Oko ao a me nā mea like ma waena o na holoholona a me nā kānaka: na nā loko, nānā aku, kamaʻilio, pilina

Mea like a me nä mea ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka holoholona - he loa hoihoi 'kumuhana. Ma hope o Charles Darwin i hoʻokumu i kona pähola 'o ka evolution, hoʻomaka' pau ole manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē e pili ana ina paha he kanaka e maoli iho mai nā keko, a me ka ua ma kekahi alanui'ē aʻe. A e haawi aku i ka ike pane i keia ninau mea hiki ole. Eia naʻe, 'epekema i keia la ua loaa i ka puu o ka hoike e paipai i loaʻa i luku mea like o ka holoholona a me kanaka. Ua paipai i nā mea a pau e ola ana a pau i ka pau kumu. I pau, kā lākou elemental haku mele 'ana o'ālike.

Ke elemental haku mele 'ana o ke ola meaola

E like me kekahi hapa o na kino o ola meaola noho i ka Honua i ka ia Nine Inch hehee wale. Similar nukelea nāʻakika a me nā polokina i loaʻa ma ka holoholona keena. Ka mea hana i ka ia kuleana pili i. Ua nui similarity i loaʻa ma waena o nā keko a me nā kānaka. No ka laʻana, macaque a me kanaka DNA kekahi mau hola 66% like nā'ōewe. A ina e hoohalike i ka 'elele o ka? Ueo Homo sapiens mai chimpanzees, aʻo Kīwala'ō mea a puni 92%. Immunological waiwai o ke koko a me ka mai ole oko me ka nui loa. A me nā keko a me nā kānaka mai ka RH ololi a me ke koko pae.

kino māhele a me nā loko o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona

He loa hana hoihoi, ua ole ia? Naʻe, i kēia 'aʻole e hoʻopau i nā mea like o ka holoholona a me kanaka. Like māhele a me nā loko o ke kino pee i loko o ka 'ole o nā. Aʻo Kīwala'ō i loko o ka nui 'ole o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka paipai ia aia no he pilina ma waena o ka poʻe i ka mea hiki ke kamailio e pili ana i kā lākou, he pono ole kumu. Ka mea kiekie oia ka holoholona i loko o ka evolutionary me ka unahiʻole, i ka emi okoa mai ka? Ueo Homo sapiens hiki ke ike. Front kanaka o ka papa, e like a pau ? Ueo o monkeys , hoʻopaʻa hoʻi. Ka mea, i ka palaki i hiki e ke alalai ole manao a me ka unbent. ʻO nā manamana lima i kū'ē i ka nui. Nail aka me ka e pio mai maʻi phalanx. Clavicle maikaʻi hoʻomohala i ka'ūhā mua kaei. Ka mea, i eiiieaena a me ka like ana o na forelegs. Major a me ka poe a me kekahi poe e ae o ka iwipoo. Ma kaʻaoʻao o ka puniu wale no ke aupuni 'kumu mua. Lakou alo aku. Like loa mammals, i nā maka o ke kahua o kaʻike pono nō e noho kaʻawale, a ano kekahi i kekahi. Kēia i nā ekolu-dimensional, binocular hihio. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole a pau na mea like. A me na kanaka-holoholona e pono ai mākou i ole i manaoia. Mākou e hoihoi i loko o ke kumuhana Ua kaumaha, a ua hai ia hiki e loa lōʻihi. E mākou ho'āʻo e kuhikuhi i ka papa kuhikuhi.

lolo

A me primates, a me ke kanaka, ma ka Akä naÿe i nā mammals, i ka hoomaikai hoʻomōhala i ka lolo. Ua ku mai i ka occipital lobe, a me ka frontal poʻokela. Ka mea i ka mea, pono ka ulu i ka occipital lobes, ma muli o ia i ka hana o ka hihio. A kiʻekiʻe 'imi naʻauao uea' i alakai aku ai i ke alo o ka frontal lobes. I mau, ka mea a pau luna '- forelimbs hiki o manipulation, i ka lolo o monkeys a me ka lahui ulu nā loko o ka hihiʻo - mea he kumu elue no ka i ka hiki i ka hana. Eia naʻe, kona manaʻo (ma keia, ke kūkākūkā lalo nei ma ka au mamuli), wale i pili i ke kanaka ke kamaʻilio.

ulu o embryos

Kanaka a me ka holoholona physiology ua loaa he wahi lihi iki o ka 'ike i loko o mea e e hiki ke olelo aku ia i na mea he nui ka mahalo i ka like' ana o nā embryos o ka laha 'no a hiki i ka iaʻano. No ka laʻana, i kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka embryogenesis i loko o nā mea a pau i waiho ai chordate notochord (iho iwi) ia lŘlŘ neural Tube ikea halo o mua oä. Like no ke kanaka, me ka 'ole o kona embryonic naʻau kohu o ka' ole o ke kino o ka iʻa - kekahi ventricle a me kekahi atrium. ʻepekema, ua hoʻokolokolo ana kekahi mau holoholona i hala fetal ulu. Lakou ike i na kanaka ma ka mea hele ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao a pau o ka evolution o na? Ueo. Kēia hiʻona kaulana German nä känaka 'epekema Ernst Haeckel a me F. Müller, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka 2nd hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia. Ka mea, ua kālaiʻia ia me ka biogenetic kānāwai, a 'oe a phylogeny ma ontogeny. Kanaka ulu, i mea ontogenesis, - he recapitulation o phylogeny, i mea ka mōʻaukala kūpono 'ana o kekahi mauʻano.

kamailio ana o ka'ōnaehana

E mākou e nana hiʻona o ka hana. Aia nō i nui mea like o ka holoholona a me kanaka. A me ka poe a me kekahi poe e ae hoʻomohala i kekahi ano o ka palapala me ka mau no lepa. United maomeka o ka hana ana o na holoholona a me kanaka? Ueo. Na ke kanaka haku o ka reflex kumumanaʻo o ka hana, ua Lūkiniʻepekema IM Sechenov a me I. P. Pavlov. Kēia kumumanaʻo ua muli ma luna o ka mea like a me ka luna 'hoike ana mai o ka ua'emi ko kahua. Kona ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima mea he reflex.

O ka mea no ka walaʻauʻana mea like o ka holoholona a me kanaka. E mākou e noonoo i ka oko ao. Oe e ike i ke kue o "ke kanaka - he holoholona" i ka hailona o ke kumu.

Bipedalism a pakahi aku la ia kanaka lala

I physiology a me ka 'ole o na kanaka, ua nui kaʻokoʻa ma waena o na holoholona. Ma kekahi, bipedalism Hawaiʻi like me ka hopena o ke kahua o ka nui ikaika musculature o ka lalo lala, akā, i keʻano hōʻike huakai hele i loko o ka spine (sacrococcygeal, lumbar, thoracic, cervical), hoʻololi i ke kulana o na pelvis, hoʻonaʻauao hale hoʻokamakama moans hoʻomohala me ka manamana lima mua. Location o na nā loko i kekahi me ka hopena o ka vertical kulana o ke kino hoʻololi.

It E e kaulana ana kekahi kanaka i kekahi ooieoeiiaeuiiai kaawale ana o ke keena, a malaloʻaoʻao. Ko makou mau lima e pono ke kino - he'ōlewa hoʻoneʻe palaki, he nui na meaʻuʻuku nāʻiʻo, pama kū'ē manamana nui e leie aku kekahi kanaka i ka loaʻa mea. Eia hou, o ka lima ka nonspecific,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea hiki ke hana i keʻano o ka neʻe 'ana, a me ka maalea eiiieaena. Pau kēia mau mea a me na mea he nui nā hiʻona i ua hōʻike ma ka 'epekema e like me kālaimeaola. Kanaka, holoholona, mea kanu a me microorganism - a pau hoihoiʻepekema ka poe i hoolilo ia lakou iho i keia kahua o kaʻike. None o kēia mau laha 'o ola meaola, i ka mea e ole ke komo i loko o ka mahele.

Animal kino a me ka kanaka

Ma waena o kānaka, a me nā Moana herbivores, ma laila nō ka nui o nā oko ao i loko o kou kino. No ka laʻana, ua hiki ke hoʻohana kokoke kekahi ano i keia ano o ka ai. Ua apono 'i ka' ole o ka iwi ā. Ma herbivores ko ia neiʻoniʻoniʻano nui i loko o ka papamoe pelane, hiki oe i ka wili kanu ai. Like no ka Moana, ka iwi ā höʻike hoʻopapakū. He mea pono e hahi i ka iwi, a nahu aku i kaʻai. Man ua hāʻawi i nā o kēia nā papaha, akā,ʻaʻole i hiki maopopo. No ka laʻana, ina mākou kekahi ua hoʻololi ko makou iwi ma kaʻaoʻao paha pū broadly hōʻike i ka waha, malaila e e dislocated. Mākou uea 'ole i kēia e pili ana i kaupalena' ia e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka mea i loaʻa holoholona. E hoomanao i ka crocodile wehe kona waha, a pehea ka bipi kolo ana o ka iwi ā, a me oe e maopopo mea aʻu i olelo mai.

An hana hoihoi hiʻona mea ia e loaʻa i loko o ka 'ole o nā niho. A me ke kanaka a me na holoholona hana ia no e kamaiʻilio ana ka ai a me ka ai ana ia. He poʻe o ka niho ua hakuʻano nui herbivores o molars (no laila,-kapaʻia i lalo niho i lawe mai wiliʻai). Ma ka Ia Moana i loko o ka waha i na incisors a me canines. Kanaka maoli i hoomakaukau i ka manawa e ai i ka ai ana i nāʻano likeʻole. Naʻe, i ka maopopo pono ua ike ia ma ka olelo o herbivores, mai wale 32 niho 12 e pili i ka Moana. Keia 4 liʻiliʻi canines a me incisors 8. Other niho - molars a me 12 premolars 8, e hoike ana i ke kanaka predisposition e ai ana ia mea kanu ai.

Ka hooulu ana o ka lolo

Paha ka loa nui likeʻole i loko o ka 'ole o ka holoholona a me ka kanaka o kaʻoi loa o ka ulu ana o ka lolo, i mea na lako e kumu o ka olelo, ike paka, manaʻo. Ma kānaka, ia mea,ʻaʻole pono me ka nui loa nui akā, i nui aku luna '' ole ma mua o ia o nā holoholona. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka muli o hou nā hale, e like me ka pono me Ensemble o neurons i ka pāʻana manao, olelo, luna 'ka neʻe' ana. Ma kānaka, lolo haoʻa. Ka mea, e functionally asymmetric. ʻepekema, ua hoao aku au ia ia me ka Logical manaʻo hou pili i ka haʻalele hemisphere a me ka hemisphere'ākau mea kuleana no kilo a me nā mea naʻau poepoe.

I kēia manawa, ua ike, hoomaikai ana i ka hana o ka lapaʻau e hookolokolo ai i ka manao hana a me ka manao haʻawina, hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ke kanaka, nānā' ana i ka nui loa a me ka parietal prefrontals nā mahinaʻai o ka cerebral cortex. No ka laʻana, ma ka anterior frontal pio, ua nele kaua i ka hiki e kahu ai naʻauao, a ike iho hana, e subordinate i ka nui mamao i ka pahu hopu a me ka manaʻo, akä, no kā lākou mau hana. I ka make o ka parietal mahinaʻai i hiki aku ai i ka mea i ka manaʻo o ka nalowale māhele a me ke kino ana, ka Logical pili 'o Randy. Inā na monkeys ka frontal ke kahua uhi ka hola 15% o nā wahi o ka cerebral cortex, na kanaka - 30%. Eia hou kekahi, nizhnetemennoy a me ka prefrontal mau mea i loko o ka hopena i kekahi aʻalolo-oaio? A, a ma kahi e ma'ē aʻe? Ueo.

E like me ka hopena o ka evolution heʻokoʻa ma biosocial? Ueo Homo sapiens. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma ke kaʻina otnogeneza, ina he kanaka e ola ana i loko o kēia hui, iwaena o na mea e ae. Kēia mau hiʻona i pili i ka hana a me ka physiology a me ka I Aloha Hawaii. Pela, ke psyche o ka holoholona a me nā kānaka i kekahi nunui. E mākou e noonoo i ka naau.

kanaka manao

Ma keia manao, ma laila nō nā oko ao a me ka mea like o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Table a kikokikona a hooku iho la ia ma lalo nei, e kōkuaʻoe ike ia. Mua, ua hoailona oukou ia ia, e like holoholona, kanaka ano i kekahi kūikawā ano o ka noʻonoʻo kapaia mea manaʻo manaʻo. Ka mea nui wale waiwai a me nā 'ano moe i loko o ka manaʻo. He Hōʻuluʻulu. Ma na holoholona, i ka manaʻo o ka ike maopopo manawa i wahi kumuhana ua hōʻike hewa. Ua Ua pili me kekahi mau mea o ka puni honua. Wale kanaka manaʻo kekahi hoʻonohonoho, abstractly, i ka hiki e generalize. Animals, e like kānaka, ke hana loa eiiieaena hana. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kā lākou mau instincts mau moe, i mea inheritable aaiaoe papahana. Pololei i kaupalena 'ia paha o ka hana i manao ai i ko lakou kaʻina me ka hoʻololi' ana i koe, ua hoʻololiʻia a ina he hana ka impractical. Ke kanaka mua AIM, ia 'ano apau loa o ka manao i ke hoʻololi ina pono ai. He laila kālailai i ka hopena, a hoʻoholo i ka hopena.

olelo ana

I ka makahiki 1925 I. P. Pavlov, këia i nā hiʻona nona a hiki i ke kanaka o luna ua'emi haʻawina, a ike i ka mea i lawe mai qualitative oko mai o na holoholona. Ma kānaka, aia no he lua o ka hōʻikeʻana nenoaiu, i ka olelo ana. A me na kanaka, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe makaukau no ke huai ae loli i loko o ka waiwai a me ka ano o kaʻike manaʻo a me nā mea (kala like' ole, kani, ala, ka malamalama, ka mahana, hoao aku la, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Kēia ke ikeia mea like o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Hana sensory maomeka - o ke kumu ma i hana 1st poʻe hiamoe nenoaiu. Ua mea like i loko o na holoholona, a me kānaka. Ke kanaka i ka mea ia manawa, ulu ka 2nd ka hōʻikeʻana nenoaiu. Ma keia hihia, i ka lepa i nā hua'ōlelo a me ka'ōlelo i ka mea generalized a me ka Hōʻuluʻulu, i ua kaawale mai ka mea nona iho. Word hanaʻia i pani no ka pololei stimuli. Ua hōʻike loina mea e hoʻomōhala i ka 2nd pū waikaua'ōnaehana mea hiki wale ia pü. Ma na olelo e ae, ka mea, i ka nohona külana.

Poe ma ke ano o ka papaʻaina i kekahi mau mea like e ae, a oko ma ka noʻonoʻo a me ka'ōlelo o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.

E like me 'oe ke ike, oe ke ike pehea ka oko a me nā mea like o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. I ka papaʻaina ma luna, ke hoʻoholo 'ia no ka hookolokolo ana o ka manaʻo a me ka olelo. E huli i nā 'o ka hana.

kanaka hana

No ka makakū ha awina hiki o ole wale kanaka, akā, i na mea he nui 'ē aʻe? Ueo. Ua hiki ke ike mea like o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Eia naʻe, wale kanaka hiki ke Kumu o ka luna 'hana, hoʻomaʻa a me ka manao no ka hana, e foresee i nā hualoaʻa i hiki ke loaa, e like me' Imi i ka hoʻololi 'ana i ke ao nei. Other? Ueony, o ka papa, a pau keia ke kīnā. He mea nui i hoʻokaʻawale iki ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka holoholona, mai ka ha awina. Nolaila, ia mea e pono ai ke hooki aku i ka hou aku au mamuli.

Hana like me neia - mea he ha awina i ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ke kanaka wale nō. He mea ka hopena ma ke ano maoli, e hoʻolako 'ano kūpono o ka lakou ola. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka hana - i keia ha awina ua haliia mai la mawaho, e like me ka rula, wale ma ka hana pū me nā kanaka. Ua pili ia a hiki i ka simplest o ka hana, e hali ana i kanaka ano, mai ke kanaka i loko o ka papa o ko lākou manaʻo e komo i loko o kekahi pili me nā kanaka a puni ona. E hana ana o ka mea kākau, no kekahi laʻana, hiki ke noʻonoʻo pākahi. Eia naʻe no ia i ka e, e aʻo i ka heluhelu, a kākau, e kiʻi i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, pono. I mea hiki wale nō i ka hopena o ke komo i loko o ka'ōnaehana o ka lawelawe pili. No laila, i kekahi hana, a hiki ma mua kilohi seemingly hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka komo ai e hana me ka 'ē aʻe.

Ua i ka mea nana i paipai i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka nā kaiapili, i fundamentally okoa mai ka poe i mea nona holoholona. Ka oko ao waiho i loko o ka mea ana o ka hui ana o primitive kanaka hahai aku la i ka pahuhopu mea i pono, e ola, a hiki i kekahi mea i ano o ka bipi holoholona. ka mea, ua pono e ola nei, e kōkua hoʻololi i ka rula maoli, i mea e like ke kākoʻo 'ana.

Ke ahi i loko o kekahi kanaka o ka ola

No ka hooulu ana o ka? Ueo Homo sapiens a me ka nohona pili o ka nui i ka hooulu ana o ko lākou ahi. Man manawa a hiki i kēia mea ku mai, mai ke ao kūlohelohe. He oki la e hilinai aku ma luna o ka 'āina, ka mea, ua lilo ia i mea ole. I ka maikaʻi minute i loko o ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka lāhui ua he wela lapaʻau o ka ai, e like me ka hoʻohana' ana o ke ahi i mea e hana i kekahiʻano o ka mea paahana.

Ke kūlana o ka mahele o ka hana i loko o ka ulu ana o ke kanaka

¶ A hiki i ka hoohanau a me ka makahiki i loko o nā kuʻina kakahiaka o ka ulu ana o ka? Ueo Homo sapiens. I ka māhele o ka hana alakaʻi ai i ka mea i hoomaka e hoʻoikaika i ka nohona pili, mahuahua productivity. ua hiki ke hele i ka hou hanauna o ka 'ike a me ka hoao ana People.

Marriage a me ka ohana ana

Society ua kiʻekiʻe e hoomaka ana e hooponopono i mare ana. He ua nui he ololi o ka lawelawe? Acaeoey, e like me ka liluwelo evolution o ka? Ueo Homo sapiens. Ma 'ana, i ka papa o ka mare ma waena o kokoke hoahanau mea nui, no ka mea, ua ālai' ka hoʻomāhuahua o mutations i loko o ka'ōewe auau o ka io, a hiki aku i kona enrichment.

Halawai i ka pono o

Man me ka pono o nā liluwelo a me ka uhane a me ka nohona. Ka uhane hai aku i ka pā honua o kela mea keia mea o mākou. Animals i panai ai i ka liluwelo nele, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o instincts.

ma ka hopena

E like me 'oe ke' ike a me nā holoholona hihiu kanaka - ma na mea he nui kekahi kanaka, akā, ma waena o ia a me 'oe e' imi i ka puu o ka mea like. Nauka aʻole e ku malie oukou, eia hou noiʻi i loko o kēia wahi. Ike i ka nui similarity ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka holoholona pono hou clarification. Mākou e ike ia makou ka ike mākou liʻiliʻi poe hoahanau o ka ole a pau, no ka mea mea, a no lakou iho. Aʻo Kīwala'ō o nā kānaka a me nā mammals, na holoholona o kekahi mau? Ueo - he loa hoihoi 'kumuhana, a hoolilo lakou ia lakou iho i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o na mea he nuiʻepekema. Keia a me Aristotle, a me Galen Klavdiy a me Charles Darwin, a he nui na mea e ae.