Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan: hana kemika, KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui

Panjshir Valley - he hohonu kuahiwi awawa, aia ma ka akau-hikina Afghanistan. Mai ka makahiki 1980 i ka makahiki 1984, loaʻa nō kekahi mau koa ana i lawe mai ai me ke komo ana o Soviet poʻe hao wale i ke kaua ma Afghanistan mai 1979-1989.

Mōʻaukala o ka inoa

Panjshir Valley ua, ua ikeia mai ka hoomaka ana o na XI kenekulia. Ma ka literal unuhi mai i ka Afghan kona inoa o ia hoʻi, "elima liona." No laila, i loko o ia mau lā ka mea i kapaʻia nā luna o ka mana Suletana Mahmud o Ghazni, ka mea i alii iho la oia i loko o kēia wahi. He ua padishah a me ka 'Emira o ka moku'āina o ka Ghaznavids ma ka huli o ka X-XI kenekulia. Wahi a ke kaʻao, mau kiaaina i ka pō kukulu i ka makua ma ke Panjshir River, a nō i koe i keia la. Local manaoio i keia i kokua mai ia laua hohonu a me ka ikaika me ka manaoio.

Panjshir - ia mea he nui muliwai, i mea kekahi o ka nui hoʻokupu o ka Kabul muliwai. Hookomoia ma ka Indus River kīʻaha. Panjshir awāwa ke aupuni 'ma ka ike mauna huahelu Hindukush. Kona wahi mea ma kahi o 3.5 tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika. Ka awelika kiʻekiʻe o ka oi ma mua o 2200 mika luna o kaʻilikai. Ka piko wahi mea i puni 6000 mika luna o kaʻilikai. Center Pandzhershskogo gorge kulanakauhale noʻonoʻo Rukh. Eia na lunakahiko i ka nānā 'ana panalaau.

Meaning gorge

Gorge mea o KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui. No ka ikaika ka mea, hoike mai i ka kaua Afghan. Ka mea i ke awawa o ka muliwai, a kahe ana ma ka gorge i hookaawale Afghanistan i loko o'ākau a me ka hema o māhele.

He 'aneʻi i ka loaʻana a me ka pono ala mai kekahi hapa o ka aina a hiki i kekahi. Ka'āina i loko o keia hihia oia o ka luna 'ano o ka muliwai a me ka hoʻokupu i holo ma ka gorge. No laila, ka mea, i ka maikai maoli kona puʻuhonua, i ke kaua. Ke awawa ia iho i loko o ka pā, organically pono no ka hakakā guerrillas.

Panjsher i KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Communist? Eia i ka 1975, a laila, i ka confrontation me ka Soviet kaua i ka kaua 10-makahiki.

Iloko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa i ka Soviet Union e malama i ka lehulehu ma o ka hawaiian aina, gorge, a ua hoʻolaʻa ai i kēia 'atikala i loa wela ke kina ole ma Afghanistan palapala' āina. Kēia mea ma ka fiercest kaua i wahi, ia mea 'aneʻi i ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i ae i ka lilo nui o nā limahana. No ka mea, he nui Soviet koa a me na ilamuku Panjshir i ka ino moe uhane no ka wa e ola ana.

ikaika kaua

Ia'ku i loko o kēia wahi alakaʻi i ka mana Afghan warlord Ahmad Shah Massoud. Ua uku nui nānā i ka Salang Pass, a ua colloquially kapaia "Kabul ka puu." Ua Ua 'aneʻi holo ke ala, mai Hairatan a hiki i Kabul. Ua Ua manaoia he kī ala hele no na kolamu o ia i kona kalaka i i haawiia i Afghanistan mai Soviet kanawai, a me kou ukana.

Kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Rukh i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o ka kaua hoonohoia ai-kapaia lua Muslim battalion, ma muli ma ka 177th kaʻawale kūikawā koa. Ma huina, ia nā tausani o kanaka.

Mai makahiki 1984,ʻo ia me ka nānā '682 motorized infantry regiment, helu ana he tausani koa. Ka lōʻihi o Anati-guerrilla huahelu Ahmad Shah Massoud i alakaʻi eiwa nui-unahiʻole, i hana. He nuiʻike maka o nā hanana hoomanao, i ka ua i ka loa pilikia kulana home 'ole i loko o Pandzhurshskom gorge. Nā guerrillas e hoʻokele i mau noonoo i ka Soviet kūpono '.

Ke hoʻopilikia ma keia hapa o ka aina ua malamaia, a ma hope o ka withdrawal o ka Soviet kaua i ka 1989. First confrontation me ka? Eia i ka Afghan Peresidena o mai ka 1987 a hiki i 1992, Mohammad Najibullah, a me ka hope o ka Taliban. Islamist ana i i hānau i loko o Afghanistan i ka 1994 me Pashtuns kaiapuni.

I ka nui o ka gorge

Ka heluna kanaka o keia awawa, a i ke kumu o Panjshir'āina a pau, oaeuiinoe ma kahi o 100 tausani kanaka. Mauʻikepili i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka hapalua like-80s, i ka wa a ka Soviet poʻe hao wale, he malaila hana hostilities.

mau kanaka a pau ka poe i hoopuehuia 200 noho. Currently i pololeiʻikepili ma o ka heluna kanaka ma laila. E like me nā koho, ma ke awāwa noho mai ka 150 a hiki i 300 tausani kanaka. Holo nōhie ka mea, o ka Afghan Tajiks. Nui, ka Tajiks ma Afghanistan loa nui. E like me ia i kekahi mau koho, 11 a hiki i 13 miliona kanaka, helu mahina no kekahi hapakolu o ka huina heluna kanaka. He ka lua o ka nui loa kanaka o Afghanistan.

Panjshir - mōʻaukala 'āpana kaianoho koholā Afghan Tajiks. A laila, i ko lakou mau ola 99%. Ma ka gorge hoʻomohala pōʻalo o likiuma a me'emerala. I ka papa kuhikuhiE attraction o ka Ilina o o Ahmad Shah Massoud.

Ke confrontation me na koa o Massoud

I ka 1979, ka wā i ke kaua i loko o Afghanistan, mai ka gorge ua eia ua kuʻi mai nā huahelu o ka Afghan aupuni kaua. Ka mea, ua ma lalo o ka lung o ke aupuni o ke kula koa Ahmad Shah Massoud. Ma hope,ʻo ia i hoʻolimalima i ka inoa kapakapa Pandzhshursky liona.

I ka 1979, i ka mana ma ka aina i hele mai ai i ka hou alakaʻi, General Kakauolelo o ka People ka kemokalaka Party o Afghanistan Babrak Karmal. ninau mai la oia e koke hoʻihoʻi moku'āina mana i loko o nā'āina. Ma keia kumu, na koa aupuni me ke kākoʻo o ka kaupalena contingent o Soviet poʻe hao wale ma Afghanistan pū i ka hakakā hana e hookuuia noho i hele mai ma lalo o kipi ana.

District Panjshir Valley hoao iho la ia e lilo i kekahi o ka loa problematic i loko o keia manao. He Hoikehonua, o Afghanistan ua i hoʻohana 'aneʻi ma ka alanui amo i ua loa kaupalena no i ka luna' mauna'āina. Ka mea wale nō alanui alakai ma ke kulanakauhale Gulbahor. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i maʻalahi e hoʻohana i Hoʻohui 'ia Masuda i ka ia'ku nui. Eia hou, oia ua Masood na kamaaina. Ua ae aku la ia ia, e pono ho okele i ka'āina, a lawe kākoʻo, mai na kamaaina.

Eia hou, keia gorge ua i ka maikai amo ala hele no ka hoolako ana i na mea kaua mai Pakistan a me ka hoʻolālā o ke aʻo kumu kipi.

Ka hopena Massoud

Pela, ma ka mea, Ahmad Shah Massoud i kekahi o na kumu nui mau hoa paio o Soviet poʻe hao wale i ka holoʻokoʻa 10-makahiki stint ma Afghanistan. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo anaʻo ia i hānau i loko o ka Tajik ohana.

I ka 1973, ma hope o ka coup,ʻo ia ia mea, hoʻoikaika ihola i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o Pakistan. Aiaʻo ia hui i ka Islamist kue, alakaʻiʻia Burhanuddin Rabbani.

I ka 1975, ua komo i loko o ka uprising nele e ku ei ka dictator Mohammed Daoud. A laila, kaua maila ia i ka Soviet koa a me Karmal i pelekikena ia.

Ma hope o ka withdrawal o ka poe koa o ka USSR nae au i ke aliʻi Masudistana. Kēia pakiko-kukala moku'āina, a me ka aina ma ka hikina ńkau Afghanistan. I hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka waena konu o ke kulanakauhale alii o Takhar panalaau - Taloqan. Masudistan i kona iho ke aupuni, ma kahi o 2,5 miliona kanaka, ka hapanui ka mea, ua Tajiks, kona mau kālā a me 60000th koa.

I ka makahiki 1992, Massoud koa komo Kabul. Ma hope o ia, i ka Peresidena o Afghanistan lilo Rabbani a me Massoud loaa i ka waihona kālā o ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka haule ana o ka Soviet? Eia, Massoud i ke alo Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. I ka 1994, i ka hopena o ke kaua no ka hooponopono o Kabul make ma kahi o eha tausani o civilians, a me ke kulanakauhale iʻano nui loa ai.

Aka, i ka 1996, ka Taliban hopu mana ma Afghanistan, a Masudistan lilo i lâlâ o ka Hawaii maoli, a ua poai puni ia e Massoud.

Ua ua ike ia mai ka makahiki 1999, Massoud hana me ka 'Amelika akamai. E like me ka hopena, i ka 2001, oia i pepehi i ka kīmopō hoao ma kekahi he pepehi anaʻia iā iho bomber. He hoʻolauna iā ia iho me he kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, a me ka pōkā pahū hūnāʻia i loko o ka pahupaʻiwikiō. E like me kekahi hoike, Massoud i pepehi i na kauoha a pahu ukana e lawe ana, no ka ano laulea a me ka Americans.

Panjshir kūpono 'ole

First Panjshir kūpono 'ole i wahi i ka makahiki 1980. Hostilities hoomaka ma April 9. Ua luku Massoud ke keʻena luna, akā, ka mea, he mea hiki ole ke hahai i ka emi poʻe kipi. Aie i ka 'äina kaumaha hana hiki ole kekahi. Ua i kekahi o na successes mua o Soviet poʻe hao wale i loko o Afghanistan. Panjshir Valley i ole he pela unassailable.

Hopena o ka hana, noonoo iho la holomua. Hoʻohui 'ia Masud Ua hee, a laila holo akula, Ua seriously poino.

Eia naʻe, no ka unexplained kumu, ua hoʻoholo iholaʻaʻole e haʻalele i ko lākou mau kauhale ma ka ku battalions ka Soviet koa. E like me ka hopena, ka mea, ua koke hoʻi i loko o nā lima o nā guerrillas hoʻihoʻi mai Massoud.

Truce me Massoud

Massoud i kekahi o ka Afghan warlords, ka poe i makemake i ka truce me ka Soviet naehana. Ke truce mua Ua manao koke ma hope o ka oihana hana i ka makahiki 1980.

Masood i olelo mai ai,ʻaʻole e hoouka aku i ka Soviet a me ka noho alii ana kaua, ma ka huli, ka mea, i'ōlelo mai ai,ʻaʻole e i ea a me ka mea kaua kākoʻo i loko o ka hanana o ka hookui hookahe koko ana Massoud huahelu me ka Islamic Party o Afghanistan, alakaʻiʻia Hekmatyar.

Kekahi truce Ua hiki aku i ka huli ana o 1982-1983 ka.

Nā hualoaʻa o ana o ka Panjshir

Nui i ka noho ana o Soviet poʻe hao wale i loko o Afghanistan i alakaʻi 9 nui-me ka unahiʻole ana i loko o ka gorge. I ka hopena o kela mea keia mea o lakou, ua he pokole a me ka hapa mana o ka Panjshir Valley, a ho'ōla nalowale.

Pololeiʻikepili ma luna o ka pōʻino ma ka Soviet Army a me ka Afghan mujahedeen ole.