Pehea nā hua'ōlelo me ka mau manaʻo?

Mākou 'ōlelo mea waiwai a me ka multifaceted. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana 'i kekahi olelo, aole o makou i manaʻo e pili ana i na palena o kona manaʻo. Ua ike makou i ka honua, - o ka inoa o ko mākou Honua, a me ka honua, - keia mea hapa o kona luna, aina, lepo. No hoi, ua pau ike i ke ao nei - ka mea, 'o nā mea a pau a puni mākou, a me ka'ōnaehana i ka mea ia manawa ke ao nei - o ka nele o ka manaʻoe hōʻeha, he ola ole kaua. Kekahi semantically okoa ke ano, ua hoike ka ia lexical huahelu, i nā hua'ōlelo i mau manaʻo. E ka loaʻa mai ke kumu.

No ke aha lā i loaʻa olelo i i mau manaʻo i loko o ka 'ōlelo?

Kekahi linguist AA Potebnya, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka XIX kenekulia, i loko o kona monograph "i manaʻo ai, a Language" kakau iho la oia i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka olelo hele i loko o ka olelo o ka oi aku abstraktizatsii.

ko kākou mau kūpuna aʻo pehea e hoike i ko lakou Emotions a me ka makemake ma na mea o nā mea kani-ka wā, ka mea, i ole i mea ka anahonua, a me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papa, i ole ma waena o ka manaÿo o ka "hewa" a me "weliweli," "maikai" a me "maikaʻi loa." Nā hua'ōlelo mua i oleloia i ka mea,ʻike manaʻo a me ka manaʻo, me ka hiki i ka hōʻike a me ka hōʻike aku i ka mea, ua pono i ka maʻamau o ke ola. Like me, na keiki, ka poe i wale aʻo e kamailio, hoʻohana mua na mea hua'ōlelo e like me "makuahine", "E Pāpā", "Home", "papaaina", a wale laila e maopopo mea ia 'o ia hoʻi ke aloha, ka olioli, ka inaina, ka huhu.

Iloko o ka hooulu ana o ka mea kahiko kanaka nona iho no imaginative a me ka mākau noʻonoʻoloi he mea he pono e hele mai me ka hou hōʻailona no ka la mahope-lā manaÿo. I kekahi manawa, e like me kēia mau hōʻailona i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka' ōlelo olelo? Ueony, a, nae, Ua haawiia mai i ka hou manaʻo. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa i ka palapala ano o na olelo i koe. A ua nui na olelo i i mau manaʻo.

Like pono kuhikuhi hoailona me ka mau Hawaiʻi

Ma linguistics, he hua'ōlelo i loaʻa mau manaʻo, kapa nunui-kuaiia. He He manawa o Lūkini linguistics, a me ka poe i kaheaia haole 'epekema ka hua'ōlelo polysemic (mai ka Helene polis -. "A hailona" a me semanticos - "manaʻo").

Russian Academician VV Vinogradov i kapaia polysemy hiki o nā hua'ōlelo, e hoʻouna i kekahiʻano o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka mea a me kaʻike manaʻo o keu-'ōlelo aku o ka lanakila. Ua pono e olelo mai la i ke ano hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka olelo, ia mea maoli-semantic iwi kapaia lexical manaʻo. Mākou Ua haawi mua wau ia examples o nā hua'ōlelo o ka hoohalike ana, ma i kekahi mau lexical manaʻo. Eia naʻe, mau kanaka ike i ka hua'ōlelo "maluhia" mea e mau, akā, ehiku nā loina! Oe ke kaha i kēia e wehewehe puke wehewehe Ozhegova.

Polysemy a homonymy

Ma linguistics, e like me ia ma kekahi'ē aʻe 'epekema, he mau manaÿo, a nō i waena o ke kūkākūkā. No ka laʻana, AA Potebnya a me Jakobson manaoio i ka olelo me ka mau manaʻo hakuʻole, no ka mea, ina o ka hoailona ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu i hele mai e hoike i kekahi mea a me kŰia, ia loli loa kona semantic Kernel.

Eia naʻe, i loko o nā loina grammar notions o polysemy a me ka homonymy nō lauwili ana, aole nae i ka online, waiwai ka mea, e pinepine pioloke.

Ua Ua manaoio i na olelo i i mau manaʻo, akā, mālama i nāʻano o kona semantic-oaio? A, kekahi mau manaʻo e moe ma ka kumu o ka lexical pa alima hale. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i polysemous hua'ōlelo aia mea he ka hoʻomauʻana o ka waiwai, oiai ia mea,ʻaʻole homonyms. No ka laʻana, he manu'ū, a me ka manu'ū, i loko o ka lumi kuke, ka leo "G" a me ka papaʻaina paakai - ia homonyms,ʻaʻole kekahi henua mau olelo, no ka mea, aohe semantic pilina ma waena o lākou.

Pehea hana mau hua'ōlelo

Ua Ua manaoio ia polysemy ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao ekolu:

• Me ka metaphorical hoolilo. Ma lalo o ka metaphor pili ia i ka pohupani hale o ka olelo, ma muli ma aʻo Kīwala'ō o kekahi mau makaainana. No kekahi laʻana: he palaoa o ka huita - hua liilii o ka oiaio.
• Me ke kōkua o ke metonymy. By metonymy maopopo i ka waiwai o ka hoolilo ana o kekahi hua'ōlelo i kekahi ma ke kumu o ke alo o semantic pili ma waena o manaÿo. No kekahi laʻana: he pa i ka pipiʻi porcelain - ono Palani meaʻai.
• Ka lilo ana o synecdoche. He nui linguists manaoio ia synecdoche mea he kūikawā hihia o ka metonymy. Ua Ua hoakakaia me ka hoololiia ana o ka inoa a hiki i ka pau. No ka laʻana: ka mea "maoli hale" kahi o " 'ohana hale" a me "ka home hoʻi mai Amerika" kahi o "hoʻi i Rusia" (ina mākou i loko o ka manaʻo o ka hōʻeaʻana i loko o ko lakou aina, a me ka ole ua hōʻike hewa i kona hale, mai kekahi o ka hale).

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka henua hua'ōlelo

Ua hiki e ea ae i ka inoa o ko mākou Honua - ikea mai i ka lua o ka manawa ma ka aina kuleana o ka aina - Honua. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, a me nā kānaka mammals, he mea ma luna o ka'āina, ia mea kaʻoi loa kā lākou mau makana kaianoho koholā. A ua hana i ka inoa o ka Honua ma metonymic hoolilo,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka inoa o ka ili hoololiia a hiki i ka pau holoʻokoʻa. mākou i aku nei au, no ka mea hoike, i ka papa, oia ke hoolohe attentively i ke kumu, me ka manao ia mea,ʻaʻole he wahi kaawale, akā, i loko o kona mau haumāna.

Raspberries mākou kahea hua a me ka laau ooi ma i ko lakou ulu ana. Polysemy ua hoʻomohala ma ke kulanui o synecdoche. Akā, i ka colloquial manaʻo o "raspberry" - "lua o nä pöä" mea, e aho, he homonym no na examples'ē aʻeʻelua o kona hoʻohana.

He aha e hana ana i ka hua'ōlelo "hooluolu mai ia"?

E oe e hiki ke hai mai i koke - hoʻokahi a oi cia i ka hua'ōlelo "hooluolu mai ia"? Mai ke kula papa o Lūkini 'ōlelo a pau ike ia no laila, i kapaʻia kekahi hapa o ka olelo mua i ke kumu a me ka lawelawe' ana e hoʻololi i ke kumukuai o ka lexical pa alima. He He noun loko mai o ka verb "e pili ana", a ma ka mea kahea aku a pau "ua waiho i loko o ka uku ole", a kū ia i kekahi mea.

mau manaʻo no ka'ōlelo i loko o ka puke wehewehe o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo kaulana:

• lola i hooluolu mai ia, ka ikaika i ka mana o ke kani;
• morpheme pākuʻina kau;
• kekahi pākuʻina kau 10-15 makahiki aku nei i kapaʻia he kūikawā 'okoʻa no kaʻike kamepiula nā pāʻani.

'ōlelo Pun nānā 'ana i ambiguity a me ka homonymy

Ma na ulu 'ōlelo mea hua'ōlelo'ālike ma ka palapala, akā, me kekahi mau manaʻo. Ke me ka hui pu ana o lexical 'ikamu i loko o ka kikokikona ua hoʻohana' ia e hana i kekahi puke kātuna hookoia, hua'ōlelo pāʻani - Pun. E ho'āʻo i ka ke kumu puke kātuna kanawai o ka hope o nä hopuna e wehewehe:

• Mowed kēlā ¶ Ulana iho.
• He stoked ke kapuahi a pau ka po. By kakahiaka, ua make i ke kai.
• Koʻolauloa mai Koʻolauloa.
• He aʻo i ka pauku a me ke kumu holoholomoku.

Ma kēia mau hopuna puke kātuna hopena ua ma muli o ka homonymy o kekahi ano o ka hua'ōlelo. Akā, ma ka ia lexical ano o kēia mau lexical naehana meaʻokoʻa. Ke'ī mai, ma o ka hana mua, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hua'ōlelo "kua", "kēlā", "i kuha wale aku". "Kēlā" me he adjective o ia hoʻi, "haoʻa", "hālawa" a me ka "skew" me he noun - he colloquial ma ka inoaʻo o ka hare hoi. Ma ka lua o ka hoʻohālike hoʻohana i ka ambiguity o ka hua'ōlelo "poho iho": kuni, nui bapetizo ana ma ka wai. I ke kolu o ka hoʻohālike, e ai ana homonyms: ka Koʻolauloa me he noun - i ka inoa o ka manu, he Koʻolauloa me he mau Kuleana o ka verb "e hooweliweli." Eia hoi, ma ka ha o ka hana o ka Pun ma muli o ka coincidence o nāʻano o ka hala Makamae o ka verb "e pēlā, maha aʻela" a me ka noun i loko o ka nominative hihia "V" (laina ma ka poetry).

Ia mea,ʻaʻole manawa oluolu i ka ike, i kekahi a oi loina nā hua'ōlelo. I ka mole o na hoailona, a me ka Ikepili o ka pōʻaiapili o ke i ke kōkua ho oholo ma kuaiia homonymous paha i manaoia he pa alima.

Hoʻokō 'ia ma ke ano o kekahi henua hua'ōlelo Hawaiʻi

Hana: E nana i ka papa ma lalo nei a ho'āʻo ma luna o lākou iho, e hooholo i kekahi a oi loina i kahiāuli'ōlelo: mālama kapa, i ka ilio hihiu, i ke kaʻa, ke alanui, lima, Kernel. E wehewehe i kou maikai. Ehia na 'ikamu oe ke koho no kēlā me kēia hua'ōlelo?

i kēia mau'ōlelo a pau kekahi mau lexical manaʻo:

• Mālama kapa kapa aahu, e like me ka pa, kahi a lakou i waiho waho.
• Fox - he holoholona, a ma ka mea ia manawa maalea a ke kanaka. Ke ambiguity o Hawaiʻi mai o ka mea i loko o ka wā kahiko (a ma kauhale - a manawa) alopeke, i ka po, i ka wa a ole kekahiʻike, komo iloko o kanaka i ka hale, a mau halepapaa, e aihue ai i loko o.
• Machine - keia kaa, a me oaoieei lako a pan.
• Ke ala - keia mea i ke alanui a hiki i ka aina, a me ka lewa amo, a me metaphorically kanaka ola.
• Lima - hapa o ke kino a me ke kākau 'ana.
• Ke Kernel - keia kikowaena aoao o kekahi mea, a me ka hookumu ana o kekahi neʻeʻana, e like me ka poe koa.

Mau paha ma ke kūpili

E nānā i nā'ōlelo ma lalo nei. E hiki anei ia oe koho mea e hoohui mai ia:

1. i ke kūlana o ka diplomat, a me pickles;
2. pāhawewe mai o ka la, a me ka mahele ana o aristocrats;
3. Launa Male hoahanau a poorly i ka waiwai;
4. loloa o ka'āina i loko o ke kai, a me ka haaheo o ka Lūkini nani;
5. muliwai iʻa, a me ka palaki no ka holoi mau kiaha.

Pane: elele; malamalama; mare; Xhosa; ruff.

Aole anei oe i manao i kekahi o kēia mau examples nā homonyms a me ka a - a hiki i ka ambiguity? Words me ka mau loina oko mai homonyms alo aku o ka Logical-pili ma waena o kekahi semantic manaÿo. Laʻana №2 pilina ua muli ma luna o ka metaphor: e like me ka la illuminates ka Honua, a me nā aliʻi ma ka pono o ko lākou hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ulu o ke apo o ke kaiāulu. Ma ka hana №5 loulou ma waena o ka iʻa, a me ka palaki ua nānā 'ana ma luna o metonymy, no ka mea, o ka pā kinona o ka palaki kohu i ka iʻa. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike, aohe 1, 3, 4 me ka nānā 'ana ma homonyms.

Pela, ua loaʻa mai i ka olelo loaʻa paha kekahi mau manaʻo, kapa nunui-kuaiia, a polysemic. Akā, i kēia ambiguity mea i makemake loa ia e hiki keʻike mai i ka homonyms. Inā ma waena o hua'ōlelo me ka mau manaʻo mālama kekahi semantic pilina ma waena o homonyms hana ole.