lūlū aku iā nenoai.

paʻa kūhohonu loa pāʻoihana

Ke kaumaha ma muli ehia na (particles) e hele i loko o pāʻoihana, he supersaturated, unsaturated, paʻa kūhohonu loa pāʻoihana. Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana He He kinowai a me ka paa homogeneous'ōnaehana i oia no kekahi mau eiiiiiaiou. pono haawi i ka'ūheheʻe, a me ka solute i loko o kekahi like kahua. Ma ka noho male 'ana o kekahi' ona malama exotherm.

Oia kaʻina hana pāʻoihana hōʻoia ana i ka kumumanaʻo, e like me i ka noho male 'ana ua ike like me ka physico-Nine Inch kaʻina. Aia He He mahele o ke kaʻina hana i loko o ekolu pūʻulu o ka solubility. Mua i kela mau waiwai a i wailana i loko o ka nui o ka 10 g. No 100 g.'ūheheʻe mea, ua kapaʻia ka mea maikai wailana.

Poorly wailana 'ona, noonoo iho la, ina emi o 10 g. Mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o 100 g. O ke keʻena, ua kapaia insoluble ke koena.

ka hopena

Systems oia no kekahi mau Hawaii o ka aggregation, huna nui pono no ka maʻamau kanaka haʻawina. Oiaio, colloidal pāʻoihana kūkā mai ma luna ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana ana o pharmaceuticals, meaʻai hooponopono. Me ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu o ka solute, ke hoomakaukau i ka makemake pāʻoihana, e laʻa me,'eto ka waiʻona a aceticʻakika, no kekahi mau hana ma kela la i keia ola ana. Ke kaumaha ma muli ma i moku'āina o aggregation mea solute, a me ka'ūheheʻe, obtainable nenoai i kekahi kino, a Nine Inch ano.