Pehea e ho'ēmi i stress: ki ina hana like a me na mea paahana

Oe Pono e ike pehea e lalo loa i ke anakahi uila i loko o ka huakai kaapuni, e pale ai i ka poino pou nā mīkini home. Ka mea ike i na hale kupono elua kaula - a 'Aʻohe pae. Keia ua kapaia he hookahi-pae i ulanaʻia. Ekolu-pae ua kākaʻikahi hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka malū kaiaulu a me ka nunui-ohana home. Ka nele no ia i ka hana, no ka mea, a pau nā mīkini home manaʻia e ka AC hookahi-paeʻikena. Akā, i loko iho ua koi 'ike loea e e i ka huli ana - e Lower AC anakahi uila, hoʻololi' ia i loko o ka paʻa, hoʻololi i ka ikaika hawewe a me nā 'ano. He mau minute, a e pono e noonoo.

Hoemiia anakahi uila ka hoʻohana 'ana transformers

Na easiest ala - mea e hoʻohana i ka haʻahaʻa anakahi uila mea hoʻololi uila a i ka huli ana. Ke iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi maupaʻa he nui ka helu o nā 'ana e haʻalele ma mua o ka mea kiʻekiʻe. Inā he mea i pono, e emi i ke anakahi uila palua paha ekolu manawa, a me ka haumāna'ōwili hao hiki ole ke hoʻohana. Ka mea hoʻololi uila iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me he inductive mahele waiwai (ina huakai hele i kekahi mai ia). Ma ka hale o nā mīkini home i hoʻohana transformers, a me ke kiʻekiʻeʻanuʻu i de-Ka Hōʻeu 5, 12 a me 24 volts.

'O kēia ka loa mau hoʻohana aiee i loko o ka hale kēia nā mīkini home. 20-30 makahiki aku nei ka hapanui o ka lako a lako anakahi uila ma 9 volt. A Tube kīwī a me ka pahu hoʻonui leo koi i ka ikaika anakahi uila o 150-250 V, a AC i 6,3 filaments (kekahi mau kukui hanaiia mai 12.6). Nolaila, o ka mea hoʻololi uila kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi maupaʻa i ka hookahi helu o nā 'ana e haʻalele e like me ka puke Paipala. Ma enehana kēia, e increasingly hoʻohana mea hoʻololi mana lako (me ka kamepiula mana lako), i ko lakou manao kikowaena anu u-type mea hoʻololi uila, ka mea, he uuku loa Ana.

A anakahi uila mahele waiwai ma ka inductor

Inductance - he'ōwili hao eha keleawe (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO) ma luna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia uea 'ole i ka ferromagnetic Kora naʻEsau. Mea hoʻololi uila - mea heʻano o ka inductor. Inā mai ka waena mai o ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka hana i ka withdrawal, ka mea, e like me ke anakahi uila ma waena o lakou, a me ka loa hopena. A ka mea, e like no ka hapalua o ka lako anakahi uila. Akā, ma keia hihia, ina o ka mea hoʻololi uila iho ua papahana e hana i keia mau lako hou anakahi uila.

Akā, e hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia kekahi mau coils (no ka laʻana, e lawe i elua), e hoʻohui ia ma ka moʻo, a me ma ka mea ulana pukapuka, AC. Ike i ka inductance waiwai, ia mea oluolu ia e ka i ka ho omaulia o ka mea hiki wale mai i kela mea keia mea o lakou.

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Ma kēia mau nā papakuhikuhi, L1 a me L2 - inductance o ka mua a me ka lua o ka spools, U1 - ka papa kuhikuhiE anakahi uila ma volts, U (L1) a me ka U (L2) - anakahi uila e like ma ka mua a me ka lua o ka inductors pakahi. Ke kiʻikuhi o ka mahele waiwai i puhi ai i hoʻomano hoʻohana i loko o ke ana i na mea maalea.

mahele waiwai capacitors

A loa kaulana noaia hoʻohana e emi ke kumukuai o ka AC lako. E hoʻohana i ka mea i loko o DC hiki ole, me he mea pihana, ma ka theorem o Kirchhoff, ka DC loulou - keia nahā i. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, i ka pono ma ka mea e ole liu. Akā, i ka reactance, a me ka mea hiki, e kinai loa i ke anakahi uila i ana i loko o ka AC huakai kaapuni mea pihana. Mahele waiwai kaapuni like me ia i hōʻikeʻia aʻela ma luna, akā, ma kahi o ka inductances i hoʻohana condensers. Ka i ka ho omaulia ua i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā kēia nā papakuhikuhi:

1. Kū'ē mea pihana ia'ku: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 *. F * C).
2. Ke anakahi uila kulu ma C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. Ke anakahi uila kulu ma C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Eia, C1 a me C2 - capacitors, U - ka papa kuhikuhiE anakahi uila, [illegible] - alapine (frequency) o kaʻikena.

mahele waiwai resistors

Ke noaia ka mea i like loa me ka kekahi poʻe, akā, e hoʻohana 'ia e paa resistors. Ano no i ka ho omaulia ana o ka mahele waiwai mea iki okoa mai ka luna. Noaia hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia nā ma ka wahi i puhi ai AC a me DC. Mākou ke i aku nei au i ka mea i paʻa. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana mea e ohi i dia anakahi uila mīkini hoʻololi. I ka ho omaulia kulu ma kēlā me kēia mea pale mū holapū ua hua mai ma kēia nā papakuhikuhi:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

It E e kaulana kekahi caveat: ka haawe ia'ku waiwai e e 1-2 kauoha o ka nui haʻahaʻa ma mua ia o ka mahele resistors. I ole ia, i ka pololei o ka i ka ho omaulia e loa ino ia.

Mea hiki mana lako puni: mea hoʻololi uila

E koho i kekahi mana mea hoʻololi uila, oe e pono e ike i kekahi kumu o ka 'ikepili:

1. Mana mea hoʻohana ka poe pono e hoʻohui.
2. I ka waiwai o ka papa kuhikuhiE anakahi uila.
3. I ka waiwai o ka mea i makemake anakahi uila ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi.

No ka ho omaulia i ka helu o nā 'ana e haʻalele i loko o ka iniiaiie'ōwili hao, e pono 50 i puunaueia e ka wahi o ka Kora naʻEsau. Ke kea pauku he pōpilikia ma ka haʻilula:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A mana P1 = P2 / ka hoʻokōʻana. Ke ka hoʻokōʻana o ka mea hoʻololi uila e loa e oi aku ma mua o 0.8 ( 'ole 80%). No laila, ua laweʻia ka wā helu ana i ka i kā mākou cia - 0,8.

Mana i loko o ka mea kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi:

P2 = U2 * I2.

Mauʻikepili i loaʻa ma ka paʻamau, no laila, e hana i ka i ka ho omaulia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Eia pehea e emi i ke anakahi uila i 12 volts ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi mea hoʻololi uila. Akā, i ka mai a pau: nā mīkini home manaʻia e ala pono, a me ka auoiaea o ke kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi - alternating. Inā ua nele ia, e hana i kekahi mau hou loli.

Lako hou huakai kaapuni a ālai ': he rectifier a me ka Kānana

Next mea hoʻololi 'AC ke DC. No keia mea, mea uholo uila diodes paha i ua ahakanaka la. Ka easiestʻano o ka rectifier mea he hookahi diode. kapa aku la ia i kekahi hapa-nalu. Akā,ʻo kā mākou haawi aku la lakou i loaa mai ma ke alahaka kaapuni, e leie ole wale e straighten alternating pono, akā, e pakele no hoi o ka mea i kā mākou ripple. Akā, ua ka mīkini hoʻololi kaapuni mea nō kāpili, e like me ka ee iaaanu aey ke keʻena o kekahi mea uholo uila diode 'aʻole i pakele o ka. A ka anu u-ia anakahi uila mea hoʻololi uila 220 hiki ai ke hoʻolilo i ka AC anakahi uila a hiki i ka ia alapine (frequency), akā, me ka uuku loa.

e hoʻohana 'ia Electrolytic capacitors ma ka mana lako like kānana. Mamuli o ke kauoha Kirchhoff ka theorem, e like me ka mea pihana ma ka AC huakai kaapuni mea he alakaʻi mele a me ka wā ke hoʻohana i ka ikaika - discontinuity. No laila, he ikaika ke keʻena, e kahe ke alalai ole, a me ka ee iaaanu aey e e pani ma luna iho, no laila,ʻaʻole e hele ma keia Kānana. Naau kupono a me ka pono - keia ka mea characterizes mau kānana. Nō hoʻi, i ka ia'ku a me ka inductance hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no smoothing pulsations. e hoʻohana Similar? ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia, a hiki i kaʻa nā mīkini uila.

anakahi uila hooponopono

Ua aʻo ana, e emi i ke anakahi uila i ka makemake kiʻekiʻe. Ano, e pono ia e stabilized. No keia mea, i na mea maalea - zener diodes, na mea i hanaia o ka silikone. Ka mea, Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka DC ia auoiaea mana lako. I ka rula o ka hana o ia ka mea uholo uila mea hiki ke skip i kekahi anakahi uila, ka loaʻa pākeu ua hoohuliia mai i loko o ka wela, a ua haawiia mai ia e ka radiator i loko o ka lewa. Ma na olelo e ae, ina ka auoiaea mana lako o 15 volts, a me ka stabilizer i 12, oia, e hala ia i mea e like me kou makemake. A koena unuhi i loko o ka 3-hoa, e hele e hoʻa'ā i (ka ikehu heʻahahui kānāwai mea i pololei ia).

ka hopena

A pau loa ia kekahi mau mea i manao ai - no i koe-ia anakahi uila mea hoʻokonukonu,ʻo iaʻo ia he mau loli. Mua, ka laina anakahi uila ua hoohuliia ia DC me ke alapine (frequency) kiʻekiʻe (i ka 50 000 Hz). Ua Ua stabilized a ua lako i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale mea hoʻololi uila. Eia ka mea, he inverse hoʻololi i ka pae'ōnaehana anakahi uila (AC a uuku meaningfully). Ma ke ano o ka lolouila mea hoʻololi (thyristor), he DC anakahi uila ua hoohuliia ia AC me ke koi 'ia alapine (ma ka latike o ko mākou aupuni - 50 Hz).