Desalting ka wai: Nā Papahana a me ka mea hana

ʻepekema, i ua hiki mai i ka manawa o ke kaua, e ka pele ma luna o wai ke kanaka heihei. E hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia o hoʻokahi wale nōʻaoʻao - e 'imi i ka pono ai ke ano o ka wai desalination.

He aha mea he wai desalination

Kekahi loli ma kona 'ole mai i kekahi pakeneka o ka paʻakai, microorganisms, nā minelala hao. Hoomaemae ana o ka mea maoli i ka wai a me ka piula wai nā mea hōʻike aku mau mea nā palapala 'ona. Akā, kekahi manawa ia mea he hapa o ka helu nui o ka paʻakai i e ka mea ukele no ka hokii.

Desalting o ka wai - i ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka lehulehu o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai. Ke kaʻina hana ke lawe i ka huina ano i ka wa a ka loli ua nele o kekahi paakai maʻiʻo, a me ka helehelena, ka wā i hoʻoholo ma mua nui o ka paʻakai noho ma loko.

ki ina hana like

Full desalination ua mālama 'ia ma ka kēiaʻaoʻao:

• Distillation, thermal hana.
• By ion pānaʻi.
• electrodialysis hana.
• E hoole osmosis membranes.

Ka hapa wehe 'ana o ka paakai ua loaʻa ka hoʻohana' ana i nā kēiaʻaoʻao:

• Liming.
• Barite i hoopalupaluia,.
• H cation pānaʻi.
• Ke kūpaleʻana.

Nā Papahana O Ka wai desalination koina e noi mai ana nā kālā a me ka ikehu. Koho lapaʻau iaoia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka paakai maʻiʻo o ka palapala loli, ka mea hoʻonoho hana ana, i ka lilo ana o eiiiiiaiou o ke kaʻina (wela, uila, reagents). Kēlā me kēia papa hana i kona pono a me keakea ana ma ka iiaie oaoieei mea.

hapa desalination

Devoid o nā impurities ka wai ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o na hanalima keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a me ka nele i na ana he loa kaupalena helu ana o kanaka. No ka lulu ana ua koi demineralization o ka wai a hiki i ka kekahi loa. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ke kinowai i hoopalupaluia, ia lŘlŘ ma cationization.

Ke kaʻina mea he hope no ka paakiki paʻakai hydrogen cations a, ma ka huli, reacts luku bicarbonate Ion. Product hana i kekahi hui i mea auoiaea me ke kinoea. Ke degere o ka hoomaemae ana ua oaeuiinoe ma ka helu o ka extracted paʻapuna.

distillation o ka wai

Wai desalination ma distillation iaoia - ke kahiko a me ka loa, he pono ole iaoia i keia la. I ka pono o kona ao loaʻa nui a me ka keakea - ka kiʻekiʻe lilo o ke kaʻina. E loaa ka wai me ka contaminants hoʻohana distillation. Ka mea, i kekahi mauʻano o nā evaporators, i ka likeʻole ma waena o ia mea i ka 'ole hoʻohana i ka ikehu. Ka loa, he pono ole - mahu a me ka uila machines, wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe lilo a me ka nui hokii o ka ikehu.

Ka hoʻomākaukauʻia o ka ieoaeunoai (a ieoaeunoai mau) o haʻahaʻa puʻe kahi o ka wai ua hoohuliia mai i loko o ka ohu a me ka hoʻokaʻawale paʻakai noʻonoʻo. E loaa i kā mākou ka wai huikalaʻana i hoʻomākaukauʻia ua loaʻa i loko o ke kali reflux mahana. Me keia ano, i ke kaumaha impurities mai i komo i ka Punk distillate. Kekahi o na koho no ka hoemi i ka waiwai e lilo aku ka, e hoomahuahua i ka helu o nāʻanuʻu, akā, ua mea hoʻonoho komo ai nui loiloi mua waiwai kūʻai.

Distillation lako a pan i hou i ka hoopau ana o ka nui nui o ka ikaika mai he kilakila waiwai o na wahi a pau. Hōʻike kiʻekiʻe maemae hiki e pipiʻi paipu, kiwikā, wela poe kuai moni, evaporators, i ka pōaka a platinum. Other mea i uala pono.

electrochemical hana

Ka papa hana ninoieo i loko o ka hooholo ia ana o ka wai ma ka uila kula, pela ka mea, he hoolilo o ka paakai Ion - cations i māhele i ka olelo o ka cathode a me anions - i ka anode. I ka'ōnaehana i ekolu compartments, a i hanaʻia ma ke kumu o ka cathode a me ka anode diaphragms. Ke medial pahu ka wai, i hoomakaukauia no ka desalination.

Stream ua hooholoia ma ka ikaika uilaʻikena, no kahi mea i hoʻokaʻina 'ia lŘlŘ paʻakai ma ka cathode a me ka anode diaphragm. Ka papa hana mea nui? Ieaoa kāki a me ka waiwai e lilo aku ka uila, a no ia mea, i ole, e halii mai.

ion mail

Ka loa ike loea ala, a ua loaʻa ma ka desalting wai - ion mail hana. Ke kaula kāohi o nā impurities ma keia ano e leie aku oe, e kiʻi i ka maopopo loli i loko o ka pōkole manawa, i mea nui no ka hanalima desalination. Ka papa hana o ka loa kāki pono, a haawi i ka maikaʻi, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hopena.

Ka papa hana ua muli ma ka wehe 'ana o cations mai o ka wai a me ka paʻakai anions, kūpono ma ka huikala hiki ke loaʻa ma ka loli iki ana i ke degere o ka demineralization i ka hoʻoholo' ana o ka paakai konohiki. Desalting ka wai ma ka ion, e loaa hou ia lŘlŘ me ke komo 'ana o ka ion poe kuai moni a i ka wai-insoluble polymers i loaʻa i ka hoʻoneʻe ion. I ka hoomakaukau hana rula pīlali komo ka hoonohonoho hou naoh me ka paakai Ion o ka ia hoailona. Ua hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ka koʻana koko a puni, kēpau hu nui ae la, e māhuahua ana ma ka nui ma 1.5-2 manawa.

Me ka hooholo ia o ka manawa i ohi kēpau mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai a me kana olelo hoopomaikai. Paʻa kūhohonu loa regenerated ion poe kuai moni, ai ukali ma ko lākou nohoʻana. Products loko mai paʻa kūhohonu loa ion-mail kēpau i kapa "eluates", e nā paʻakai a me kona'ākilikai pāʻoihana. Kekahi o ia mau waiwai waiwai ia mea, e hoolilo ana i waiwai eiiiiiaiou.

nana e hoole osmosis

E noa ka holomua a me ka hoʻomaka e kiai ana ia freshwater shortages haawi ala i ka 'ike loea hou o ka desalination a me ka desalination. Popularʻaoʻao o ka noho lapaʻau e ke hoʻololi osmosis, ka mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka pono o ka hooulu ana o ka 'ike loea houʻili lahilahi. Commercial hoihoi, kena ae la ia e ka kŘpa a haʻahaʻa ka ikehu. Ka hapa nui o na manao maalea o keia rula e hoʻohana no ka huikalaʻana o ka muliwai o ka wai, i ka hoʻokōʻana hoao i ko lakou manawa he nui wale.

No ka hale hana i ka mea hoʻonoho no ka desalting ka wai ma muli o ka mea nana e hoole osmosis rula, kupono a elua ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka ikehu hokii, a me ka pono o ka kūpono huahana. I ka rula o ka aʻe osmosis ka wai hala ma lalo o puʻe ma kaʻili lahilahi i mea impermeable i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻakai a me nā impurities. Kaʻina desalination i kemikala kalaka nui-permeable membranes, i hiki ole ke hoopaa i kekahi o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kinoea i loko o ka wai (chlorine, i carbon dioxide a pela i.).

nana e hoole osmosis hana hoomaemae i ka wai, mai a pau impurities, aia no he piha demineralization, i mea nā palapala i ke kanaka kino. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, i ka awelika kanaka e koho ma waena o piula wai wai ole ia me ke kōkua o ke Kānana. Uuku ka hewa o ka wai, devoid o nā mea a pau maoli nā mea hoʻohui.

I kēia lā i loko o kekahi aina, ua, ua kanu no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o inu i ka wai, kahi desalination hoʻohana aʻe osmosis hana, a me ka hou aftertreatment hopena a mai ia mea hoʻoheheʻe kinoea. E haawi ia i ka maʻamau, e kokoke ana i ke ano maoli i loko o ka hana i loko o ka wai maloko ua hou a hiki i ka kūpono ka paʻakai lehulehu hōʻoia.

Pros a me Con o ka papa kuhikuhiE ki ina hana like

Kēlā me kēia no nā hakakā o ka wai desalination mai nā maikaʻi a me ka io ano. Noonoo ia i loko o au mamuli, e hiki ke ike i kekahi o ia mau mea, e haawi aku ana kāu mau koho ana i:

• Ion mail kōkua e kiʻi i ka wai loa maemae, ka'ōnaehana Ua ike loea, a aole i pane i ka loiloi mua loa o ka mineralization wai, e pono iki lako a koina. desalting kaʻina i wahi ma ka palena iki pele poho. Ke keakea o ka iaoia nā ka kokololio mea hoʻohaumia o me nā palapala Nine Inch ke kaiapuni, ka mea kiʻekiʻe lilo o na reactants lakou iho, i ka'ōnaehana iʻino koke, a koi pinepine Kānana hope. Hoʻolilo o ka neoneo a me ka Kānana māhele mea fraught me ka pilikia.
• Distillation. Nā mea hoʻonoho no ka desalting ka wai ma muli o ka thermal hana hoʻohana me ka hoʻohana 'ana o Nine Inch waiwai ho'āʻo pono e like ai kūpono wai a ua loaʻa i ana wela hiki ke hoʻohana' ia no nā hana. Ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o keia iaoia mea i ka manawa kūpono, e hoʻopau i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kinoea. Ke keakea ana o ka papa hana i: kiʻekiʻe ikehu na koina, me ka nele i ka wai lapaau, i ka lilo o ka mea hoʻonoho malama (, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā māhele), kiʻekiʻe ka lilo o ka lako a pan.
• ʻili lahilahi nenoai eʻokoʻa i ka palapala ruggedness o wai no ke kaʻina 'aʻole i koi Nine Inch, e oluolu e malama. Noke ano e: i ka makaukau ana o ka wai lapaʻau kaʻina hana, he nui nui o ka wai no ka hana o ka mea, kiʻekiʻe mana hokii, a e loli ai ka hope loa huahana kāki.

Desalting ma ka hale

Wai kānana - ka loa affordable ala i ka pou-lapaau. Desalting o ke kai a me na luawai loli i loko o ka hale, ma laila nō nā na aoao:

• A ipu o ka wai, e waiho i loko o ka pahu hau a me ka haʻalele i ka pa ahau ke kāpili. Salt me ka hapa o ke kinowai E pa ahau, ka hau, e heheʻe, a ua hiki ke hoʻohana koke. No ka hou hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono e hala i kekahi 'ano o ka wai ma ka hale Kānana. Ka papa hana ua kapaia anu distillation.
• Omoāea. E mau ipu o kekahi nui, ua nininiʻia i loko o ka nui kai / paakai wai, he lalo hema nele, a hoonoho iho la i loko o ka pola nui. Ke 'ole holoʻokoʻa hiki e waiho no ka paio hahana maoli nō ma ka papa a koe ma ka la, ma hope o panina o ka poʻi. Mea pono e hoʻokō i kekahi kali baila aʻela i saltwater. Couples hoʻonele o ka paakai, e ke kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ka pahu mea nele. Ke omoāea i loko o ka lā, e kahe nui aku lohi. Ma keia hana ia lilo loa he uuku nui o ka inu wai.

Desalination a me ka wai desalination artisanal hiki, akā, ilihune hopena. Ka pono koho makemake e, e kuai i ka hale lapaau mea kanu.

wahi lulu mea hoʻonoho

No ka lulu popilikia hoʻohana pinepine koi i ka'ōnaehana no ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Wai kānana hiki ke hana ia ma kekahi mau aoao:

• Ke easiest a loa affordable - huewai me ka replaceable kānana.
• Ke kīʻamo Kānana ma luna o ka manu'ū.
• Table wai kānana.
• I loko iho nenoaiu, e hali ana mai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe loli ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hoʻokomo (wale i ka lumi kuke, ka hānai a puka komo paha i loko o ka wai o ka hale, multistage ka wai Kānana huikala mai artesian luawai, a no laila, ma luna o. D.).

Aole wahi lulu nenoai hiki ole loa hoʻopau ka paʻakai, mai ke kinowai, e hoopalupalu no au i ka hana i ka wai akā, hiki. Ma keia hihia, e pono e ike i ka oihana mua ka mea, ua paʻa kūhohonu loa ka'ōnaehana no ka wai nā papahu, kānana paha reagents e koho. Desalting kaʻina pono nohona ma i hoʻomākaukauʻia, he nui ele ele no ka mea hoʻonoho, nui kālā waiwai kūʻai, a me ka loaʻa nui o ka'ōnaehana hana i mea ole i loaʻa i ka laulā huahelu o nā mea kūʻai mai.

Ano o ko ka hale ona, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe

I ka lā, i ka i kēiaʻano o ka mau hoʻohana wai lapaau:

• Kalapona kānana. Ka mea o ka ipu hoopihaia me ka wahie, lanahu a ho'ā 'ia paha. Ka wai e kahe ana ma ka Kānana, ua holoiʻia o ka chlorine oily oihana mua, pesticides, microorganisms, koʻohune a me ka mea e like. D. ka Kānana Ua loaʻa i ka waiwai e lilo aku, mau nō a me ka oluolu i ka hana.
• Paheona, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Kēiaʻano o ka Kānana ua maheleia i mau ano - hookahi-kuleana pili i a me ka multifunction. No kekahi koho ana o ka hana i koi 'ia - mau hoʻololi i nā papahu no ka wai, e puku i kiwikā, a pela aku.
• Strainer. Wehe i nui particulate impurities (one, a maloko, sludge, a no laila, ma luna o.).
• Deep, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ma keia Kānanaʻano nā nenoai me nana e hoole osmosis, nunui-ke kahua kānana, a no laila, ma luna o.

Ma ka hapanui wahi o Rusia ka mea, ua wale koi hou, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai, e like me ka wai kumu waiwai i loko o ke aupuni Ua lawa. Ka mea wale nō māhele'āina kahi e e ka nele i ka wai - o Crimea, ma, paha, e noi mai ana hanalima mea kanu e desalinate ka wai kai. A pau na manao maalea no ka hooko ana mai i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i iaoaioa. Desalination a me ka demineralization o ka wai e pono ai ke i scientifically ma muli ki ina hana like me ka mea e pono ai ho'āʻo nā hualoaʻa ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua ana.