Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o adaptations i ka kaianoho koholā o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu

Ke evolutionary kaʻina komo ai a eia i Hoʻopuka hou, nā hanana o ka mea pono keia mau helehelena, a me kā lākou ka hoʻohuiʻana i loko o na kino o ka poe ola mea. A me kēia mau loli ka mea,ʻaʻole pono ana i ka aaiaoe kiʻekiʻe. Loa nui idioadaptation - adaptations o nā holoholona, mea kanu a me nā anakahi iki-meaola no kekahi? Aneie rula,? Aneie aʻe, a me ke kino ano o ka wahi.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o ka mea - i ka hohonu evolutionary kaʻina hana, ho okumu i ka makemake 'ano a me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa, i nā. Hoʻopunipuni ka mea 'ano i loko o ka genome o ke ola mea e hoike i na hanauna e hiki.

Ka hoʻololiʻana, a me ka hoʻololiʻana o ka meaola

Loa pinepine oe hiki ke 'imi i ke kino o kaʻai a me ka holoholona ka molekumu o, a i kekahi hana hiʻona i loko o ka' ole, hana paha kona helehelena. No ka laʻana, pili nā mea kolo, a mawaho ole okoa mai na lala o ka laau. A lele-hoverfly, a ua like ka iaʻano hoʻokahi, e like me ka wasp. I waena o nā mea kanu examples i tolstostebelnye fleshy cactus, lāʻau kukuluaeʻo a me Honolulu na aa, aa-props.

Ma kekahi hihia, a pau o keia - ka ka hoʻololiʻana i ka kaianoho koholā,? Aneie aku ana paha, e hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho mai na mea. Oiaʻike manaʻo, ua nui loa, no ka mea, ua nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka evolutionary kaʻina. Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o ka mea mau i kona kumu i loko o ka aaiaoe hāpana, a ia mea nui a me ka pono, mākia ihola nā'ōewe hoʻopā'ālua 'olelo o ka moʻolelo. No ka laʻana, ka mea'ōewe kuleana no ka loli o keʻano chameleon, i hanaʻia i loko o ka genome o kēia mau holoholona tausani o nā makahiki aku nei, a ua haawiia mai nō i nā mea a pau hanauna e hiki mai.

kanu i ka hoʻololiʻana: he mau hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Adaptations o nā mea kanu i ka integral hapa o ko lakou ola ana. A pau o ia hiki ke maheleia i mau papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu.

1. Ma ke ana wela kūlana o ke kaiapuni.
2. humidity.
3. I ka papa hana o ka pollination.
4. Ma ka hoopau ana o ka ai.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana mea me nā mea a pau i ka mea hookahi kumu o ke - evolutionary loli me ka hopuʻana a me ka wehe 'ia' ili pono ai ma lalo o kekahi ana hiʻona. Nolaila, ina he mea kanu ua hakuloli ia ka ?? eoi? Ee,? Aneie rula, wela, a pau kona hanauna, ka mea, e haawi aku i nā mea a pau e pono hiʻona no kaʻana ma ka'āina.

Mea kanu i ka maloo ana

I wela, a ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo i lanakila maluna o Hawaiʻi a me ka ia a eia i lā lā, i nā mea kanu maalea i'ōlelo ai nona hoemi ona mau omoāea. No hoi, e olaʻi ke kaupaona a me ka mahuaola pu me ua nakiiia ma ka wai i loko o ke kumu.

No keia leafy e hoemi ana i ka palena iki papa a pau Hoʻololi '. Ka loa typical kumu hoʻohālike o ka wao nahele mea kanu - cacti. Brutal na kumu o ke ola ma lalo o kekahi ahi wela lā i ka lau o kēia mau mea kanu hoohuli mai i ka prickly paipu a me anei i - i loko o ka manoanoa fleshy anei, ua piha oia me ka parenchymal aeee (kumu lole) me ka helu nui o nakinakiia, a me ka paa ole i ka wai.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o ke cactus adaptations loa maopopo hōʻike mai ana i akamai ke kanu i loko o kā lākou mau adaptations. Manawa kakalaioa kanu 'aʻole i evaporate i ka wai, mai ka lau' ilikai, a me keia wahi aku, e hoopakele i ka huina nui. Oae, i loko o ke kumu, ma lalo o ka Hoʻololi 'manoanoa fleshy kumu, he mea i hoʻomāhuahua ana o ka helu o ka waiwai, ka waiʻana. No kekahi laʻana, hoʻonui.

• hydrophilic kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma;
• proline ('aminoʻakika, wai ka mālama);
• monosaccharides a me nā ke aloha nāʻakika.

Nō hoʻi, keʻano papa hana o ka hanana cactus mea i loaʻa o? Iecaianoaaiiuo hormonal ano o ka hui i hamper i ka hana o ka ulu hōmona (gibberellins, auxins). Ua apono 'na mea kanu e ulu koke, e hooki ma luna o ka hanana o adverse rula, ka loihi o ka lōʻihi manawa.

Ka hoʻololiʻana i nāʻano o ka pollination

Kekahi luku ana mamuli o ka ka hoʻololiʻana i loko o nā mea kanu o kā lākou hana, e ke hakuloli i na pollinators. No ka laʻana, ka makani-pollinated anoano o nā 'ano apau loa, ua maloʻo a me ka malamalama, i wale e dissipate a hiki i ikaika ea ka neʻe' ana.

Inā ka mea kanu Entomophilous, ia produces pua o ka kekahi waihoʻoluʻu a me ka 'ole:

• brightly nā pōpō;
• nui a ohi i ka nui inflorescences;
• me ka ikaikaʻoluʻolu ala.

Ka 'ole o ka pua hiki ke hoʻokū pono ia no hoi ma lalo o ka pollinator. Aia nā mea kanu pollinated pololei kekahiʻano o nā manu, a me nā mea kolo.

Kea-pollinated 'ole ka hoʻoponopono-pollinated kanu i loko o ka pua' ole i lōʻihi stamens a pistil kaumaha loa kanu i ka pollen ihoiho ka stigma. Radio kēlā me kēia no kēia mau hana nui i kūlana i loko o nā'ōlelo a me nā kūpuna mai i hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka genome.

excessive ona mau ana no ka kanu

Ma Tropical a subtropical habitats mea pinepine ka kŰia o excessive humidity. Ua ua ike ia ma kekahi mau wahi Tropical downpours hiki ke hele aku ma mua o ka mahina. O ka holo ana, ia he oi o ka wai ka loa nā palapala i ka mea kanu. Nolaila, kekahi? Ueo i hoʻokumu i kekahi ka hoʻololiʻana i kń i ka hopena o ia ano. Ua gidatody - wai muliwai, mahuahua ka nui o ka wai excreted ma o ka mea kanu. Ua haʻalele kōna kulu. O kŰia ua kapaia Guttation.

No hoi i na mea maalea, e oi aku humidity i nā mea kanu i nui leafy una me ka nui helu o ka stomata. Alaila, i hoʻokāʻoi transpiration.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o ka mea i loko o na holoholona

? Aaoa puʻe wale akula kēlā,ʻaʻole wale e ke hakuloli i ka? Aneie keia, akā, no hoi, e hoomalu aku ia lakou iho, mai ka ho'āhewa wale 'o ka ikaika kanaka, no ka mea, i ka mea, - i kaʻai. Ua alakai aku ai i ke kahua o kekahi mauʻano o adaptations ma na holoholona:

• loli ma ke kino shape a me ka lala, ka huluhulu (ʻili, peni) uhi;
• aiiay coloration;
• mimesis (Mohai o ka palekana a me ka pilikia holoholona);
• cautionary 'ia nā pōpō;
• repellent ana.

A luku ana mamuli o ka mea e hoʻololi i ke kinona o ke kino, na lala a me na poi e manu (hulu, keel, kukui iwi Hoʻoponopono kino shape). Nō hoʻi, wai mammals a me ka iʻa i loaʻa haloʻole a me ka huelo, Kaulu, o ka nele o ka kapakomo ikaika. Akā, ka mea, i kēia manawa ea Oe, ke kīloi paʻewa laina (i loko o ka iʻa), webbed kapuai (waterfowl), flippers (meaola mammals).

Aiiay coloration ike i loko o na holoholona, o ka poe ano honua kahi a me ka wai. No ka laʻana, 'ōmaʻomaʻo na uhini, hūnāʻia i loko o ka mauʻu, kai kui kele huna ana ia lakou i loko o ka līoho. Chameleon mu (koʻokoʻo enuhe) Calim (hahai simulating lau), mottled manu, keʻokeʻo a me ka oho ano manu, a he nui nā examples o ka hōʻikeʻana i loko o ka noonoo holoholona.

Mimicry, ia mea he Mohai ma ka mea e hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho mai ka Aiia a pepehi ano o, no kekahi laʻana, lele, hoverflies (kohu i ka wasp), kekahi laha 'o nā nahesa, niho nahesa ka hoʻopiliʻana, a no laila, ma luna o.

Cautionary 'ia nā pōpō nā mea kolo a me nā holoholona ua pahuna ma ka maikaʻi aʻoaʻo inedibility? Ueony, kona virulence. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i nahesa niho nahesa, wasps, nalo meli, bumble nalo meli, ladybugs a me nā 'elele. Kēia mea he nui loa e like me ka mea i loko o na holoholona.

Repellent hana - i ka mea hoʻowahāwahā, growling, otprygivanie aʻe, deflation o liluwelo fluids (ka inikaʻAiʻAi, a hee, skunks). Ua hoʻi i komo i loko o kekahi mau hiʻona i mea i loko o ke anu wa pono palapala pua, e kōkua ai loaa ka ai.

A pau o kēia mau mea i hanaʻia o ka evolutionarily a genetically-hookupaaʻano papa hana no ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana.

Ka hoʻololiʻana o Polar bea

Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o Polar bea adaptations i hanaʻia i loko o ka huʻihuʻi loa kaianoho koholā. Kona ka hoʻololiʻana i kuhikuhi ia ma ka hoopakele ana i ka mehana a me ka ai? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Mau nā:

• patronizing keʻokeʻo 'ia nā pōpō (masking);
• he manoanoa ahu iho la ka subcutaneous momona, a Radio he kūlana pālua:'īpale a me ke ola kino kaupaona i 'auʻau a me ka luʻu kai;
• mānoanoa o ia mea anuanu a me ka mahana für e uhi ana i ka holoʻokoʻa ili o ke kino.

Ma muli o ia kā lākou Polar bea adaptations hiki ole e makau i ke ahiahi o ka loa loa anu ino. A keʻokeʻo ke kala e leie aku ia ia i ka mālie 'aneʻii mai i ka mana kahi - wepa.

Adaptations o ka lola honua mammals

Ke koʻikoʻi loa, Luna mea, o ka papa, kameleona a me nā mea a pau i kona poe hoahanau (zokor, kameleona iole, a me na mea e ae). No laila, i loko o kona mau laʻana, noonoo ka hoʻololiʻana. Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana kameleona mea e pili ana me ka lola honua kaianoho koholā devoid o kekahi mauʻano nui abiotic aʻe: ho'ā lawa ona mau, wela. No ia mea, ka hoʻololiʻana o ka holoholona like penei:

• ikaika eli ana lala;
• hemahema o ka hihiʻo;
• mānoanoa ahu iho la ka subcutaneous momona;
• malimali a me ka pilipaa eleele hulu hipa;
• Hoʻoponopono kino shape.

Ka hoʻololiʻana o ka nui wao nahele holoholona

I ka poe kuhikuhi nā kāmelo, kā lākou nāʻano likeʻole. Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o ke kamelo mea i hanaʻia i loko o ka nele i ka ona a me ka kiʻekiʻe mahana. Ka hoʻololiʻana o nā kēia mau 'ano:

• Ke alo aku o ka hao ka noʻonoʻo o oi paʻakai i loko o ke kino;
• haahaa potootvedenie;
• ka hiki no ka lōʻihi manawa pololi, losing ke kaupaonaʻana ma kekahi kolu;
• Special helehelena o ka digestion a me ka pūnao;
• i ke alo o nā kuapuʻu, ua piha oia me ka momona-ho'āhu ua nakiiia ma na wai;
• kokololio saturation o ka wai, e hoopiha i ka mea maloko me ke koe.

A pau kēia mau adaptations hana no nā kāmelo waonahele keia, ia mea oluolu a me ka pono no ke ola.