Poneto: mōʻaukala, malihini, i ka luna o ka poe koa. Poneto, a me kona kūlana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Black Sea

Ke aupuni kahiko o Poneto, ua aia ma ka hikina o Asia Minor, ka mea, ua kekahi o na koʻikoʻi loa, o ka Hellenistic Huipuia, o kona manawa. Ua loaa he ole nui ma luna o ka'āina a me ka kokoke hou? Acaeoey o ka Black Sea. A pau na Hawaii kahiko i loko o kaʻaoʻao hema o keia-lā Rusia somehow aie i kekahi mea, mai keia mana. Pontus ikeia i ke kālā no 'epekema mea nui oi ma mua o nā like'āina. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i kona poe alii, no ka lōʻihi manawa aumeume ana me Roma. Aia mea i kanalua i ka make māinoino, i mea he aupuni o Poneto, i lewa i loko o ka maloko pili'ōnaehana o ka aina.

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Ma kona ola ana, i ka III ka - I kenekulia. BC Pontus pinepine hoʻololi i ka palena,ʻano nui ma muli i kona iho? Anoe? Aiey. State oaio? Ua North ma Kapadokia ma ka hema-hikina mokuna o ka Black Sea. I ka wā kahiko ka mea iʻikeʻia ma ka Pont Euxine, a me ia mea ke kumu i ke aupuni i kapaia Poneto, a wale abbreviated like Poneto.

Ano o ka moku'āina Ua pili kēia ka manao o lakou no i kona ano Leeuwerikplein wahi. A nā panalāʻau e lilo kekahi hapa o ke aupuni o ke Poneto? Ka mea, ua i ka'āina ma waena o Central a me Western Asia, ka Balkans a me ka Black Sea māhele 'āina. Nolaila, o ka Pont i kalepa ana a me nā mea a pau i nā wahi e hoʻolilo iā ia i waiwai a me ka ikaika luna. Mau poʻe kālepa i hele mai mai ka'ākau Mesopotamia, i ka'Ilana Plateau a me ka Caucasus. Pohihihi keia'Ākia waiwai i lawe mai i kekahi lihi iki o ke kala. Malihini Poneto ka mineta mai gula, a i ka hanana helehelena. Archaeologists hoʻomau e loaʻa iā lākou i loko o Tureke a me Rusia, i ka Ukraine, a me ka Caucasus.

ke kaiāulu kanaka,

Ma Ponetio moku'āina i hui pūʻia ka mooolelo o na lahuikanaka he nui. Ma keia aupuni o Asia Minor noho ilalo, Anatolian,'Ilana a me ka Hellenic aoao. Ka heluna kanaka ka hapanui komo i loko o ka mahiai, i nui ka mehana aniau. Kulanakauhale ma Ponte ua kŘpa a uuku. Ka mea, ua ka hapanui i ka Black Sea kahakai. O ka poe kūkulu 'ia i hoʻokumu Greek colonizers.

Kuʻuna ka heluna e pili ana i ka Cappadocian, Macron, Ghalib, Colchis, kataontsam. Nohoʻaneʻi me ka dukima o ka malihini, e like me ka mea Phrygian ohana. Ma ke aupuni o Poneto ka mea, ua mau nō he wahi lihi iki o'Ilana olelo ana me ka poʻe Peresia. A pau i kēia kaleidoscope ua he pilikia ka pauka keg. Kekahi mau lāhui kanaka i ua hui ma ka nui Hellenistic (Greek) moʻomeheu. I ka hikina o ka ohana i noho ai, o ka hopena ua nawaliwali. Most koe Hellenized heluna o ka Black Sea mokuna o nā kulekele.

Ponta kumu

Pontus moku'āina Ua hoʻokumuʻia King Mithridates au i loko o 302 BC By me Kinohi, oia ua he Persian i malama aku i ke Teselonike i ke alii Antigonus. No ka unclear kumu alii e hāʻule i loko o hilahila me kona mō'ī, a holo i ka mamao ma Kapadokia, kahi āna i hoʻokumu i ka hou moku'āina. Ma ka aoao o ka mea a pau i ka hopeʻana o nā aliʻi o Poneto i kapa Mitridatidami.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i nā hana e ku i ka mea ikea o ka moku'āina. Poneto, kona mōʻaukala hoomaka ma ka pau ana o ka IV kenekulia BC. Hawaii., i waho, mai ka piha'ā o ka mana nui, hana Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Kēia mau mua lanakila Greece, a laila, e halii mai i Hellenistic moʻomeheu i loko o ka hapanui o ka Middle East. Kona mana ua pōkole-i noho ai. Ua wawahi mai i na mea he nui ko na'lii, Alexander i ka make i loko o 323 BC koke ma hope o

flowering

Mamo o Mithridates au hoomau e hooikaika a hoʻomohala i ka moku'āina o Poneto. Ka mea, ua kōkuaʻia e ka fragmentation pili aupuni o na hoalauna, a me ka Loaʻaʻia ka loaʻaʻana aumeume no ka ole i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Kona heyday, i keia noho kahiko me Mithridates VI Eupator, ka mea i alii ai ma ka 117 - 63 makahiki. BC

I ka manawa'ōpio wale nō ka mea, he e holo mai i kona'āina hānau. make kona makua kāne, ma hope o kona makuwahine Mithridates VI kū'ē i ke keiki i lawe like me ka maʻamau noho aliʻi. Deprivation i loko o ke pio, kanalua miko i ka wā e hiki mai ke alii. A hiki aku ia i hope e hoʻokele e hoʻi i ka mana, i ka mō'ī aku la i ke kaua me kona mau hoalauna.

Small ko na'lii, a me ka koke kia'āina hoolohe i Mithridates. Wā kaulike kapa aku ia ia i ka Nui. He hui Colchis (ke kālā no Georgia), e like me Tauris (Crimea). Eia naʻe, ma mua o ke aliʻi i ka mea nui wale hoao ana - mau paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma luna o Roma. Repubalika i keia manawa hehi i kona anoe? I ka East. I mua hui Greece, a ua manawa koi ia e Asia Minor, ma ke aupuni o Poneto ua. Ma waena o na mana elua, hoomaka ae la ke kaua pau ole.

Ana me na aina

E pili ana i ka nui ana, i mea mua e like ka aupuni a pau, iʻalo Mithridates me ka maoli pilikia - pehea e mālama i kona 'āpana. ho'āʻo He e loaʻa i ke koena i loko o ana me ka hou'āina, hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kaʻokoʻa aʻe. No ka laʻana, kekahi ohana uuku o ka hema formally lilo kona mau allies, oiai Colchis a me Tauris huli i ka mea a me ka mau kumu no ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni.

Ka hapa nui o na dala i hele ai i na uku a me nā meaʻai koa. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, i ke aupuni o Poneto Mithridates poina e pili ana i ka wā i ka ke ao nei. Ka Emperor i ke kūkulu'ākau-komohana māhele o ka Black Sea māhele 'āina, he nui wale mai ana o ka hua liilii. An pau ole kaua i ka berena i pono ai no ka lōʻihi-mamao kaua i loko o Roma'āina.

Mawaho a me ka pilinaʻokoʻa

Mithridates VI o Poneto ho'āʻo e hoʻonui i ka moku'āina me ke kōkua o Hellenization kulekele. He hai aku la oia ia ia iho i ka pale a me ka haipule o kahiko Greek moʻomeheu. Akā, i kēia papa hiki i alakai i ke kaua me kekahi mana kahiko i loko o ka maka o ko Roma. Repubalika ma kona hikina palena i ole e pono ai i ke aupuni ikaika o Poneto.

Mithridates i ho'āʻo e hooikaika i kona aupuni ma ka hoʻoulu i ka pomaikai o ke kūkulu 'ia. Ma keia la o Laielohelohe i konaʻaoʻao hoʻokiwikā papa. Akā, e ku e ia wahi lulu kuwaho ua he ikaika aristocracy. Kona mau lala e i makemake e kaʻana i ka waiwai a me ka aoao a me nā kulekele.

Wahi luluʻikepili Mithridates VI

Ultimately hanohano lako aliʻi ultimatum. He ia e kākoʻo i kona mau pono a me inhibit nui kipi, i kākoʻo 'ia ma ka lilo o ka momona mau hipuu waiwai. Ke alii, i mea mau i ke kaua me ka Roma, hiki ole panai ia ma lalo o ka stab ma ka hope. He ua ia e concessions i ka aristocracy. Ka mea, ua kūpono i loko o ka hanau ana o ka nauki o ka papa exploited ka mau heluna.

No ka mea, o keia hoopaapaa ole ia, i ke aupuni o Poneto, kona poe koa i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mea kahiko Greek kükohu nae iʻaʻole i hiki i ka pakele ana o ka diabolo hikina despotism i loko o kona polity. Ua mea i nui i keia mana nui ola wale mililani aku i ka charismatic a me ka ikaika huahelu o ke alii nui. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Mithridates VI, ia i paa ai e haule iho ma ke kaʻawale.

aupuni o ke ana nou

I kēia lā i ke aupuni o ke Poneto, a me kona kūlana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Black Sea i? Anoee e noiʻi mai kekahi mau aina. Akā, nānā 'ole o ka mea nana i ka mea e, kēlā akamai hukihuki lakou i ka noonoo ana ma Mithridates VI o ke au, mai kona noho ana i kona piko.

Akā, i kēia mō'ī nui o kona mau hewa a me ka pilikia i la oia ua hiki i ka lanakila loa. Ma waho aʻeo ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna o na pilikia, i ke aliʻi, e hana i ka wa e kaawale aku o kekahi hana mea nui allies i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Roma. Ma hope o ka hope o ka repubalika i Ua lehulehu Kaiwaenahonua panalaau - Greece, Italy, Gaul, Spain, Carthage, etc. Mea paha i hanaia no ka hoʻokō aliʻi Mithridates, oia ua ma luna o ka Pahuhopu nā papaha hiki ole loa ko oukou pale ana i ka Roma? Anoe? Aiey.

make ana o Mithridates

Ma ka haule ana o ka '64 BC i ke alii o Poneto hiki i ka houluulu i kekahi poe koa nunui no ka manawa o 36 tausani kanaka, a naʻi i ka Bosporus. Eia naʻe, kona multinational koa i makemake ole e hoʻomau i ke kai eʻe a me ka hele aku i Italia, kahi āna i makemake e hele Mithridates e hahau'ākau i loko o ka naʻau o Roma. ka is ka kulana ua shaky, a me ka ia i hehi hoʻi.

Ia manawa, i ka poe kaua o ka oo i paʻapū ai. Koa, ua hauʻoli i ka kaua, a ma ka hou, aia ua kekahi kanaka i makemake encroach ma ka mana Portiyskom aupuni. Ua huli mai e ia i ka pīhoihoi scion o Mithridates VI Pharnaces. Kipi wehe, a me kana keiki hopu. Ke alii makemake e pepehi ia ia, e make no ka kipi, akā, kokoke dissuaded ia ia, a aʻo aku ai iā ia i ka e hele ana i ka hale. Makua Uaʻae.

Akā, i kēia hana i i kōkua i ka pale aku ke kipi i loko o ke kaua. A lohe o Mithridates ike hoopuniia e na enemi, oia i make. Mea i 'Aʻole e holopono. A laila, i ka is e hoohuli i kuhina nona, e pepehi ia ia i ka pahi kaua, a me ka mea i hanaia. Ka pōʻino i wahi i loko o 63 BC aʻo i ka Romans o ka make ana o Mithridates, hauʻoli no i kekahi mau lā. Ano, ka mea pono, manao ana i ke aupuni o Poneto koke waiho i ka repubalika.

Kū'ē, a hiolo mai

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Poneto Mithridates VI ua haule iho i ka naniʻole. Ke Roman Repubalika, e loaa i ke kaua me ka hoalauna, i ke komohana hapa o ke aupuni o kona'āina a pau. Ma ka hikina, o ka palena iki mana o ka Pontic na'lii noke, akā, ma ka mea ua lilo ia i mea e kaukaʻi ka mea, ma luna o Roma. Mithridates ke keiki Pharnaces II ho'āʻo e hoola i kona makuakane i ka mana. He i ka lanakila o ka outbreak o kivila kaua i loko o Rome , a pepehi i ka repubalika. Ua hoi aku Pharnaces i ma Kapadokia, a uuku iho'Ararata.

Eia naʻe, i kona pomaikai nui ua pōkole-i noho ai. A lohe o Kaisara i kuuia mai na turmoil, hele aku la ia i ka hikina, e hoʻopaʻi Pharnaces. Ma kekahi kuleana kaua ma Zely Romans lanakila 'o ia i ka hńne e lanakila. Just laila, ua he Roma iʻa hopuna'ōlelo «Veni vidi vici» - «la, au i ike ai, I lanakila".

Yuliy Tsezar, nae, haʻalele ka olelo aliʻi inoa i loko o ka lima o Mithridates hooilina. Aka, ka mea, noonoo iho la lakou ia lakou iho koa o Roma. Hope i hoopau ma ka inoa Emperor Nero i ka 62 AD Ka hope luna o ke aupuni o ke Poneto Polemon II abdicated me e ole ia'ku, no ka mea, aohe ona kumu waiwai, e hana me ka Roma.