Pollination o nā mea kanu: ano, hiʻona, kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ke ano

E like me ka hana hope hanaʻia typical pua ho okumu ana o hua a me ka anoano. Kēia pono mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana. . Ka mua o ka pollination o ka pua. Ma hope iho ona, he mea pono fertilization - loaʻa nā hua a me ka anoano. . E noonoo hou, nā mea i na ano o ka pollination.

Overview

, на котором осуществляется перенос мелких зерен с тычинок на рыльце. Pollination mea kanu - kaʻanuʻu o ka loaa ana i ka hoolilo ana o ke olonā i mānoanoa me rakers ma ka stigma. Ua Ua pili loa aku i kekahi kahua o kekahi mea kanu? Acaeoey - ke kahua o ka reproductive nā loko. ʻepekema, i mau ke ano o ka pollination i ua loaʻa: allogamy a me ka autogamy. Ma keia hihia, ka mua hiki ke hana mau aoao: geytonogamiey a me ka xenogamy.

ano o ka

путем переноса зерен с тычинок на рыльце одного органа размножения. Autogamy - kanu pollinated ma laila 'o ia i ka mānoanoa a hiki i ka stigma o stamens nā'ōlelo o ke kauoha aupuni. Ma na olelo e ae, i kekahi'ōnaehana kū kaʻawale hanaʻia he pono kaʻina. Allogamy - kea hoolilo palaoa, mai kekahi hui, rakers ma ka stigma o kekahi. Geytonogamiya komo ai pollination ma waena o nā pua o ka ia, a me ka xenogamy - kekahi mau kanaka. Ka mua genetically like e autogamy. Ma keia hihia, he mea wale nō i ka recombination o gametes i loko o ka hookahi kanaka. E like me ka rula, keia mea typical o na mea he nui-pollinated inflorescences.

Ka loa maikaʻi no kona aaiaoe ai ua noʻonoʻo xenogamy. способствует увеличению возможностей перекомбинации генетических данных. Oia pollination o flowering kanu ka poʻea pau i ka recombination o aaiaoe ikepili uea '. Kēia, ma ka huli, hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka intraspecific 'ano, i ukali ia e adaptive evolution. Ia manawa, autogamy he nui waiwai e stabilize kekahi huapalapala.

ano

pollination hana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mōhaiʻai hoolilo konohiki a me ka pua lauana. Allogamy autogamy a hiki e lawe mai ma ka ia aʻe. Ka mea, ma ka hana, e ka makani, holoholona, kanaka, wai. Ka nuiʻano o nāʻano likeʻole me ka allogamy. Līkaia no kēia kā lākou pae:

1. осуществляется с помощью живых организмов. Liluwelo - pollination ua lawe mai me ke kōkua o ke ola meaola. Kēia hui hōʻike 'i ka helu o subgroups. Na Mea Maluna Ua i ke kaumaha ma muli o ka lawe. (энтомофилия), птицами (орнитофилия), летучими мышами (хироптерофилия). No ka laʻana, hoʻokō pollination ma nā mea kolo (entomophily), manu (ornithophily), opeapea (hiropterofiliya). Aia i nāʻaoʻao -, Me ke kōkua o mollusks, mammals, etc. naʻe, ka mea i hoikeia mai ma ka ano e pohihihi keia.
2. связано с влиянием небиологических факторов. Abiotic - pollination aie a hiki i ka aoao o abiotic aʻe. Ma keia pae, kūlana hoolilo palaoa mai ka makani (anemofiliyu), wai (hydrophilic).

, считаются адаптациями к конкретным окружающим условиям. Fashion ma a ka pollination o nā mea kanu i manaoia adaptations i kekahi? Aneie ana. Ma aaiaoe hua'ōlelo, ka mea, ua emi nui ma mua o keʻano.

Plant ka hoʻololiʻana i ka pollination

ka pūʻulu mua o kāu kiʻina hana noonoo. Ma ke ano maoli, e like me ka rula, ua kō nā entomophily. Evolution o nā mea kanu a me pollen vectors holo ia laua. Entomophilous kanaka oluolu kū mai i waena o 'ē aʻe. I mea kanu a me nā vectors i ae ka hoʻololiʻana. Ma kekahi mau hihia ka mea, e ai ololi i ka moʻomeheu mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke nei me ka Agena (a Hope versa). Nā mea kolo i o Laielohelohe.

1. Waihoʻoluʻu.
2. Food.
3. Hohono.

Eia hou, i kekahi mau nā mea kolo hoʻohana pua like me ka malumalu. No ka laʻana, ka mea e huna ana i laila i ka pō. Ke ana wela i loko o ka pua ma luna ma mua ia o ka mawaho a puni, he mau degere. Aia nō nā mea kolo e paʻi iā lākou iho i loko o ka hana 'ike loea. No ka laʻana, wasps Chalcid pua i hoʻohana no keia.

ornithophily

Pollination ma manu ia lŘlŘʻano nui i loko o Tropical wahi. Ma pohihihi keia hihia ornithophily ia ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka subtropics. Na hoailona o ka pua e,ʻo nā manu loaʻa:

1. Noʻala. Ma manuʻano nawaliwali ano o ka hohono.
2. Corolla mea he nuiʻalani aʻulaʻula. Ma pohihihi keia hihia, aia no he uliuli a me ka lila waihoʻoluʻu. Ua ua mai la i ka manu ua hikiwawe kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka waihoʻoluʻu.
3. A nui helu o haʻahaʻa-i kia manuʻapapane.

Manu pinepine mai noho iho oe ma ka pua, a pollinate, hoʻolahalahai ma'ē aʻe,ʻo ia.

Hiropterofiliya

Opeapea pollinating advantageously Tropical kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. Ma pohihihi keia hoopii, ka mea i komo i loko o ka amo ana o mānoanoa ma luna o ka weuweu. Opeapea pollinate pua i ka po. Na hoailona o ka hana 'ike loea e,ʻo kēia mau holoholona loaʻa i ka penei:

1. Ke alo aku o ke keʻokeʻo paha kukui hāweo yellow-uliuli waihoʻoluʻu. Ua hiki no hoi e brownish, ma ka pohihihi keia manawa poni.
2. Ke alo aku o ka maopopoʻala. He hoÿomaopopo i nä mea pohihihi, a wehe i ka iole.
3. Flowers ua pua i nā i ka pō, a ma ke ahiahi.
4. Nui māhele kau mai lala ma lōʻihi lalo iho (baobab) hoʻomōhala kela 'ana ma luna o ka nui ilpko o ka laau (cocoa).

Anemofiliya

Pollination ma kahi o 20% o nā mea kanu lōpū loloa laweʻia e ka makani. Ma hamama mau mea (steppes, na waonahele, Polar wahi), keia aka mea nui kiʻekiʻe. Anemophilous hana 'ike loea i ka kēia mau hiʻona:

1. Small inconspicuous pua i mea yellowish paha he omaomao iki, pinepine me perianth. Inā ka mea, i keia wa, ia mea i loko o ka palapala o ka Film a me ka unahi.
2. Ke alo o multiflorous inflorescences. Oia ka "pōkē pua" hiki ke poe povisloj iho (axis) - apo.
3. Ke alo ma ka stamen anther lahilahi filaments.
4. E aho nui a me ka pinepine feathery stigmas nei iluna ma kela aoao o ka pua.
5. hookahi a dioecious moʻomeheu.
6. A nui ka nui o ka pollen. He maloo, ka lole, i laumania. Ka mānoanoa ko ke i nā manaʻo (lewa i mau aa moni, no ka laʻana).

Anemophilous moʻomeheu pinepine kuahene nui ōpū. He nui maoli ka manawa o ka pollination. Like examples hookauwa birchwoods, laau hukaa,ʻohe o nā lāʻau kukū.

hydrophilic

Kēia pollination ua kākaʻikahi i loaʻa ma ka ano. O ke kumu ho i ka oiaio i mea wai ole he maʻamau kaianoho koholā no ka mea kanu. Ma na mea kanu i ka pua i luna o kaʻili, a ua pollinated ka hapanui ma nā mea kolo a ma o ka makani. Hoailona hydrophilic ulu ioiinyony:

1. Nā pua i ka poe liilii, a me ka inconspicuous. Ka mea, hoʻomōhala singly a hoakoakoa ae la i ka poe liilii, "pai".
2. E like me ka rula, Māhū pua. Like examples hookauwa vallisneria, Elodea.
3. Nā anthers o ka lahilahi pa. Lakou nele endothecium. anthers pinepine i ka filamentary palapala. Ma kekahi mau hana 'ike loea, ka mea, i ka wili stigma. Kēia ka poʻea pau i ka kokololio anal a me ka germination o pollen.
4. ʻO ka pī i ole exine. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i pollen mea i loko o ka wai a me ka mea aole i hemahema e hoomalu mai ka maloʻo ana mai.

autogamy

I keia manawa 75% o nā mea kanu i bisexual pua. Kēia i nā kuokoa hoolilo mānoanoa ko ole mawaho kūkulu pū. Autogamy He pinepine huikau. 'O kēia ka hihia pakahi aku la ia ma lalo o adverse rula no na nā moku halihali mokulele.

Autogamy ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o "maikaʻi pakiko-pollination, ma mua o kekahi i nā mea a pau." Kēiaʻano o ka hoolilo ua ike, he nui loa ka palaoa meakanu. Ka mea, i hookuu hoʻomōhala i loko o ka adverse olelo ma ka wahi kahi ikaika anu (tundra, mauna) ole loa wela (wao akua), a ma laila nō i nā moku halihali mokulele.

Ma ke ano, ia manawa, me a me ka maʻamau autogamy. He ikaika, a he mea nui no ka ulu. No ka laʻana, pakiko-pollinating mea kanu e like me peas, peanuts, hua palaoa, ke olonā, a me ka pulupulu kekahi poe e ae.

subtypes

Autogamy hiki e:

1. Hoʻokaʻaʻike. Ka wā e neʻe filaments anthers pololei hai aku stigmas. Kēia autogamy ano o ungulates, starflower.
2. Umekaumaha. Ma keia hihia, ke pollen kīnā ka stigma mai anthers, i i ke aupuni 'ma luna. I ka gravitational autogamy pela, umekaumaha hana. He ano o Keola, pyroloideae hana 'ike loea.
3. Cleistogamous. Ma keia hihia lawe mai i ka mohala pollination a paʻa pua. Cleistogamy noʻonoʻo pono i ka lōʻihi loa autogamy. Ua hiki e ukuia i noho lakou malaila aʻe (kiʻekiʻe humidity ole panoa). Cleistogamy hiki ia he regular, genetically haka pono. No ka laʻana, he kahaha ko oukou naau lila i loko o ka luawai manawa pua e hōʻike mua maʻamau, akā, pollination 'aʻole e hana i loko o ia, pakahi,' aʻole e hōʻike hua a me ka anoano. A laila loaʻa cleistogamous reproductive nā loko. Ka mea, 'aʻole hōʻike, a hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka palapala o nā'ōpuʻu. Germination o ka pollen i loko o anthers ia lŘlŘ 'ana. Ke Tube ae ma ka paia, a hiki i ka spout. I ka hopena o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku me na anoano.

Cleistogamy ia akulla 'ma ka hana' ike loea o kekahi taxonomic pūʻulu (i loko o kekahi mau kiliala, no ka laʻana).